Central nervous system (CNS) injury, including brain injury and spinal cord injury, has higher disability and mortality. Therefore, CNS injury repair has been a research emphasis and focus in the field of neuroscience. The limited neurons intrinsic regenerative capacity in adult mammalians is one of the reasons of regeneration difficulties after CNS injury. However, the more important reason is the formation of inhibitive glial microenvironment at the local lesion sites. This article reviews the roles of all types of cells, such as astrocyte, microglia, taxi oligodendroglia in gtial microenvironment in CNS injury repair.

Objective To explore the value of Ligasure and Ultracision in total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Methods From January 2002 to December 2006,totally 225 patients received total laparoscopic hysterectomy in our hospital. Among the cases,Ligasure was used in 152 patients,and Ultracision were employed in 72. The clinical data of the patients were reviewed. Results The mean operation time in the Ligasure group was significantly shorter than that in the Ultracision group [(104.9?29.2) min vs. (152.4?46.6) min,t=-9.329,P=0.000]. And the mean blood loss of the Ligasure group was significantly less than that in the other group [(32.9?14.9) ml vs. (126.4?12.1) ml,t=-46.710,P=0.000]. In both the groups,no patient was converted to open surgery or developed complications or surgical injuries. Conclusions Both Ligasure and Ultracision are safe and effective for total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Ligasure is superior in the management of uterine vessels,while the Ultracision is more effective in opening the vesicle and separating the cardinal ligament.

Objective To understand occupational stress and burnout status of nurses working for general or cancer hospitals of Xinjiang so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and reduction of occupational stress and burnout of nurses.Methods A total of 497 nurses from a general hospital or a tertiary-level cancer hospital were recruited by using random sampling to learn their occupational stress and burnout.Results Of 497 participants,247 were working for comprehensive hospitals and 250 for cancer hospitals.In comparison with the norm,the nurses of general hospitals showed higher scores in occupational task dimension (t=14.316,P＜0.05) and personal strain dimension (t=25.416,P＜0.05),but lower scores in personal resource dimension (t=7.389,P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the nurses of cancer hospitals were found to have higher scores in occupational task dimension (t=15.840,P＜0.05) and personal strain dimension (t=15.694,P＜0.05),but lower scores in personal resource dimension (t=7.488,P＜0.05) when compared to the norm.Those working in general hospitals had higher scores in emotional exhaustion dimension (t=13.109,P＜0.05) and passive burnout dimension (t=13.198,P＜0.05) than the norm,while lower scores in professional sense dimension (t=17.716,P＜0.05).The nurses of cancer hospitals were observed to show higher scores in emotional exhaustion dimension (t=8.044,P＜0.05) and negative burnout dimension (t=1 1.111,P＜0.05) than the norm,while lower scores in professional sense dimension (t=20.820,P＜0.05).Conclusions Hospital managers should take efforts to control nurses' occupational stress and burnout-related factors so as to enhance their work initiative.

BACKGROUND:Insufficient source of seed cel s is the important factor to restrict the tissue reconstruction and the development of regenerative medicine.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the osteogenesis of adipose stem cel s cultured with different kinds of artificial bones.
METHODS:Adipose tissue was extracted from female volunteers undergoing cosmetic surgery to isolate adipose stem cel s. Passage 4 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s were selected and divided into osteogenic induction group, osteogenic induction+hydroxyapatite group, osteogenic induction+absorbable bone group and osteogenic induction+recombinant bone xenograft group. The latter three groups were subdivided into 3, 10, 20 g/L subgroups, respectively. Culture medium was exchanged every 3 days, total y for 12 days.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the osteogenic induction group, the calcium concentration in the elution liquid was significantly higher in the osteogenic induction+hydroxyapatite group and low-concentration osteogenic induction+absorbable bone group (both P<0.05), but no difference was found between the osteogenic induction group and high-concentration osteogenic induction+absorbable bone group (P<0.05). In addition, the calcium concentration in the elution liquid was significantly lower in the osteogenic induction+recombinant bone xenograft group than the osteogenic induction (P<0.05). Therefore, different artificial bone scaffolds can influence the osteogenic effect of adipose stem cel s, and among them, hydroxyapatite has a better effect on the osteogenic induction of adipose stem cel s.

