AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for refractory glaucoma after sequential failed trabeculectomy.
METHODS: Thirty - six patients (36 eyes) with prior failed sequential trabeculectomy who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation were included. The intraocular pressure ( IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and complications were ovserved and all the patients were followed up at least for 12mo.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative IOP was 35. 20±7. 28mmHg and reduced to 10. 15±3. 34, 11. 23±3. 56, 15. 63±5. 72, 17. 17±5. 47, 17. 73±6. 23,19. 76±5. 43mmHg at 1, 2wk, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo after surgery, which was significant different from the preoperative level (t = 12. 643, 11. 837, 10. 324, 8. 839, 8. 462, 8. 046, all P < 0. 05 ). Visual acuity was not significantly different between pre - operation and 12mo post- operation ( Z = - 0. 420, P > 0. 05). At 12mo after operation, the complete success rate reached 78% and the conditional success rate reached 92%. There were 5 eyes complicated with shallow anterior chamber, 3 eye complicated with anterior chamber hemorrhage, which all recovered after additional treatments. Late complications included valve exposure and encapsulated cystic blebs around the plate. Severe corneal endothelium loss occurred in 1 patient.
CONCLUSION: Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation is effective in reducing IOP at 1-year follow-up in refractory glaucoma patients with prior sequential failed trabeculectomy, but we should fully understand and attach great importance to all kinds of complications that may occur.

Objective To study the feasibility and curative effect of transumbilical single-incision (TSIL) vs multiple-incision (MIL) laparoscopic splenectomy.Methods Ten cases (2 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura,1 case of hereditary spherocytosis,3 cases of splenic hemangioma and 4 cases of cirrhotic splenomegaly) underwent TSIL from Jan 2010 to Ju12011,and 12 cases (3 cases of ITP,2 cases of hereditary spherocytosis,3 cases of splenic hemangioma and 4 cases of splenomegaly) underwent MIL.Clinical data were compared with each other.Results No severe complications occurred in either group.The mean operation time of single-incision group and multiple-incision group was ( 182 ± 23 ) min and ( 169 ± 19) min,and blood loss was( 160 ± 13 ) ml and ( 155 ± 16) ml ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The post-operative pain score in TSIL and in MIL group was respectively [ ( 1.60 ± 0.20) vs (3.60 ± 0.90) on day 1,P ＜ 0.05 ; (0.50 ±0.10) vs (2.00 ±0.45) on day 2,P ＜0.05].There was no significant difference between the two groups in the recovery of the gastrointestinal function,the length of hospital stay and the cost of hospitalization, all P ＞ 0.05.The umbilical incision in TSIL cases is more cosmetic.Conclusions Transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic splenectomy is feasible and safe in experienced hands.

The veins on the dorsum of the foot have been dissected and observed on 200cases of the Chinese adult lower extremities.The great saphenous vein is the chief draining vessel of the hallux,the toes andthe skin of the dorsum of the foot.The position and the tributaries of this vessel areconstant.Its diameter ranges from 1.9 to 5.0mm,with an average of 3.2mm.The dorsal venous arch is usually single(93%),double arches are seen in 6%,and absent in 1%.According to the form of reflux,the dorsal venous arch may begrouped into five types.In the most common type,the arch is continuous withthe great saphenous vein and the anterior malleolar branch of the small saphenousvein(49.5%).The dorsal metatarsal veins usually drain directly into the dorsal venous arch.Some of the neighboring dorsal metatarsal veins may drain through a commontrunk.The perforating veins on the dorsum of the foot may be divided into threedifferent groups:the anterior malleolar,marginal and intermetatarsal group.Thelatter usually drains into the dorsal venous arch at the base of the first intermeta-tarsal space.The valves of the superficial veins on the dorsum of the foot were also observed.There is no valve in the lateral part of the dorsal venous arch,but there may beone or two valves in its most medial part(66.7%).It appears that the venousblood from the first metatarsal vein usually drains into the great saphenous vein.

Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons ; pathology ; physiology ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Red Nucleus ; pathology ; physiology

AIM: To observe the efficacy of surgical excision combined with autologous limbus conjunctival flap transplantation in the treatment of pterygium accompanied with conjunctival cyst.METHODS: Totally 126 patients 188 eyes with pterygium were hospitalized in Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology during August 2013 and August 2015.The patients were divided into two groups: observation group (11 eyes of 11 patients) with pterygium accompanied with conjunctival cyst and control group (177 eyes of 115 patients) with primary pterygium.All patients underwent slit lamp microscope examination, anterior segment photography, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography(OCT).The size of pterygium was calculated by multiplying neck width and length of the covered corneal.All patients underwent excision combined with autologous conjunctival flap transplantation, and the resections were performed pathological section with hematoxylin and eosin staining.All patients were followed up postoperatively for 4-28mo.RESULTS: All cases in the observation group were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination.All cyst walls were complete, and containing single layer of epithelial cells.The mean size of pterygium of the observation group was 6.9±1.7mm2, and 6.3±1.8mm2 for the control group.There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).The mean postoperative healing time of observation group was 2.1±0.9d, and 1.9±0.8d for the control group.There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Recurrence was seen in two eyes within the follow-up period in the control group, and no recurrence in the observation group.CONCLUSION: Surgical excision combined with autologous limbus conjunctival flap transplantation is a safe and effective treatment for pterygium accompanied with conjunctival cyst.

Objective To study the feasibility of a novel probe 99Tcm-HYNIC-2(poly-(ethylene glycol),PEG) 4-Dimer (Dimer:E-[c (RGDfK) 2]) as a potential imaging agent for integrin αv β3 positive tumors,and also to observe the influence of an angiogenesis inhibitor,endostar,on the biodistribution and tumor uptake of the tracer in tumor bearing nude mice.Methods The expression of integrin αv β3 in human glioma cells U87MG was determined with immunofluorescence staining before and after treatment with endostar.99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer was prepared and administered in U87MG tumor bearing mice in 6 h after either administration of endostar (200 μl) or saline (control group) and then biodistribution study was performed.Other 16 mice were divided into endostar treated group (20 mg/kg) and control group (saline) and then gamma imaging was performed in the two groups.Statistical significance of differences between the two groups was assessed using two-sample t test.Results Radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer was exceeded 95％.The expression of integrin αvβ3 in U87MG cell was high and gradually decreased after treatment with endostar.There was a negative dose-effect relationship between the dose of endostar and the expression of integrin αvβ3 with the peak effect at the dose of 400 μg/ml.The distribution study in vivo showed that the tracer uptake of U87MG tumors was high,but it decreased after injection of endostar.At 90 min,the ％ID/g of endostar and control groups were 1.50±0.08 and 6.27±0.33,respectively (t =40.23,P＜0.05).The average T/NT ratios of 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer uptake in the endostar and control groups were 1.02±0.11 and 2.58±0.36,respectively (t =10.25,P＜0.05).The integrin αv β3 positive expression ratios of tumor in endostar and control groups were (33.1 ±2.7) ％ and (81.5±3.2) ％,respectively (t =32.60,P＜0.05).Conclusions The novel probe 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer may be a promising radiotracer for integrin αvβ3-positive tumor imaging.It may be used for monitoring the therapeutic effect of endostar and may be potentially used for screening the candidates of anti-angiogenesis therapy.

Objective To review our experiences of diagnostic methods and surgical treatment of the left superior vena cava (LSVC) draining into the left atrium.Methods Nineteen patients with LSVC draining into the left atrium were diagnosed and treated surgically from February 1998 to January 2012.All the cases were combined with other congenital heart diseases including patent ductus arteriosus,ventricular septal defect,atrial septal defect,single atrium,triatriatum,partial endocardial cushion defect,anomalous pulmonary venous drainage,right ventricle outflow stenosis,pulmonary valve stenosis,tetralogy of Fallot,double outlet right ventricle,complete endocardial cushion defect,tricuspid atresia.The patients were diagnosed through different methods including echocartiographic examination,cardiac catheterization,computer tomography,and explored during the operation,even postoperatively.All were treated surgically with four techniques including simple ligation to the LSVC,including ligation during a redo procedure; intra atrial rerouting to drainage the flow from the LSVC to the right atrium,atrial septum reconstruction to make the outlet of the LSVC lying in the right side of the patched atrial septal,and bidirectional Glenn shunt to get a physiological result.Results No mortality postoperatively.All the cases were uneventful postoperatively.And the main postoperative course was related only to the main diagnosis of congenital heart disease,not to the left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium.The echo examination result was satisfied before the discharge.The early and long term follow-up(1-11 years) results are excellent,no arrhythmia,no cardiac deficits after echo examination,including stenosis obstruction and residual shunt.No death.Conclusion The diagnostic methods of the LSVC draining into the left atrium are difficult,the only way to make the diagnosis clearly enough before the operation is depending on improving of more and more comprehending to this rare cardiac anomaly,by the pediatric cardiologists,the sinologist,the intensive care unit,and the pediatric cardiae surgeons.The choice of different surgical treatment is depending on the diagnosis and the findings during the operations,and the results are excellent after a suitable choice made.

