Objective To explore the characteristics of the interactions between traditional laxative medicine Cannabis Fructus and human gut microflora. Methods HPLC method was used to determine the content of the main unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid in Cannabis Fructus Decoction. At the same time, solid culture and liquid culture in vitro anaerobic culture method were combined with 16 S rRNA technology to analyze the interactions between Cannabis Fructus Decotion and human gut microflora. Moreover, the metabolits of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in Cannabis Fructus Decoction by human intestinal microflora were determined using HPLC method. At the same time, the possible conjugated linolenic acid and linoleic acid were determined. Results Cannabis Fructus Decoction promoted the growth of Proteobacteria significantly, which showed that Escherichia-shigella was significantly increased (P < 0.01), but the growth of Bacteroidetes was decreased (P < 0.01), and the content of unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid in Cannabis Fructus Decoction were reduced after being incubated with human intestinal bacteria, and the metabolites were conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid. Conclusion The interactions between Cannabis Fructus Decoction and human intestinal microflora are obvious. The Chinese medicine can change the structure of the gut microflora, and the gut microflora can metabolize the drug components. This analysis method partially restores the pharmacokinetics process of the oral administration drug in the human intestinal tract. It could provide a new insight of the mechanism research of Cannabis Fructus.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a rare progressive motor neuron disease.Sialorrhoea is one of the common symptoms which influenced the patient's quality of life.This paper reviewed the treatments for sialorrhoea in ALS patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical treatment of nonpenetrated cornea trauma caused by crops. Methods Clinical data of 128 cases of nonpenetrated cornea trauma caused by crops were retrospectively analyzed. According to the interval time between occurrence of trauma and clinic visiting, the patients were divided into 3 groups:group A (33 cases,<24 h), group B (72 cases, 24 h≤interval time<1 week) and group C (23 cases, ≥ 1 week). The therapeutic effects and prognosis were analyzed. Results There was statistical difference in the incidence of corneal ulcer among group A, group B and group C: 6.1% (2/33), 62.5% (45/72) and 100.0% (23/23), χ2= 52.32, P<0.01. In group B, 12 cases were treated with conjunctival flap covering, 2 cases received keratoplasty and 2 cases undertook enucleation. In group C, 10 cases were treated with conjunctival flap covering, 4 cases received keratoplasty and 2 patients undertook enucleation finally. All the other patients were cured with local debridement and medical treatment. Conclusions Patients with nonpenetrated cornea trauma caused by crops may develop infectious keratitis, and prompt and proper treatment can avoid the secondary infection and improve the outcome. Local debridement in combination with iodophors disinfection can prevent the incidence of infectious keratitis. Conjunctival flap covering is an effective technique in the treatment of corneal ulcer caused by nonpenetrated cornea trauma.

ObjectiveTo assess the differential diagnostic value of serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)in distinguishing intestinal ischemia patients from acute abdomen patients.MethodsA total of 151 patients with acute abdomen and 17 healthy controls from the PLA General Hospital were enrolled from November,2009 to August,2011. Serum I-FABP levels were measured by ELISA.According to the ROC curve,the cut-off value,sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio (PLR),negative likelihood ratio ( NLR),positive predietive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. ResultsOf the 151 acute abdomen patients,there were 24 intestinal ischemia patients and 127 without intestinal ischemia.Serum I-FABP level in intestinal ischemia group [( 109.67 ±48.82) μg/L]was significantly higher than those in patients without intestinal ischemia [(36.78 ± 11.25) μg/L]and healthy controls[(8.33 ±6.25) μg/L]( all P values ＜0.01 ).The serum I-FABP cut-off value for the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia was 87.52 μg/L.Serum I-FABP was efficient in terms of sensitivity (0.762),NPV(0.963),PLR(3.05) and NLR (0.24) in the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia.ConclusionI-FABP is potentially useful for discriminating intestinal ischemia from acute abdomen.