Objective To study the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and correlated factors in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD).Methods The rCBF of lentiform nucleus,thalamus and other sites in 14 patients with HLD of cerebral type (cerebral type group) and 10 patients with HLD of non-cerebral type (non-cerebral type group) were determined by magnetic resonance-perfusion imaging technology,meanwhile 13 healthy volunteers were selected as control group,and calculated the relative regional cerebral blood flow (rrCBF) for avoiding perfusion time lag.The correlation between the clinical symptom scores,the content of urinary copper,duration and rrCBF in HLD patients were evaluated.Results The rrCBF of cerebral type group in the left and right frontal lobe,temporal lobe,lentiform nucleus,caudate nucleus,thalamus,midbrain,pons and the left hippocampus,cerebellar cortex,dentate nucleus were lower than those of control group (1.91 ±0.35 vs.2.44 ±0.64,1.80 ±0.30 vs.2.37 ±0.65,1.37 ±0.35 vs.2.14 ±0.91,1.58 ±0.52 vs.2.39 ±0.99,1.61 ±0.38 vs.2.59 ±0.74,1.52 ±0.64 vs.2.63 ±0.73,1.88 ±0.32 vs.2.61 ±0.67,1.70 ±0.40 vs.2.35 ±0.50,1.48 ±0.13 vs.2.01 ±0.59,1.46 ±0.38 vs.2.38 ±0.99,1.47 ±0.55 vs.2.02 ±0.72,1.27 ±0.48 vs.1.91 ±0.51,1.24 ±0.38 vs.1.47 ±0.29,1.25 ±0.39 vs.1.53 ±0.37,1.74 ±0.27 vs.2.40 ±0.89,1.79 ±0.50 vs.2.22 ±0.66,2.15 ±0.41 vs.2.64 ± 0.61),and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).There were no significant differences in the rrCBF of the parietal and occipital lobe,etc between cerebral type group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).The rrCBF of cerebral type group in the left and right lentiform nucleus were lower than those of non-cerebral type group (1.61 ± 0.38 vs.1.94 ± 0.58,1.52 ± 0.64 vs.1.99 ± 0.59),and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The clinical symptom scores were positively correlated with the rrCBF of the left and right lentiform nucleus in 24 patients with HLD (r =-0.792 and-0.764,P ＜ 0.01),the content of urinary copper and duration had no correlation with the rrCBF of the left and right lentiform nucleus(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The rCBF of cerebral type and non-cerebral type HLD is significantly reduced,cerebral type patients have lower rCBF than non-cerebral type patients.The rCBF is correlated with the clinical symptom scores.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative efficacy of Yixinshu capsule(YXSC)for patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)and its effects on plasma levels of angiotrnsionⅡ(Ang Ⅱ)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?).MET-HODS:60 patients with CHF were randomly assigned to either treatment group(n=30)or control group(n=30):the control group received conventional symptomatic treatment with western medicines including anti-infection therapy,relieving airway obstruction,continuous low-flow oxygen inhalation,cardiac and diuretic therapy,vasodilator,correcting acid-base imbalance and electrolyte disturbances etc;the treatment group received YXSC in combination with the above conventional symptomatic treatment.Plasma levels of AngⅡ and TNF-? in two groups before and after treatment were detected;and the cardiac function and the indexes of echocardiography(LVEF,A/E)of all cases were recorded in detail before and after treatment.Meanwhile,10 healthy subjects served as normal control.RESULTS:After treatment,plasma levels of AngⅡ and TNF-? in both group decreased remarkably(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of the transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper-extremity function rehabilitation and changes in the excitability of cerebral cortex,and to evaluate from the viewpoint of electro-physiology the prognosis so as to guide the rehabilitation treatment of patients after stroke.Methods Forty-six patients in the early stage after a stroke were given TMS examinations of the ipsilateral brain region.Those with the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) amplitudes lower than 50 μV were classified into a motion-induced experimental negative group (the negative group),whiie those whose MEP amplitude reached 50 μV or more were classified as movement-induced positive (the positive group).Both groups were given the same treatment.Before and after 2,4 and 8 weeks of treatment the Fugl-Meyer movement function rating scale was used to assess their bilateral upper limb movement function.TMS technology was used to detect any change in the resting motor threshold (RMT) and the amplitude (Amp) of MEPs in the motor cortex.The incubation period of the cortex (CL) and the central motor conduction time (CMCT) in the contralateral motor cerebral cortex were also observed.Results After 4 weeks of treatment,the average score of the positive group on Fugl-Meyer upper movement function rating scale reached (54.99±2.76),significantly higher than before treatment and significantly higher than the negative group's average (P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,the average score in the positive group had increased further to 73.11±2.98,still significantly higher than that of the negative group (P＜0.01).After treatment,RMT decreased progressively in both groups,but that of the negative group dropped from (98.35±10.12) to (30.35±7.31) (9＜0.01),with significantly greater decline in amplitude and rate than that of the positive group (P＜0.05).After treatment,the Amp of both groups showed a gradual increasing trend.Amp increased earlier in the positive group,but there was no significant difference in the extent of the increase between the two groups (P＞0.05).After the treatment the CL and CMCT had shortened significantly in the negative group compared to before the treatment (P＜0.05),while there was no significant change in CL and CMCT after the treatment (P＞0.05).Conclusions The excitability of the contralateral motor cortex changes after a stroke.TMS can be used to characterize the MEP to monitor and predict recovery.This should help clinicians prepare more scientific rehabilitation plans.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of clonorchiasis of hospital patients in Heilongjiang Province,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control and prevention strategies. Methods A total of 2 359 suspected patients from human parasitic disease research institute of Harbin medical university were investigated. Total?ly 6 718 stool samples and 2 359 serum samples were tested by Kato?Katz technique and the enzyme linked immune method re?spectively. Meanwhile,the information of the patients was collected by questionnaires. Results Totally 513 suspected patients were infected with Clonorchis sinensis. The infection rate of the suspected patients was higher in the ≥29 group(P<0.05), and the infection rate and positive rate of blood tests of the rural suspected patients were both higher than those of the urban sus?pected patients(both P<0.05). The habit of eating raw fish and shrimp was the risk factor of clonorchiasis. Conclusion Clo?norchiasis is one of the main food?borne parasitic diseases in Heilongjiang Province. The habit of eating raw fish and shrimp is the risk factor of clonorchiasis.

