Objective To improve diagnose and therapy of post-traumatic acute renal failure induced by rhabdomyolysis. Methods A total of 20 patients with post-traumatic acute renal failure induced by rhabdomyolysis were analyzed retrospectively in aspects of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and treatment. Of all, there were 9 patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), while the other 11 were set as control, receiving no CRRT. Results After treatment with CRRT, 7 patients obtained clinical curing, with 2 deaths. As for control patients, there were 5 patients with secondary chronic renal insufficiency, 1 with clinical curing and 5 deaths. Conclusions Early diagnosis, CRRT, sufficient hydration, hematedialysis and supportive treatment are key points to improve the cure rate. It is important to apply CRRT for patients with renal inadequacy.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and prognosis of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in treatment of brain metastases,and to observe the influence of temozolomide (TMZ) on survival rate during the period of radiotherapy.Methods A total of 52 patients with brain metastases were divided into two groups according to treatment methods,including 35 patients treated with WBRT plus SRT and 17 patients treated with SRT alone.WBRT dose was 1.8 - 3.0 Gy per fraction,one fraction a day,five fractions per week,with total dose of 30 - 40 Gy.After WBRT,gamma knife was performed with prescription isodose line of 45％ -70％ surrounding the planned target volume in WBRT + SRT group.The marginal dose was 12 - 15 Gy and the center dose was 20-30 Gy.In SRT group,the prescription isodosc line was 45％ - 70％ and the marginal dose was 36 - 40 Gy while the center up to 70 - 80 Gy.The follow up time was 1 - 2 years.Besides 20 patients in this study took temozolomide capsule during and after radiotherapy.The schedule of concomitant chemotherapy was temozolomide of 75 mg/m2 by oral administration every day until radiotherapy was over,and then temozolomide of 150 mg/m2 was taken for 3 -6 months after radiotherapy.Results The efficiency during 1 -3 months after treatment was 84.62％ in this study.In the WBRT + SRT group,the efficiency was 88.57％ and declined to 76.47％ in the SRT group.The six month-and one year-local control rate were 92.10％ and 85.20％,respectively.The average survival time of WBRT + SRT was 13.2 months and median survival time was 11 months.Six month-,one year-and eighteen months-survival rate were 71.40％,54.30％ and 14.30％,respectively.In the SRT group,the average survival time was 10.2 months and median survival time was 9 months.Six month-,one year- and eighteen month-survival rate were 41.20％,23.50％ and 5.88％,respectively,while those for RT + TMZ group were 80.00％,60.00％ and 10.00％.In comparison,those in RT group were 56.30％,37.50％ and 12.50％,respectively.Conclusions Effect of gamma knife stereotactic radiotherapy combined with WBRT is better than GK stereotactic radiotherapy alone in treatment of brain metastases.Compared with radiotherapy alone,concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy could improve the survival rate of the patients with brain metastases without increasirg adverse reactions significantly.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with gamma knife on stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and the quality of life of the patients undergoing this therapy.Methods Twenty NSCLC patients with the median age of 76,10 at stage Ⅰ and 10 at stage Ⅱ who were unable or unwilling to undergo surgery were given SBRT with gamma knife at the doses of 3-6 Gy in 8-15 fractions,finished within 2 to 3 weeks.The prescription isodose line was 50％,the marginal dose was 39-56 Gy,the central dose was 78-112 Gy,and the total biologically effective dose was 51-83 Gy.The patients were observed after admission and followed up by chest CT 1,3,6,and 12 months after treatment until progressive disease or death.EORTC QLQ-LC43 questionnaire was used to investigate the changes in quality of life.Results The 20 patients were followed up for 24 (12-46) months.At six months after the treatment,the overall response rate was 80％,and the complete response rate was 35％.The 1,2 and 3-year local control rates were 100％,95％ and 95％,respectively.The 1,2 and 3-year overall survival rates were 95％,80％ and 50％ respectively; The 1,2,and 3-year progression free survival rates were 85％,64％ and 33％,respectively.The failure rate was 20％ and the rate of progress within the planning target volume was 5％.No acute toxicity at grade 3 and over occurred in any patient during the treatment.15％ of the patients developed grade 1-2 radiation pneumonia.Age,gender,pathologic index or not were weakly correlated with the overall survival.The emotional function was improved significantly after treatment (P ＜ 0.05),dyspnea and cough were improved at different degrees,however,not significantly.There were no significant changes in the physical function and symptoms,such as fatigue,lack of appetite,insomnia,etc.Conclusions Significantly improving the motional function and maintaining the quality of life,SBRT with gamma knife is effective for elderly NSCLC patients with high local control rate fair overall survival rate and few side effects.

