BACKGROUND: There is still no satisfactory therapy for thetreatment of cerebral infarction at present. Although sub-hypothermia is effective in the treatment of cerebral infarction, its side effect is relatively more. Local sub-hypothermia might have favorable effects in the treatment of cerebral infarction.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effects of local sub-hypothermia on the ischemic brain tissues in rats to further explore its mechanism.DESIGN: A randomized controlled basic study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Institute of neurology of a university hospital.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Animal Laboratory of Neurology, the First College for Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University between April 2000 and January 2002. Fifty male Wistar rats(cleanness grade) with a bodyweight of(250 ± 25) g were selected.INTERVENTIONS: Ten rats were randomly selected from the 50 rats and divided into normal group and sham-operation group with 5 rats each. The rest 40 rats were randomly divided into normal temperature cerebral ischemia group and local hypothermia cerebral ischemia group with 20 rats each. Rat cerebral middle-sized arterial ischemia model was established for local sub-hypothermia disposal.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Impacts on cerebral infarction volume,nerve function, and neuron-specific enolase(NSE) of rats in each group.RESULTS: The cerebral infarction volume at 48 hours after embolism in rats was ( 128.95 ± 13.42) or (84.90 ± 11.36) mm3 respectively, nerve function evaluation was( 1.60 ± 0. 24) or (0. 95 ± 0. 17), and serous NSE concentration was(13.55±4.07) or(9.19±3.42) μg/L in either sub-hypothermia group or normal temperature group, which were significantly different from each other.CONCLUSION: Local sub-hypothermia therapy has protective effects on ischemic cerebral neurons.

Objective To observe the characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) in retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods Prospective and observational study.Clinical examination of 81 consecutive patients (86 eyes) diagnosed with RVO were included in the study,in which the branch retinal vein occlusion in 47 eyes,central retinal vein occlusion in 39 eyes.Forty-five patients were male and 36 patients were female.Aged from 28 to 76 years old,the mean age was (55.36±10.01) years old.Comprehensive optical and imaging examination were performed,including fundus photography,fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),spectral domain OCT,en face OCT and OCTA.The retinal blood flow imaging scan mode and the optic disc blood flow imaging scan mode were performed,the scanning region in the macular area were 3 mm × 3 mm,6 mm × 6 mm,8 mm × 8 mm respectively,around the optic disc were 3 mm × 3 mm and 4.5 mm × 4.5 mm.Each region scans 2 times.The characteristics of foveal avascular zone change,macular edema,non-perfusion and optical disc edema in OCTA and their corresponding FFA and en face OCT were observed.Results By OCTA,67 eyes (77.9％) for foveal avascular zone change,23 eyes (26.7％) for macular edema,40 eyes (46.5％) for non-perfusion,and 33 eyes (38.4％) for optical disc edema can be detected.The foveal avascular zone change can be indentified as the tranformation,destruction and even vanish of the arch in superfacial layer of retinal macular area,acompanied with the dilatation and thickening of capillary vessels,the occlusion and expanding of capillary vessels arounded the foveal avascular zone in the deep layer of macular area.Those performances were more clear than FFA.The main expression of macular edema was low signal and was not as clear as en face OCT.The tortuosity and expansion of retinal vessels,density decreasing and even occlusion or abnormal traffic branch of capillary vessels can be observed in non-perfusion.These observations were similar to FFA.However,pieces of highly signal identical with non-perfusion area can b.e detected in chroid capillary.The representation of optical disc edema was the brush-like expanding of capillary vessels aroud optical disc.Conclusions OCTA can help for observing the abnormal changing of capillary vessels in foveal avascular zone and macular edema,non-perfusion and optical disc edema.Foveal avascular zone change showed occlusion and expanding of capillary vessels around the foveal avascular zone in the deep layer of macular area.Macular edema showed the weak signal.Non-perfusion showed tortuosity and expansion of retinal vessels,density decreasing and even occlusion or abnormal traffic branch of capillary vessels.Optical disc edema showed brush-like expanding of capillary vessels around optical disc.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and therapy of brucellar meningitis in children.Method One case of brucellar meningitis was reported and relevant literatures were reviewed.A 10 years old boy was admitted to hospital with a history of half a month fever and cough and 3 days headache.His family raised sheep,but he denied contacting closely with sheep and eating raw goat's milk and mutton.Results The course of this reported child was subacute.Clinical manifestations included fever,headache and meningeal irritation sign positive.The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)findings were similar to those of tuberculous meningitis,where WBC count was elevated with predominant lymphocytes,glucose and chloride decreased and protein increased.The serum bacterium burgeri antibody was positive,agglutination titer was 1160.After brucellar meningitis was diagnosed,three antibiotics including rifampin,minocycline and ceftriaxone sodium and other symptomatic treatment were used.The CSF findings were normal 2 weeks later.This child taked orally minocycline,rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 8 weeks post discharge,the recovery was good.The domestic and foreign documents showed that the incidence of the nervous system complications of brucellosis in children was lower than that in adult.The main clinical manifestations were acute meningitis /meningocephalitis.Brucellar meningitis could be misdiagnosed as tuberculous meningitis,because the course of disease,clinical manifestations and CSF findings were similar.Therapeutic alliance including 3 kinds of antibiotics,which could easily pass through blood-brain barrier,was used to treat brucellar meningitis.The total course of treatment shouldn't be shorter than 8 weeks.Conclusions Brucellar meningitis should be screened through epidemiological investigation,serum agglutination test and cerebrospinal fluid culture,in case the reason of meningitis of meningoencephalitis is unknown,especially its clinical manifestation resembles to tuberculous meningitis.