The molecularly imprinted separating medium with halloysite nanotubes as carrier, which were environmentally friendly natural silica substrate nano-materials, aspirin as template molecule and acrylamide as functional monomer was synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The template molecule and monomer were bound to stable composite at 1: 2 using the method of ultraviolet spectroscopy combined with Lamber-Beer theory at molecular level. The morphology and adsorption capacity of imprinted material was studied with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer ( FT-IR ) , transmission electron microscope ( TEM) , static adsorption and selective adsorption. The experimental results showed that a good uniformity of imprinted layer with the thickness of 38 nm was coated steadily on the halloysite nanotubes surface. Compared with the conventional surface imprinted material and the material with silica gel as carrier, our molecularly imprinted material had the characteristics of high adsorption capacity and favorable imprinted effect. Its imprinted factor achieved to 3. 5. The molecularly imprinted material was applied for mimetic intestinal juice diffusion experiment. The experimental results indicated that the imprinted material release the aspirin for 12 h, which was 2 times for non imprinted material for only 6 h, demonstrating excellent drug release result, which provided basic data for potential applications of drug carrier.

Objective To investigate the role of nerve growth factor(NGF)in asthmatic rats by observing the expression of NGF and effects of corticosteroid on the expression of NGF in lungs of asthmatic rats.Methods Forty-five rats were randomly devided into 3 groups:control group,asthmatic group,therapeutic group with corticosteroid.The thickness of airway smooth musle(ASM)was measured by HE staining,and the expression of NGF was observed by immunohistochemical staining.Results 1.The thickness of ASM,the expression of NGF and were significantly higher in asthmatic group than those of control group and therapeutic group(Pa