Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a rare progressive motor neuron disease.Sialorrhoea is one of the common symptoms which influenced the patient's quality of life.This paper reviewed the treatments for sialorrhoea in ALS patients.

Objective To explore the characteristics of the interactions between traditional laxative medicine Cannabis Fructus and human gut microflora. Methods HPLC method was used to determine the content of the main unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid in Cannabis Fructus Decoction. At the same time, solid culture and liquid culture in vitro anaerobic culture method were combined with 16 S rRNA technology to analyze the interactions between Cannabis Fructus Decotion and human gut microflora. Moreover, the metabolits of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in Cannabis Fructus Decoction by human intestinal microflora were determined using HPLC method. At the same time, the possible conjugated linolenic acid and linoleic acid were determined. Results Cannabis Fructus Decoction promoted the growth of Proteobacteria significantly, which showed that Escherichia-shigella was significantly increased (P < 0.01), but the growth of Bacteroidetes was decreased (P < 0.01), and the content of unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid in Cannabis Fructus Decoction were reduced after being incubated with human intestinal bacteria, and the metabolites were conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid. Conclusion The interactions between Cannabis Fructus Decoction and human intestinal microflora are obvious. The Chinese medicine can change the structure of the gut microflora, and the gut microflora can metabolize the drug components. This analysis method partially restores the pharmacokinetics process of the oral administration drug in the human intestinal tract. It could provide a new insight of the mechanism research of Cannabis Fructus.

ObjectiveTo assess the differential diagnostic value of serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)in distinguishing intestinal ischemia patients from acute abdomen patients.MethodsA total of 151 patients with acute abdomen and 17 healthy controls from the PLA General Hospital were enrolled from November,2009 to August,2011. Serum I-FABP levels were measured by ELISA.According to the ROC curve,the cut-off value,sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio (PLR),negative likelihood ratio ( NLR),positive predietive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. ResultsOf the 151 acute abdomen patients,there were 24 intestinal ischemia patients and 127 without intestinal ischemia.Serum I-FABP level in intestinal ischemia group [( 109.67 ±48.82) μg/L]was significantly higher than those in patients without intestinal ischemia [(36.78 ± 11.25) μg/L]and healthy controls[(8.33 ±6.25) μg/L]( all P values ＜0.01 ).The serum I-FABP cut-off value for the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia was 87.52 μg/L.Serum I-FABP was efficient in terms of sensitivity (0.762),NPV(0.963),PLR(3.05) and NLR (0.24) in the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia.ConclusionI-FABP is potentially useful for discriminating intestinal ischemia from acute abdomen.

Objective To investigate the clinical treatment of nonpenetrated cornea trauma caused by crops. Methods Clinical data of 128 cases of nonpenetrated cornea trauma caused by crops were retrospectively analyzed. According to the interval time between occurrence of trauma and clinic visiting, the patients were divided into 3 groups:group A (33 cases,<24 h), group B (72 cases, 24 h≤interval time<1 week) and group C (23 cases, ≥ 1 week). The therapeutic effects and prognosis were analyzed. Results There was statistical difference in the incidence of corneal ulcer among group A, group B and group C: 6.1% (2/33), 62.5% (45/72) and 100.0% (23/23), χ2= 52.32, P<0.01. In group B, 12 cases were treated with conjunctival flap covering, 2 cases received keratoplasty and 2 cases undertook enucleation. In group C, 10 cases were treated with conjunctival flap covering, 4 cases received keratoplasty and 2 patients undertook enucleation finally. All the other patients were cured with local debridement and medical treatment. Conclusions Patients with nonpenetrated cornea trauma caused by crops may develop infectious keratitis, and prompt and proper treatment can avoid the secondary infection and improve the outcome. Local debridement in combination with iodophors disinfection can prevent the incidence of infectious keratitis. Conjunctival flap covering is an effective technique in the treatment of corneal ulcer caused by nonpenetrated cornea trauma.