AlM: To analyze personality traits in preoperative patients who undergolaser in situ keratomileusis ( LASlK) and to provide psychological basis for the selection of refractive surgery.
METHODS: Eligible patientswere seeking customized LASlK (group A n=53), conventional LASlK(group B n=75)and non-operation patients with ametropia (group C n=71 ) , who completed 16 personality factor questionnaires (16PF). Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA by SPSS11. 0 software package.
RESULTS: Compared to group C, patients in group A scored high on dominance and tension levels, and low on emotional stability level(P<0. 05), while patients in group B were more venturesome and more experimenting, but were less vigilant ( P<0. 05 ). Additionally, there were statistical differences between group A and group B on dominance, gallantry and vigilance respectively(P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: The data indicates that personality profiles of LASlK patients with refractive error influence their decision for correction. Patients need suitable psychological assessment before surgery who actively chose customized LASlK seem to be more assertive and suspicious.

Objective To investigate the effect of adenovirus-bone morphogenic protein 9 ( Ad-BMP9 ) on osteogenic differentiation of immortalized calvarial mesenchymal progenitor cells ( iCALs ) .Methods iCALs were infected with adenoviral vectors encoding BMP-9 or green fluorescent protein ( GFP) and the early osteogenic differentiation was assessed by detecting alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after being cultured for 3, 5 and 7 days.14 days after infection, alizarin red S staining was performed to study the formation of osteogenic calcium nodules .The expression of osteogenic marker genes Runx2 and OCN was assessed by quantitative real-time ( RT )-PCR and Western blotting .Results Significant increases in ALP activity and in the expressions of Runx 2 and OCN were detected in BMP-9 treated iCALs compared with GFP-treated cells(P<0.05).Meanwhile, alizarin red S staining showed that more mineralized nodules were found in the BMP-9 induced group .Conclusion BMP-9 can promote the osteogenic differentiation of iCALs .

