Objective To study the relationship between ischemic mitral regurgitation and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets in patients with coronary artery disease and papillary muscle dysfunction by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) ,and to evaluate anatomy and pathophysiology mechanicm of the ischemic mitral regurgitation with left ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction .Methods A total of 84 subjects were enrolled in this study .All of the subjects were divided into group A (healthy volunteers constituted the control group ,n =40) ,group B (chronic inferior or posterior myocardial infarction patients with papillary muscle dysfunction group ,n =44) ,group C(patients from group B after mitral valvuloplasty surgery ,n = 20) .The relationship between mitral regurgitation and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus were studied by TEE .Results Geometric angle between the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus were significantly larger in group B ,and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus was positive correlated with degree of mitral regurgitation .Degree of mitral regurgitation significantly reduced in group C ,no significant difference was found at the geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular compared with group A .Conclusions The degree of mitral regurgitation were highly correlated with geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular in patients with left ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction caused by coronary heart disease .Repair of the mitral valve leaflets surgery can significantly reduce geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular ,and reduce the degree of mitral regurgitation significantly .

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Hiru doid,Sufu and Musk Hemorrhoids Ointment on preventing peripheral chemothera?peutic phlebitis due to continuous infusion of 5?fluorouracil. Methods Totally 90 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with continuous infusion of 5?fluorouracil were recruited and randomly divided into Hirudoid group,Sufu group and Musk Hemorrhoids Ointment group, with 30 cases in each group. Three groups were applied with drugs respectively along the vein punctured while connecting the pump of 5?fluorouracil 3 times a day(each time interval of 6 hours)for 5 consecutive days. The occurrence of chemotherapy phlebitis was observed and recorded. Results Musk Hemorrhoids Ointment and Sufu were more effective than Hirudoid in reducing the incidence of phlebitis and relieving the degree of venous in?jury(P<0.05);however,there were no differences between Musk Hemorrhoids Ointment and Sufu(P>0.05). Musk Hemorrhoids Ointment was the most effective among the three in relieving the pain caused by phlebitis(P<0.05). There were no difference between Sufu and Hirudoid(P>0.05). Conclusion Musk Hemorrhoids Ointment can effectively prevent peripheral chemotherapeutic phlebitis caused by continuous infusion of 5?fluorouracil with affordable expense which is worthy of promotion in clinic use.

Fatty acids of Ralstonia solanacearum cultured under different temperatures, times, pH values and cultural media were detected by using gas chromatography (GC) method. Rs-J.1.4-010704-01v, a viru- lent strain of R. solanacearum isolated from ginger was chosen for the experiment. The results showed that the kind of fatty acid of Rs-J.1.4-010704-01v fluctuated from 14 to 33. The contents of its three plentiful fatty acids, C16:1?7c/C15:0 ISO 2OH, C16:0 and C18:1?7c (with retain times of 10.644, 10.950 and 14.177 min, respectively), also varied in a range of 55.66% to 75.69%. The diversification of the bacterium’s fatty acids at various cultural conditions was clustered into four groups by cluster analysis, according to the kinds and percentage contents of the fatty acids detected. The pathogenicities of Rs-J.1.4-010704-01v under 20?C and 25?C were deduced to be mid-virulent, with C16:0 less than C16:1?7c/C15:0 ISO 2OH. The bac- terium showed as a virulent strain under the other cultural conditions including 30?C~40?C, 24 h~96 h, pH 5~9 and four cultural media (LB、NA、TTC and TSB), with C16:0 more than C16:1?7c/C15:0 ISO 2OH.However, the difference between C16:0 and C16:1?7c/C15:0 ISO 2OH raised significantly from 2.35 to 13.23 under 40?C and 48 h~96 h. Meanwhile, the kind of fatty acid increased more than 30 as the cultural time increased. It was concluded that temperature and cultural time had more significant effects on the fatty acid composition of R. solanacearum than pH value and cultural medium.