Aim To investigate JAKs/STATs signal transduction change in HL-60 cells differentiation induced by diallyl disulfide(DADS)and molecular mechanism regulating the differentiation.Methods After incubation of HL-60 cells with DADS or AG490(50 ?mol?L -1),the cell differentiation indexes were observed by cytomorphology, NBT reduction ability assay,cell myeloid differentiation antigen CD11b by flow cytometry. Kinase activity of JAKs/STATs was tested by western-blotting and expressions of nucleus transcription genes stats,c-myc,c-fos,c-jun were detected by immumocyte chemistry method.Results Cell differentiation index changes indicated that HL-60 cells were induced differentiation toward granulocytic lineage by DADS, Western blot test demonstrated that constitive phosphorylation of Jak1,stat3 kinase was suppressed. Stat3,c-myc gene expression decreased and c-fos, c-jun gene expression increased in HL-60 cells treated with DADS through immunocyte chemistry.Conclusion Inhibition of phosphative Jak1, Stat3 was involved in HL-60 cells differentiation induced by DADS, its molecular mechanism might be related to modulation of gene expression associated proliferation and differentiation,and inhibition of DNA systhesis, induction differentiation.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and characteristic of auxiliary examination of neuralgic amyotrophy(NA).Methods8 patients with idiopathic neuralgic amyotrophy were analyzed retrospectively with literature review.Results and ConclusionAntecedent events were found before attack in 5 patients.Serious pain,which was followed by paresis and atrophy,as initial symptom,was found in 7 patients.Damage in the upper and middle trunk distribution occurred most frequently.Elevated liver enzymes were found during the early phase of their attacks in 2 patients.CSF analysis was performed in 5 patients,and mildly elevated protein was found in two.5 patients had been misdiagnosed as cervical spondylosis.After medical and/or physical therapy(6 patients with corticosteroid and physical therapy,2 only with physical therapy),all the patients had been followed up for 2～13 months.Muscle power was recovered in 67% of all the patients,partially recovered in 33%.

AIM To investigate the proliferation inhibition and inducing differentiation effect of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on human acute myeloid cell line HL 60. METHODS Inhibition of HL 60 cell proliferation was shown by MTT assay; cell differentiation was determined by morphologic observation,the ability of NBT reduction activity and flow cytometric detection. RESULTS DADS has significant anti proliferative effect on HL 60 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The reduction ability of NBT and cell surface differentiation antigens CD11b had significantly increased( P

Objective To compared analgesic effect of sufentanil and fentanyl in surgery patients during mechanical ventilation, and to explore the rational dosage of analgesic and sedative drugs. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. 600 postoperative critically ill patients underwent mechanical ventilation for 12-72 hours admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from April 2013 to March 2015 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups, sufentanil and fentanyl was used for analgesia respectively, and 300 patients in each group. The initiate dosage of sufentanil and fentanil was 5 μg/h and 50 μg/h, and the dosage was adjusted. A postoperative pain score (Prince-Henry score) of 0-1, and Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) score -1-0 were targeted. 1 mg/kg of propofol was used if patient could not fall in sleep or felt anxious after loading dose of sufentanil (5 μg) or fentanil (50 μg) for 5 minutes. The use of analgesic drugs, the proportion and dosage of propofol was observed in the two groups, and adverse reactions were recorded. Results The mean dose of sufentanil for analgesia was (0.07±0.02) μg·kg-1·h-1, and the mean dose of fentanyl was (0.67±0.12) μg·kg-1·h-1. The patients in the two groups received propofol 40 to 60 mg/h in night, and the use proportion of propofol in sufentanil group was slightly less than that in fentanyl group (25.7% vs. 28.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). It was found by subgroup age analysis that, the mean analgesic dose of sufentanil or fentanyl in patients over 80 years old was lower than that in 70-79 years, 60-69 years and < 60 years groups but without statistical significance. There were 11 cases (3.7%) and 21 cases (7.0%) patients suffered from respiratory depression in sufentanil group and fentanyl group, respectively, without statistical significance (P = 0.069). The hemodynamics of patients in two groups was stable during analgesia, and no accidental extubation due to restlessness was found. Conclusions A smaller dose of sufentanil for postoperative patients underwent mechanical ventilation with satisfactory analgesia was (0.07±0.02) μg·kg-1·h-1, but need to be added with 40-60 mg/h and a small dose of propofol to improve anxiety and sleep. The proportion of patients needing propofol addition was slightly lower than that of fentanyl.