A 37-year-old female was admitted to the hospital for an itching and painful subcutaneous nodule with ulceration on the extensor aspect of her left forearm for more than 6 months.The pain was severe,continuous and localized.Systemic and local treatment with antibiotics resulted in no obvious improvement.The lesion had gradually increased in size over the past 6 months and the ulcer had enlarged for 1 month.On examination,a hard infiltrative plaque measuring about 5.5 cm × 4.0 cm with a well-defined margin was seen on the extensor aspect of her left forearm,along with ulceration and some dirty discharge on the surface.The diagnosis of fibrosarcoma,grade Ⅱ was eventually made by a biopsy of the lesion,which revealed increased pigmentation in the basal layer,and tumor tissue was tightly adherent to the epidermis.Dermis and subcutaneous fat layer were infiltrated with various sizes of spindle cells with fine collagen fiber bundles between the cells.Obvious atypia and mitotic figures were easily observed in some of the cells.Immunohistochemical analysis showed moderately positive staining for fibronectin,but negative staining for human melanoma black-45 (HMB45),S100,smooth muscle actin (SMA),Melan-a,high molecular weight cytokeratin (HCK),CD34,CD68 or cytokeratin.Some diseases should be differentiated from this case,including dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans,cutaneous spindle cell squamous carcinoma,atypical fibroxanthoma,malignant fibrous histiocytoma,and so on.

BACKGROUND: Thermotherapy has achieved remarkable therapeutic effect on patients with esophageal cancer. However, there are still some problems which cannot be answered today, such as the damage of esophageal mucosa during deep thermotherapy when metal stent is placed in esophagus. OBJECTIVE: To study the metal stent-caused damages to esophageal mucosa of pigs in radiofrequency hyperthermia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Observational study which was performed in the Department of Tumor, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College from October 2004 to January 2005. MATERIALS: 13 pigs weighing 35-40 kg were used in this study. Esophagus stent of memory alloy with membrane was provided by Zhiye Medical Apparatus Institute of Changzhou, China METHODS: Five points were located for measurement, i.e. the middle of the stent, the exit of the stent, 2 cm and 4 cm a distance from the exit and 4 cm from the entrance. Esophagus of 13 pigs was heated for 30 minutes by SR-1000 radiofrequency hyperthermia machine in frequency of 40.82 MHz, pole plate of 25 cm Ⅱ 25 cm and power of 500-700 W. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The esophageal mucosa was observed with naked eyes. And optical microscopy was used to observe the changes of the esophageal mucosa. RESULTS: Because one pig died of anesthesia and there were troubles of thermal detector lines in 4 pigs, only 8 pigs were included in the final analysis. Level of damage of esophageal mucosa on five temperature checkpoints was observed from grade 0 to 1 in naked eyes, and the difference of damaged level between five checkpoints was not obvious in statistics (H=2.0, P=0.157). Level of the damage was observed from grade 0 to 2 in microscope, and the difference was not obvious in statistics too (H=2.734, P=0.255). CONCLUSION: Influence of the metal stent on esophageal mucosa can be neglected in radiofrequency hyperthermia, and metal stent does not cause obvious mechanical damage or thermal damage to esophageal mucosa of pigs. It is safe and feasible to carry out radiofrequency hyperthermia on placed metal stent esophagus.

Objective To investigate the effect of taurine transporter in the process of protection of brain edema in rats with severe traumatic head injury. Methods A total of 24 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Except the control rats (Group Sham), all other three groups were subjected to lateral fluid percussion head injury. The TBI (Traumatic brain injury) models (Group TBI) and surgical control rats (Group Sham) were injected with saline through caudal vein after surgery, while the Taurine prevention and Taurine treatment models (Group Pre Tau and Group Tau) were injected with 120 g/L taurine solution before or after surgeries respectively. Water content in each brain, mRNA and protein expres?sion of aquaporin 4 and taurine transporter in the injured rat brain hemispheres were all evaluated over the time course of the study (7 d) in each group. Results Compared with rats in Group Sham, water content in each brain increase, mRNA tran?scription and protein expression of AQP4 were both up regulated but the mRNA transcription and protein expression of TauT were both down-regulated in rats in TBI group. Compared with rats in TBI group, brain water content, mRNA transcription and protein expression of AQP4 all decrease while mRNA transcription and protein expression of TauT all increase in rats in Pre tau and Tau groups. There is no statistical difference of TauT expression between rats in pre-tau group and Tau group. Conclusion Taurine exert its neuron protection role through draining water content from brain and down regulating expres?sion of AQP4 but rising expression of TauT after TBI.