Objective To discuss the efficacy of application combination Of minimal immunosuppressive drugs in chronic allograft nephropathy after renal transplantation. Methods Data were drawn from the First Hospital of Tsinghua University.From September 1,2004 to July 1,2006,31 cadaver kidney transplantations were performed using triple immunosuppression with tacrolimus(n=31)and MMF plus steroids before using new strategy.The new strategy is Rapamycin+tacrolimus+MMF+Prednisone.The serum ereatinine,GFR(ml/min/1.73 m2)and 24-hours urine protein before and after 12 months of using lOW dose combination of calcineurin inhibitors,MMF,Rapamune,Predsone and Q80 were recorded.During this time,the concentration of tacrolimus,rapamune were monitored as well. Results After 12 months follow-up,the serum creatinine of 28 patients were decreased from(300±21)μmol/L to(215±38)μmol/L.GFR(ml/min/1.73m2)was elevated from 42.54±2.95 to 49.98±3.05.Three patients whose serum creatinine was 416-464μmol/L had to take hemodialysis.The 24-hours urine protein(g)of 31 patients below 0.8 g did not increase urine protein during follow-up.One patient's 24-hours urine protein(g)increased from 0.95 to 1.29.The patient and graft survival rate was 100%(31/31),90.3%(28/31)respectively.The rapamune main side effect was hyperlipidemia. Conclusions Rapamune and low dose Tacrolimus+Myeophenolate Mofetil+Corticosteroid could be a safe treatment.It may improve renal function in chronic allograft nephropathy.

Objective To discuss the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of Biifdobacterium on intestinal tissue of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) newborn rats. Methods Seventy-five newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (born within 2 h) were randomly divided into five groups, each group with 15 rats. Group A was the NEC model group, and the rats were fed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and formula. Group B was the Biifdobacterium treatment group, and the rats were fed LPS and formula and Biifdobacterium micro-capsule. Group C was the artificial feeding control group, and the rats were fed formula. Group D was the Biifdobacterium control group, and the rats were fed formula and Biifdobacterium micro-capsule. Group E was the breastfeeding control group, and the rats were fed rat breast milk by mothers. LPS 30 mg/kg was administered by gavage once per day for 3 days. Bifidobacterium micro-capsules were given as 1×1010 colony forming units/ml by gavage with formula once per day. After fed for 72 h and fasted for 12 h, the five groups of rats were killed by decapitation. Morphological changes in the terminal ileum tissue were observed under a light microscope and intestinal injury was scored. The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, and nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB p65 was detected by immunohistochemical methods. Kruskal-Wallis test, analysis of variance, corrected Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistics. Results The morbidity of NEC in group A to E was 11/15, 4/15, 3/15, 2/15 and 0/15, respectively;the intestinal injury score in group A to E was 3.37±0.27, 1.53±0.44, 1.75±0.37, 0.92±0.39 and 0.30±0.18, respectively; the expression level of TLR2 in group A to E was 0.35±0.05, 0.30±0.03, 0.32±0.04, 0.30±0.02 and 0.29±0.03, respectively;the expression level of TLR4 in group A to E was 0.48±0.05, 0.34±0.03, 0.36±0.03, 0.37±0.04 and 0.35±0.02, respectively;the expression level of NF-κB p65 in group A to E was 0.43±0.03, 0.29±0.03, 0.35±0.02, 0.32±0.02 and 0.30±0.02, respectively. The differences in NEC morbidity, intestinal injury score, and the expression levels of TLR4, TLR2 and NF-κB p65 among the five groups were all statistically significant (χ2, H or F=23.863, 70.290, 8.803, 38.599 and 75.076, respectively, all P<0.05). The values in the NEC model group were all significantly higher than those in the other four groups (all P<0.05). The morbidity of NEC in the Biifdobacterium treatment group compared with the three control groups was not significantly different (all P > 0.05). The intestinal injury score in the Bifidobacterium treatment group was significantly higher than that in the Bifidobacterium control group and the breastfeeding control group (both P < 0.01), but was not significantly different to that in the artificial feeding control group (P > 0.05). The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in the Biifdobacterium treatment group were significantly lower than those in the artificial feeding control group and the Biifdobacterium control group (all P < 0.05), and were not significantly different to those in the breastfeeding control group (P>0.05). The expression level of TLR2 in the Biifdobacterium treatment group compared with the three control groups was not significantly different (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Biifdobacterium may inhibit pathogenic bacteria or regulate the negative feedback of TLR2 to reduce the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in intestinal mucosa cells, inhibit the NF-κB pathway, attenuate the inflammatory reaction, and play a role in the prevention and control of NEC.