Methoxypoly (ethylene glycol)- block-poly (DL-lactide) (PELA) microcapsules containing bovine hemoglobin (BHb) were prepared by a W/O/W double emulsion-solvent diffusion process. The P50 and Hill coeffcient were 3466 Pa and 2.4 respectively, which were near to the natural bioactivity of bovine hemoglobin. The results suggested that polymer composition had significant influence on encapsulation efficiency and particle size of microcapsules. The encapsulation efficiency could reach 90% and the particle size 3 - 5 microm when the PELA copolymer containing MPEG 2000 block was used. The encapsulation efficiency and particle size increased with the concentration of PELA. Increasing the concentrations of NaCl in outer aqueous solution resulted in the increase of encapsulation efficiency and the decrease of particle size. As the concentration of stabilizer in outer aqueous solution increased in the range of 10 g/L to 20 g/L, the particle size reduced while encapsulation efficiency was increased, further increase of the stabilizer concentration would decrease encapsulation efficiency. Increasing of primary emulsion stirring rate was advantageous to the improvement of encapsulation efficiency though it had little influence on the particle size. The influence of re-emulsion stirring rate was complicated, which was not apparent in the case of large volume of re-emulsion solution. When the wall polymer and primary emulsion stirring rate were fixed, the encapsulation efficiency decreased as the particle size reduced.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Capsules ; Cattle ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Lactates ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To investigate the relationship between the phenotypes and the patterns of genetic mutations in the corresponding resistance genes (rpoB, katG, inhA, ahpC, rrs, rpsL, embB and gyrA) in resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates. Methods Rifampicin-resistant gene (rpoB), isoniazid-resistant genes (katG, inhA, ahpC), streptomycin-resistant genes (rrs, rpsL), ethambutol-resistant gene (embB) and quinolinone-resistant gene (gyrA) were amplified by PCR with sequence-specific primers, then mutants screened by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) were sequenced. Results rpoB mutation with predominant Ser450Trp pattern was 94. 9% (56/59) in 59 rifampicin-resistant isolates;katG mutation rate was 38. 9% (35/90) and the main pattern was Ser315Thr, but only 3 inhA mutants and no ahpC mutation were determined in 90 isoniazid-resistant isolates;gyrA mutation with main Asp94Gly then Ala90Val pattern was 82.4% (28/34) in 34 quinolinone-resistant isolates;the total mutation rate was 77.4% in 31 streptomycin-resistant isolates, of which 15 isolates mutated in rrs with main pattern A514C or A1041G, 10 isolates mutated in rpsL Lys88Arg;and embB mutation with main Met306Val accounted for 19.4% (6/31) in 31 ethambutol-resistant isolates. Conclusions The results showed that resistance of resistant MTB may be complicated, and DNA sequencing-based mutation analysis could efficiently detect the molecular makers such as rpoB, katG, gyrA, rrs, rpsL and embB in resistant MTB isolates. Meanwhile, it is notable that the rpoB mutation pattern in our isolates is different from previous report, further effort are needed to confirm the characteristics. The spectrum of potential resistance-related mutations in MTB clinical isolates may lay substantial foundation for the rapid molecular diagnosis and rational use of drug to MTB patients.