Aim To investigate JAKs/STATs signal transduction change in HL-60 cells differentiation induced by diallyl disulfide(DADS)and molecular mechanism regulating the differentiation.Methods After incubation of HL-60 cells with DADS or AG490(50 ?mol?L -1),the cell differentiation indexes were observed by cytomorphology, NBT reduction ability assay,cell myeloid differentiation antigen CD11b by flow cytometry. Kinase activity of JAKs/STATs was tested by western-blotting and expressions of nucleus transcription genes stats,c-myc,c-fos,c-jun were detected by immumocyte chemistry method.Results Cell differentiation index changes indicated that HL-60 cells were induced differentiation toward granulocytic lineage by DADS, Western blot test demonstrated that constitive phosphorylation of Jak1,stat3 kinase was suppressed. Stat3,c-myc gene expression decreased and c-fos, c-jun gene expression increased in HL-60 cells treated with DADS through immunocyte chemistry.Conclusion Inhibition of phosphative Jak1, Stat3 was involved in HL-60 cells differentiation induced by DADS, its molecular mechanism might be related to modulation of gene expression associated proliferation and differentiation,and inhibition of DNA systhesis, induction differentiation.

AIM To investigate the proliferation inhibition and inducing differentiation effect of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on human acute myeloid cell line HL 60. METHODS Inhibition of HL 60 cell proliferation was shown by MTT assay; cell differentiation was determined by morphologic observation,the ability of NBT reduction activity and flow cytometric detection. RESULTS DADS has significant anti proliferative effect on HL 60 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The reduction ability of NBT and cell surface differentiation antigens CD11b had significantly increased( P

Objective To investigate the clinical features and characteristic of auxiliary examination of neuralgic amyotrophy(NA).Methods8 patients with idiopathic neuralgic amyotrophy were analyzed retrospectively with literature review.Results and ConclusionAntecedent events were found before attack in 5 patients.Serious pain,which was followed by paresis and atrophy,as initial symptom,was found in 7 patients.Damage in the upper and middle trunk distribution occurred most frequently.Elevated liver enzymes were found during the early phase of their attacks in 2 patients.CSF analysis was performed in 5 patients,and mildly elevated protein was found in two.5 patients had been misdiagnosed as cervical spondylosis.After medical and/or physical therapy(6 patients with corticosteroid and physical therapy,2 only with physical therapy),all the patients had been followed up for 2～13 months.Muscle power was recovered in 67% of all the patients,partially recovered in 33%.

Aim To study the effects of cycle arrest and molecular mechanism in human leukemia HL-60 cells induced by diallyl disulfide ( DADS ) . Methods Cell count, colony formation in soft agar experiments and flow cytometry analysis were employed to observe the DADS-induced cell growth inhibition and the effect of cycle arrest in HL-60 cells. The expressions of Chk1/2 and its downstream element in HL-60 cells were detected by Western blot. Results Cell count revealed that population doubling time increased to 35. 03 h and 71. 82 h, respectively, from 19. 14 h in HL-60 cells treated with 60 and 120 μmol·L-1 DADS ( P<0. 05 ) . Colony formation in soft agar experiments showed that colony formation inhibition rate of HL-60 cells exposed to 30, 60, 90 and 120μmol·L-1 DADS increased to 35. 06%, 62. 10%, 93. 79% and 99. 35%, respectively ( P<0. 05 ) . Flow cytometry a-nalysis exhibited that HL-60 cells treated with 60 and 120 μmol · L-1 DADS for 24 h and 48 h arrested in G2/M phase in a concentration-and time-dependent manner ( P <0. 05 ) . Western blot disclosed that the expression of p-Chk1 increased in a time-dependent manner ( P <0. 05 ); however, Chk1, Chk2 and p-Chk2 were not changed in HL-60 cells treated with 60μmol·L-1 DADS (P >0. 05). The expression of Cdc25C, CyclinB1 and CDK1 decreased after treated with 60 μmol·L-1 DADS in a time-dependent manner ( P<0. 05 ) , but the expression of 14-3-3 protein did not change ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusion DADS can in-hibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells, and induce G2/M arrest through Chk1/Cdc25 C/CyclinB1/CDK1 path-way.