Objective To investigate the protective effect of local mild hypothermia on the ischemic cerebral tissues. Methods A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was prepared in Wistar rats to compare the difference of the cerebral infarction volume and neurologic function and the serum concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) between the local mild hypothermia group and the normal temperature group. Results It was found that the cerebral infarction volume was 84.90?11.36 and 128.95?13.42 mm 3 in the local mild hypothermia group and the normal temperature group, the neurologic function score 0.95?0.17 and 1.60?0.24, and the serum concentration of NSE 9.19?3.42 and 13.55?4.07ng/ml,respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the local mild hypothermia treatment exerted protective effect on the ischemic neurons.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Coal Mining ; Cross Infection ; complications ; microbiology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Methicillin ; pharmacology ; Methicillin Resistance ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Silicosis ; classification ; complications ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To compare the genetic barriers to development of primary mutations related to drug resistance to protease inhibitors (PI), nucleioside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTI ), and non-nucleioside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTI ) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and CRF08_BC strains, and to understand the difference of varying patterns of drug resistance related mutations within these subtypes. Methods One hundred and ninety naive HIV-positive subjects from Nanning City and Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants. HIV-1 RNAs were extracted from plasma, and the pol regions were amplified and sequenced. Sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis to determine the subtypes of HIV-1 isolates. Nucleotide transitions and transversions were counted for each primary mutation in these sequences. According to the phenomena that transitions occur on average 2. 5 times frequently than transversions, each transition was scored as 1, and each transversion scored as 2. 5. The sum of the scores for a particular substitution was calculated, and this value was taken as the genetic barrier to development of this mutation. Then, the differences of genetic barriers among the subtypes were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Nemenyi test. Results A total of 123 sequences of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC strains were selected. CRF08_BC had a lower genetic barrier for T/S69Dsubstitution than CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC (χ2 =107. 501, P＜0.01), while CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC had lower genetic barriers for V118I and L210W substitution than CRF08_BC. In addition,CRF07_BC had a decreased genetic barrier for V106M compared with CRF01_AE and CRF08_BC.Conclusions In the presence of the same selective pressure, subtypes CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC may be more likely to develop V118I and L210W substitution than CRF08_BC. However, CRF08_BC may be more likely to develop T/S69D substitution than CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC. Meanwhile, CRF07_BC may be easier to develop V106M substitution than CRF01_AE and CRF08_BC.

Objective To explore the effects of the comprehensive heat preservation methods on body temperature of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods Totals of 98 patients who scheduled for selective laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into experimental group (n =49) warmed with the comprehensive heat preservation methods during operation,and control group (n =49) warmed with the routine heat preservation methods during operation.The nasopharynx temperatures and the incidence of shivering were monitored at different operation time points (T0,T1,T2,T3,T4).Results No significant difference of nasopharynx temperature was found between T1 (36.65 ± 0.30) ℃,T2 (36.64 ± 0.42) ℃,T3 (36.62 ± 0.15) ℃,T4 (36.58 ±0.17)℃ and T0(36.65 ±0.23)℃ in experimental group(t =1.12,0.46,0.71,1.07,respectively;P ＞ 0.05).Compared with experimental group,the nasopharynx temperature of patients in control group was significantly lower at T2,T3,T4 (t =6.64,5.99,3.94,respectively; P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of shivering in experimental group (12.9％) was significantly lower than that in control group (55.8％) (x2 =20.148,P ＜0.01).Conclusions Comprehensive warming methods are effective in preventing complication induced by hypothermia.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of various types of mature T-cell and natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma in Guangdong, China, with respect to the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

METHODSEleven hundred and thirty-seven (1137) cases of mature T-cell or NK/T-cell lymphoma diagnosed during the period from 2002 to 2006 in Guangzhou area were retrieved. The clinical data, histologic features and immunohistochemical findings were reviewed by a panel of experienced hematopathologists. Additional immunostaining was performed if indicated. The cases were re-classified according to the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

RESULTSNine hundred and sixty-three (963) cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of mature T-cell or NK/T-cell lymphoma and accounted for 20.1% of all cases of lymphoma encountered during the same period (963/4801). A predominance of extranodal involvement was noted in 644 cases (66.9%), while 319 cases (33.1%) showed mainly nodal disease. The prevalence of various lymphoma subtypes was as follows: peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL, NOS) 293 cases (30.4%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type 281 cases (29.2%), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) 198 cases (20.6%), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) 46 cases (4.8%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.99. The median age of the patients was 44 years, with the peak age of PTCL, NOS, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and AILT being 55 to 64 years, 25 to 54 years and 65 to 74 years, respectively. ALK-positive ALCL occurred more frequently in young age, while the ALK-negative ALCL cases occurred mainly in the elderly.

CONCLUSIONSExtranodal lesions predominate in mature T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas occurring in Guangzhou area. There is a male predominance and the overall incidence shows no increasing trend with age of the patient. The peak age of various subtypes however varies. The most common subtype was PTCL, NOS, followed by extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, ALCL and AILT. The relatively frequent occurrence of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type in Guangdong area is likely associated with the high incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection there.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Infant ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; World Health Organization ; Young Adult