Aim To study the effects of cycle arrest and molecular mechanism in human leukemia HL-60 cells induced by diallyl disulfide ( DADS ) . Methods Cell count, colony formation in soft agar experiments and flow cytometry analysis were employed to observe the DADS-induced cell growth inhibition and the effect of cycle arrest in HL-60 cells. The expressions of Chk1/2 and its downstream element in HL-60 cells were detected by Western blot. Results Cell count revealed that population doubling time increased to 35. 03 h and 71. 82 h, respectively, from 19. 14 h in HL-60 cells treated with 60 and 120 μmol·L-1 DADS ( P<0. 05 ) . Colony formation in soft agar experiments showed that colony formation inhibition rate of HL-60 cells exposed to 30, 60, 90 and 120μmol·L-1 DADS increased to 35. 06%, 62. 10%, 93. 79% and 99. 35%, respectively ( P<0. 05 ) . Flow cytometry a-nalysis exhibited that HL-60 cells treated with 60 and 120 μmol · L-1 DADS for 24 h and 48 h arrested in G2/M phase in a concentration-and time-dependent manner ( P <0. 05 ) . Western blot disclosed that the expression of p-Chk1 increased in a time-dependent manner ( P <0. 05 ); however, Chk1, Chk2 and p-Chk2 were not changed in HL-60 cells treated with 60μmol·L-1 DADS (P >0. 05). The expression of Cdc25C, CyclinB1 and CDK1 decreased after treated with 60 μmol·L-1 DADS in a time-dependent manner ( P<0. 05 ) , but the expression of 14-3-3 protein did not change ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusion DADS can in-hibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells, and induce G2/M arrest through Chk1/Cdc25 C/CyclinB1/CDK1 path-way.

Aim Toresearchthemolecularmecha-nisms of DADS-induced apoptosis in human leukemia K562cells.Methods Cellviabilitywasmeasuredby MTT. Levels of DADS-induced ROS were measured by 2ˊ, 7ˊ-dichlorofluorescein diacetate ( DCFH-DA) fluo-rescence. DADS-induced mRNA levels of components of the NADPH oxidase were detected by Real-time PCR. The combination of protein Rac2 and p67phox was measured by immunoprecipitation assays. Flow cy-tometry methods were used to determine the percentage of apoptosis cells. DADS-induced Rac2 levels were measuredbyWesternblot.Results TheDADS-trea-ted K562 cells showed a dose-and time-dependent de-crease in cell viability and proliferation. There was sig-nificant up-regulation of the mRNA level of components of the NADPH oxidase complex in K562 cells after treatment with 6 mg·L-1 DADS for 6 h. Western blot results revealed that, compared with the control group, there was a significant up-regulation of Rac2 protein in K562 cells treated with 5. 0 and 10. 0 mg·L-1 DADS for 24h. And Rac2 combined with p67phox in DADS-induced apoptosis in K562 cells. PMA markedly in-creased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and DPI re-duced the percentage of apoptotic cells in DADS-in-duced K562 cells. Levels of DADS-induced ROS, also showed enhancement when exposed in PMA, but there was no DADS-induced ROS production evident when exposed in DPI in DADS induced K562 cells. Conclu-sions TheseresultsindicatethatNADPHoxidaseis the main source of DADS-induced ROS production. Diallyl disulfide induces apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells through activation of NADPH oxidase.