Electrocorticograms were recorded in cases with cases with epilepsies following procainization and eletrocoagulation of limited areas of cerebral cortex. Procainizaion of preoccipital cortical area, Brodmann's area 19, causes suppression of epileptiform discharge in the rest or ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere, motor, sensory and temporal areas. Conversely no suppression of electrical activity was observed in preoccipital leads following procainization of motor, senory or temporal areas. Electrocoagulation of preoccipital area also produced a regression of the abnormal cortical activities in the motor, sensory and temporal areas, which was the phenomenon identical with that following procainization of preoccipital area, and lasted weeks and months along with clinical improvement in symptomatology of epilepsy. Fifty-one cases of intractable epilepsy were treated surgically by the coagulation of preoccipital areas which were exposed through skull trephine hole with perforator in D'Errico trephine. It was noteworthty to emphasize that progressive normalization of electroencephalographic records of patients was obtained in months or years after the preoccipital coagulation. The surgical treatment of epilepsy in fifty-one cases was associated with freedom from seizures in three cases and clinical improvement in thirty-none cases. The purpose of surgical intervention upon preoccipital area was mainly based on blocking and suppressing the abnormal excessive neuronal discharge passing or spreading through the preoccipital cortical area over the rest of ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere.
Cerebral Cortex ; Cerebrum ; Electrocoagulation ; Epilepsy* ; Freedom ; Humans ; Neurons ; Seizures ; Skull

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of an aerobic exercise program on mobility, fall efficacy, balance, and stress in the elderly at senior centers. METHODS: This research was conducted as a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest control and experimental comparison study. The subjects were 41 senior residents (Exp.=18, Cont.=23) who aged above 65 at senior centers in S City. The period of time for data collection and intervention was from August 25 to December 5, 2008. RESULTS: Mobility (t=-3.10, p<.01) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group without an aerobic exercise program. However, fall efficacy (t=1.28, p=.207), balance (t=-.53, p=.602; t=.36, p=.723), stress (t=-1.32, p=.199) in the experimental group was not significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings confirmed that aerobic exercise programs make a contribution to improving mobility in the elderly at senior centers.
Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Data Collection ; Exercise ; Humans ; Mobility Limitation ; Postural Balance ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a cognitive behavior program on cognition, depression, and activities of daily living in elderly with Cognitive Impairment. METHOD: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 21 subjects in the experimental group and 19 in the control group among 40 senior residents in a Hall for the elderly in the city of S. The subjects scores ranged from 15 to 23 on the MMSE-K(Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination) over age 65. The length of time for data collection and intervention was from Jun 26 to September 1, 2006. The cognitive behavior program consisted of 'Facing problem behavior', 'Searching for a coping skill', and 'Training in the coping skill'. It was applied to the experimental group twice a week, fifty minutes per session for six weeks. RESULT: Cognition(t=-4.232, p< .001) and IADL(t=-2.939, p< .01) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Depression in the experimental group was significantly less than the control group(t=3.870, p< .01). However, ADL in the experimental group was not significantly higher than the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings confirmed that a cognitive behavior program contributed to improving cognition and IADL, and to reducing depression in the elderly with Cognitive Impairment.
*Activities of Daily Living ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Aged ; *Cognition ; Cognition Disorders/*psychology ; *Depression ; Frail Elderly ; Health Services for the Aged ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Models, Psychological