This study aimed at evaluating the quality of the precise powder decoction pieces (PPDP) of L.japonicae Flos (LJF) compared with the traditional commercial slices with chemical fingerprint methods and DNA molecular identification technology.Different specifications of PPDP were prepared,their dry extract contents were in contrast with that of commercial slices.The three batches of commercial slices were collected,and the content uniformity,fingerprint and similarity evaluation before and after the mixing and pulverization were studied by HPLC-DAD and DNA sequence alignment.As a result,the paste rate of PPDP was slightly higher than that of the traditional commercial slices.The dissolution of chlorogenic acid of PPDP was higher than that of the traditional commercial slices.RSD of inter-assay dissolutions of chlorogenic acid of commercial slices was 11.93％,which was reduced to 8.29％ after mixing and preparing into PPDP.The fingerprint showed that the slimilarity of the fringerprint of the mixed and powdered LJF was elevated with 7 common peaks.All the common peaks were increased at different levels.In conclusion,compared with traditional commercial slices of LJF,PPDP apparently improved the dissolution rate and the quality uniformity,indicating that the boiled powder of CRP obviously presented vantages in clinic.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of two intense pulsed light (IPL) devices for the treatment of facial photoaging.Methods A randomized split-face clinical trial was conducted,and 30 female subjects with facial photoaging were enrolled and randomized to receive treatment with Lumenis One on one half of the face and BBL on the other facial side,once every 3-5 weeks for 5 sessions.Each subject was followed up before the first treatment (the first interview),4 weeks after the third treatment (the second interview),4 weeks after the fifth treatment (the third interview) and 8 weeks after the fifth treatment (the fourth interview).During each follow-up period,global scores for photoaging (GSP) were used to evaluate the photoaging degree on the whole face,a 4-level grading method was applied to evaluate the improvement degree of 5 photoaging signs on each facial side,including wrinkles,skin texture,pigmented spots,telangiectasia and skin tightening,and the visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain induced by treatment.After the last treatment,self-assessment on the degree of satisfaction with therapeutic effects was conducted in subjects.Comparisons in the GSP and improvement scores between the two facial sides were conducted by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results A total of 26 subjects completed all the treatments and follow-up.Evaluation of the whole face showed that the GSP significantly decreased from 3.19 ± 0.75 before the first treatment to 2.15 ± 0.83 at 4 weeks after the third treatment (P ＜ 0.01).At 4 and 8 weeks after the fifth treatment,the GSP decreased to 1.85 ± 0.88 and 1.85 ± 0.97 respectively,and no significant difference was observed between the two GSPs (P ＞ 0.01).Evaluation of each facial side showed that improvement scores of skin texture,pigmented spots,telangiectasia and skin tightening on the two facial sides all increased at first and then decreased over the treatment time (Ftime =18.75,10.25,12.83,15.73,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05),and the improvement scores significantly increased at 4 weeks after the fifth treatment compared with those at 4 weeks after the third treatment (all P ＜ 0.017).There were no significant differences in the improvement scores of skin texture,telangiectasia and skin tightening between the third and the fourth interview,but the improvement score of pigmented spots decreased slightly at 8 weeks after the fifth treatment compared with that at 4 weeks after the fifth treatment (P ＜ 0.017).During the whole treatment period,no evident improvement was observed in wrinkles (Ftime =3.17,P ＞ 0.05),and improvement scores of 5 photoaging signs did not differ between the Lumenis One-treated side and BBL-treated side (all P ＞ 0.05).In addition,the VAS pain score was significantly lower in the BBL-treated side than that in the Lumenis One-treated side (4.62 ± 1.54 vs.5.80 ± 1.74,t =2.87,P ＜ 0.05).Most subjects were satisfied with the therapeutic effects (88.46％,23/26).Conclusion Both Lumenis One and BBL can be applied to treat facial photoaging safely and effectively,and improve signs of photoaging such as pigmented spots and skin texture,but the degree of pain on the BBL-treated side is milder than that on the Lumenis One-treated side.

