Objective To investigate the classification of major bacteria and pathogen strains before and after inner tubes disinfection within the trachea after the tracheotomy, and to compare the method of disinfection and the results. Methods 110 patients after tracheotomy were randomly selected, and tracheal tubes were sampled before the disinfection and were conducted a bacterial culture analysis. These tracheal tubes were disinfected by boiling for 20 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively. Then they were soaked in 75% ethanol, 2% glularaldehyde and 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively. The disinfection effects were compared among the four disinfection methods and disinfectants, and the two groups of disinfection time. Results 62 cases before the disinfection were sampled to make a bacterial culture. 89 strains in 18 species were cultivated, and no bacteria in six cases. Pathogenic bacteria and conditioned pathogen accounted for 80 percent (P<0.05). For the four disinfection methods including boiling disinfection, 75% ethanol, 2% glutaraldehyde and 3% hydrogen peroxide immersion disinfection, after 20 minutes of disinfection and immersion disinfection, 75% ethanol immersion disinfection had statistical meanings with the positive rates of boiling disinfection, 3% H2O2 and 2% glutaraldehyde soaking disinfection, respectively (P<0.05) ; After 30 minutes of disinfection, all of the four disinfection methods had no statistical meaning. Conclusions Pathogenic bacteria cultivated before the disinfection of tracheal tubes are much more than the non-pathogenic bacteria. Boiling disinfection for 20 minutes, 3% hydrogen peroxide and 2% glutaraldehyde disinfectant soaking for 20 minutes, and 75% ethanol immersion disinfection for 30 minutes can achieve good disinfection results. From the aspects of high efficiency, safety and low cost, 3% hydrogen peroxide is the best choice.

Objective To survey the status of health-promoting lifestyle among the clinical head nurses. Methods A total of 135 head nurses from 4 Grade-A hospitals in Shenzhen City were surveyed with the health-promoting way of life scale and general information questionnaire. Results The overall life level of the four hospitals nurses was (132.63 ±19.40)points; in the six sub-scales, the interpersonal relationship was the highest (25.37 ±4. 03) points, followed by self-realization (25.6 ±4. 15) points, the worst is the phsical exercise (17.08 ±4.69) points, stress management (20.05 ±3.71) points. Conclusions The head nurses pay less attention to the of health-promoting lifestyle. The Department of nursing management should guid and stimulate the potential of the head nurse to perform the positive health behavior become the real social role model.

Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Simendan/therapeutic use* ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction ; Heart Failure/drug therapy* ; Peptide Fragments ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biomarkers ; Prognosis