Objective To implement and evaluate evidence-based guidelines for enteral nutrition support in acute stroke patients with dysphagia.Methods This study is a prospective before and after comparison study.Collected 200 acute stroke patients with dysphagia and divided them into test group (trained medical staffs) and control group(untrained medical staffs) equally according to the time order.Two groups of 100 patients were surveyed using a checklist before and after implementation of 10 guidelines about nutrition support.Before the implementation of guidelines,the staffs were enforced training,and summarized regularly.Compliances with guidelines by doctors and nurses were compared,and outcomes of patients were assessed.Results Compared with the control group,the correct implementation of the project significantly improved in the experimental group on nutritional risk screening (92.0％,64.0％; x2 =22.840),nutritional supplements selection (80.0％,48.0％; x2 =22.220),nutrition infusion methods (90％,18％ ; x2 =1.040) and nutrition infusion adjustment (abdominal distension/adjusted:21/10,6/4;x2 =9.634,constipation/adjusted:41/40,57/53 ; x2 =5.122,all P ＜ 0.05).The mortality rate,poor prognosis and length of stay in department of neurology intensive care unit and in hospital were not significant different between the experimental group and the control group.The incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia was significantly lower in the experimental group (44.3％) than that in the control group (67.5％,x2 =7.281,P =0.007),but other patient outcomes were unaffected significantly.Conclusion Implementation of evidence-based guidelines for enteral nutrition support in acute stroke patients with dysphagia is associated with improvements in clinical quality and selected patient outcomes.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of epirubicin injection combined with cisplatin injection in the treatment of advanced resistant endometrial cancer.Methods A total of 56 patients with advanced resistant endometrial cancer were divided into control group and treatment group with 28 cases per group.Control group received intravenous infusion of cisplatin injection 30 mg · m-2 at day 1,8 + fluorouracil 650 mg · m-2at day 1,8.Treatment group was given intravenous infusion of cisplatin injection 30 mg · m-2 at day 1,8 + epirubicin injection 40 mg · m-2at day 1.Two groups were treated for 2 cycles with 4 weeks per cycle.The clinical efficacy,ovarian cancer antigen (CA125),epididymis protein 4 (HE4),adiponectin (APN) and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment and control groups were 85.71％ (24/28 cases) and 60.71％ (17/28 cases) with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the main indexes in treatment and control groups were compared:CA125 were (28.62±0.33),(40.52 ±0.45)U · L-1;HE4 were (1.57 ±0.24),(35.93 ±0.38)pmol · L-1;APN were (8.59 ± 0.98),(7.74 ± 0.78) μg · mL-1,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions were based on hair loss,oral mucositis,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea and leucopenia in treatment group,which in control group were based on hair loss,loss of appetite,nausea,vomiting,leukopenia,thrombocytopenia and proteinuria.The incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 21.43％ and 32.14％ without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Epirubicin injection combined with cisplatin injection has a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced resistant endometrial cancer,without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

Primary liver cancer is one of the most malignant tumor in the worldwide.5 years recurrence rate of patients in the early phase is exceeding 70％.Recurrence of HCC is one of the vital factors leading to adverse outcomes.Researchers found that characteristics of tumors,such as tumor size,differentiation and vascular invasion;operation aspect,such as surgical margin width,surgical approach,intraoperative bleeding and transfusion;patient-self and liver transplantation related factors,such as liver disease,donor's age,hepatitis B virus infection of recipient can affect the postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.We summarized the influence factors of postoperative recurrence of HCC via literature review.

Hashimoto's encephalopathy(steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis,SREAT)is a rare disorder,accompanied by seizures,tremor,myoclonus,ataxia,psychosis,and stroke-like episodes,breaking out with an acute or subacute onset and having a relapsing/remitting or progressive course which is not correlated to thyroid hormone levels.Patients with Hashimoto's encephalopathy are usually euthyroid or dysthyroid with positive antithyroid antibodies,have a moderately raised cerebrospinal fluid protein content,and have a global slowing of the electroencephalogram and a normal or near normal imaging except in rare cases.The pathogenesis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy is still obscure.This paper reports a case diagnosed as"Hashimoto's encephalopathy".It is suggested that the diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy should be considered in cases with unexplained encephalopathy associated with high levels of antithyroid antibodies despite normal thyroid function.

Antipsychotic medications are commonly used to treat schizophrenia,but they can have negative effects on lipid metabolism,leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases,reduced life expectancy,and difficulties with treatment adherence.The specific mechanisms by which antipsychotics disrupt lipid metabolism are not well understood.Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins(SREBPs)are important transcriptional factors that regulate lipid metabolism.Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9),a gene regulated by SREBPs,plays a critical role in controlling levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and has become a focus of research on lipid-lowering drugs.Recent studies have shown that antipsychotic drugs can affect lipid metabolism through the SREBP/PCSK9 pathway.A deep understanding of the mechanism for this pathway in antipsychotic drug-related metabolic abnormalities will promote the prevention of lipid metabolism disorders in patients with schizophrenia and the development and application of new drugs.