Objective:To analyze a Risk Scale for Emergence Agitation After General Anesthesia in Children (the EA risk scale) into simplified Chinese and evaluate the reliability and validity in children with strabismus correction surgery.Methods:After obtaining the authorization of the original author, the English version of the EA risk scale was translated, translated back and culturally debugged to form the Chinese version of the EA risk scale. Then 279 children with strabismus correction surgery were selected from a tertiary hospital of ophthalmology in Tianjin and were investigated to validate the scale.Results:The correlation coefficients of each item and the total score of the scale were respectively 0.768 (item 1) ,0.717(item 2), 0.676(item 3), 0.634(item 4) (all P < 0.01). Content validity index of the scale was 0.920, and each item was 0.80-1.00. One factors including 4 items were identified using exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 62.052% of the total variance. The optimal cut-off value for the EA risk in children was 10, with the AUG was 0.816, specificity of 0.704, and sensitivity of 0.839. The Cronbach α coefficient for the total scale was 0.819, and the intraclass correlation coefficient value between the scorers was 0.835. Conclusion:The Chinese version of the EA risk scale has good reliability and validity. The items are concise, clear, and easy to understand. It is suitable for clinical departments as a preliminary screening tool to identify emergence agitation after general anesthesia on children with strabismus correction surgery and to assess the risk of its occurrence.

Objectives To detect the expression of serum high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and explore its changes in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods Intraperitoneal injection of 20％ L-arginine in the dosage of 250 mg/100 g twice every 1 hour was used to establish ANP rat model.Intraperitoneal injection of normal saline solution in equal volume was performed in control rats.Rats were sacrificed at 6 h,18 h,24 h,36 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h after injection.Blood samples were collected to detect serum amylase and HMGB1 level.Pancreatic tissue was collected for pathological examination.Realtime PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expression of HMGB1 in pancreatic tissue.Werstem blot was used to determine HMGB1 protein expression in pancreatic tissue.Results Serum amylase level began to increase at 6 h after modeling,reached the peak at 18 h [(5 070 ± 603) U/L] and returned to normal level after 48 h.Serum amylase activity at 6 h and 18 h in ANP group was much higher than that in control group (1 844 ± 181)U/L(P＜0.05).The expression of HMGB1 began to increase at 6 h,reached to the peak at 36 h [(288.5 ±42.1)μg/L],and then decreased gradually.HMGB1 expressions at each time point in ANP group were significantly higher than those in control group (31.6 ± 10.1) μg/L],and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Pathological scores in pancreatic tissues in ANP group were higher than those in control group 0.38 ± 0.52,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).HMGB1 mRNA expressions at t 6 h,18 h,24 h,36 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h in ANP group were 1.23 ±0.25,2.60 ± 0.46,3.23 ± 0.34,4.77 ± 0.66,2.88 ± 0.56,2.05 ± 0.20,1.33 ± 0.28,which were significantly higher than those in control group 0.44 ± 0.09,and the relative expression of HMGB1 in ANP group at 36 h was significantly higher than those at other time points (all P ＜ 0.05).HMGB1 protein expression in pancreatic tissue in ANP group at 6 h,18 h,36 h,72 h were 1.14 ±0.02,1.15 ±0.01,1.22 ±0.01,1.22 ±0.04,which obviously higher than those in control group(1.0),and HMGB1 expression in ANP group at 36 h was higher than those at other time points (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HMGB1 may participate in systematic inflammation as one of the late inflammatory mediators during ANP.

Objective To investigate the effect of the Gardenia extracts T9 on herpes simplex virus (HSV) viral protein 16(VP16) in HSV-1 infected mice's brains and its potential anti-viral mechanism. Methods HSV-1 infection was induced in BALB/c mice, the expression of HSV VP16 was detected by RTPCR on the 4th, 7th, 10th, 14th, and 21st day. Results The expression of VP16 mRNA decreased in both groups of large and low doses compared with virus group at the same time. Conclusion Gardenia extracts T9 can down-regulate the expression of VP16 mRNA in HSV infected mice's brains, and it may be one of its anti-HSV mechanisms.