Background:Fenretinide,which is capable of generating reactive oxygen species( ROS ),has emerged as a promising antineoplastic agent based on numerous in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical chemoprevention trials. Preliminary studies showed that fenretinide could induce apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma( HCC)cells in vitro, however,the precise mechanism was not clarified. Aims:To elucidate the effect of ROS on apoptosis of human HCC cells induced by fenretinide and the underlying mechanism. Methods:Human HCC cell line Huh-7 was treated with antioxidant vitamin E,fenretinide or their combination,respectively. ROS in live cells was evaluated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry;cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit and Caspase-Glo3/7 Assay Kit;expression and intracellular localization of nuclear receptor Nur77,as well as expression of stress-induced transcription factor GADD153 were measured by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting,respectively. Results:Vitamin E pretreatment fully blocked the fenretinide-induced ROS production. In Huh-7 cells pretreated with vitamin E,cell apoptosis induced by fenretinide was significantly reduced(P<0. 05). Furthermore,effect of vitamin E pretreatment was noteworthy on reducing fenretinide-induced GADD153 expression, while no significant impact on fenretinide-induced Nur77 expression and translocation was observed. Conclusions:Elimination of ROS by vitamin E can abrogate the pro-apoptotic effect of fenretinide on Huh-7 cells,which indicates the participation of ROS in fenretinide-induced apoptosis of human HCC cells. Its mechanism might be associated with induction of GADD153 protein expression.

Objective To study the influence of postnatal high protein feeding on learning and memory abilities of preterm rats.Methods After weaning,the SD offspring were divided into 6 groups randomly according random digits table:preterm standard protein group (group A),term standard protein group (group B),preterm low protein group (group C),term low protein group (group D),preterm high protein group (group E),and term high protein group (group F),with 34 rats in each group.Starting from 22 days of age,the standard protein group,low-protein group and the high-protein group were respectively fed with a standard protein diet (containing 18％ protein),low-protein diet (containing 8％ protein) and a high-protein diet (containing 30％ protein) until the end of experiment.Within each group,the rats were respectively tested in 6 weeks and 8 weeks.Morris water maze task was performed to assess the learning and memory abilities of the premature rats.Results 1.Directional navigation experiments:(1) At the age of 6 weeks,the escape latencies to find the platform were shortened with increased training times for full-term rats.The escape latencies of the premature rats did not change significantly on the third and fourth day of the experiment.(2) At the age of 8 weeks,the escape latencies to find the platform were shortened with increased training time for all of the rats.2.Probe trial test:(1)At the age of 6 weeks,premature rats spent significantly less time in target quadrant than full-time rats.And the percent age of traveled distance in target quadrant of premature rats was significantly less than full term rats (P ＜ 0.05).(2) At the age of 8 weeks,group E [(68.48 ± 20.65) s] spent significantly greater time in target quadrant than group A and group C [group A(52.41 ± 11.24) s,group C (49.54 ± 11.04) s].And the percent age of traveled distance in target quadrant of group E [(36.56 ± 10.44) ％] were significantly higher than group A and group C [group A (29.83 ± 8.33) ％,group C (26.97 ± 5.41) ％] (P ＜ 0.05).(3) At the age of 8 weeks,group E spent time in target quadrant and the percent of traveled distance in target quadrant [(68.48 ± 20.65) s,(36.56 ±10.44)％] were higher than group F [(61.29 ± 16.27) s,(35.71 ±6.61)％],but there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In the early growth and development process of the brain,premature birth may seriously affect early brain functions in rats,and the learning and cognitive abilities of the premature rats are worse than full-term rats.In the subsequent process of growth and development,after a long time of high protein nutritional intake,the learning and cognitive abilities of the premature rats can be restored and they can catch up with full-term rats.