Bromidrosis is a disorder characterized by rancid body odor which influences a patient's social life and mental health. The therapeutic modalities and the mechanism of bromidrosis have been carefully studied, however, there have been few reports about the genetic inheritance of bromidrosis. We investigated the family history of 42 patients who were operated on for bromidrosis and followed up to the third generation in 10 cases. The results were as follows: Results of investigation which were followed up the second generation. The fathers of five patients and the mothers of 11 patients had bromidrosis in 18 male patients. The fathers of six patients and the mothers of 12 patients had bromidrosis in 24 female patients. Thirty-four patient (81.0%) among a total of 42 have a single parent with bromidrosis. Result of investigation which were followed up to the third generation Bromidrosis was occurred in 17 of 42 patients (40.5%) in the second generation, and 18 of 27 patients (66.7%) in the third generation. In one case, a father transmitted bromidrosis to his three sons, and as a result, X-linked inheritance could be ruled out Bromidrosis was not skipped in every generation of all families. We on conclude that bromidrosis is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder.
Fathers ; Female ; Genes, X-Linked ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Mothers ; Odors ; Single Parent ; Wills*

Richer's syndrome is a development of a high grade malignant lymphoma in a patient with preexisting chronic 1ymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. A rare case of Richer's syndrome arising in the spleen of a 35-year-old-man was studied by morphology, immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement study. He has had weight loss and night sweat for last 6 months. Hepatosplenomegaly and abdominal lymphadenopathy were noted on CT scanning. Especially an ovoid radiolucent mass was found within the image of splenomegaly. Lymph nodes and liver biopsy, bone marrow aspiration and splenectomy were done. In the lymph nodes, liver and bone marrow, well differentiated small lymphocytic infiltrations were found but, in the spleen, pleomorphic, large cells with occasional multinucleated giant cells formed a nodular mass surrounded by diffuse, extensive infiltration of small well differentiated lymphocytes. The two distinctive areas in the spleen had positive staining for B-cell marker (HLA-DR and L26), negative staining for T-cell marker (UCLH1), and positive staining for IgM heavy chain and kappa light chain by immuohistochemical study. so this case was diagnosed as a diffuse large cell 1ymphoma transformed from small lymphocytic lymphoma. We made an another effort to clarify their clonality. Gene rearrangement method usingcomplementarity.determining region 3(CDR3) of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene and T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was done. The two lymphomas in the spleen demonstrated the same rearrangement pattern in both IgH and TCRgamma gene. We think these findings strongly suggest that the large cell lymphoma has the same clonality with that of the small lymphocytic lymphoma.
Male ; Humans

Toxoplasma gondii infection induces parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen. However, dose-dependent parasite infiltration, apoptosis, body weight alternations and survival in mice remain largely unknown. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally infected with 10, 30 or 100 tachyzoites of T. gondii, respectively. Parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen were analyzed on days 3, 7, and 9 post-infection by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Significantly higher levels of T. gondii infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen were found in 30 and 100 tachyzoites infected mice compared to 10 tachyzoites infected mice on days 7 and 9 post-infection. Although 30 and 100 tachyzoites infected mice showed significant body weight loss compared to 10 tachyzoites infected mice, all of the 100, 30, and 10 tachyzoites infected mice died by days 12, 15, and 17, each respectively. Interestingly, T. gondii infiltration in 10 tachyzoites infected mice were limited to capsule area of the spleen on day 9 post-infection. Several areas of parasite infiltrations were found in the 30 tachyzoites infected mice, where noticeable levels of splenic capsule de-adhesion occurred. These results indicated that parasite infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen, as well as body weight loss (survival) are closely correlated with infection dosage. The level of T. gondii infiltration and apoptosis in the spleen and splenic de-adhesion were dependent on the parasite dose.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Body Weight ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Parasites ; Spleen ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasmosis

Purpose: Although the incidence of simultaneous distal radius and hip fractures in older patients is minimal, patients with these coincident types of fractures exhibit unique features. This study analyzed the outcomes associated with operative treatment involving volar-locking plates in patients who sustained distal radius fractures and hip fractures and compared them with those in matched control patients who had undergone treatment for isolated distal radius fractures. Materials and Methods: Between 2010 and 2015, 34 patients, who met the criteria for hip and distal radius fractures, were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-four matched patients who underwent volarlocking plate fixation for isolated distal radius fractures during the same period were also reviewed. The clinical outcomes between the groups were compared using postoperative radiological parameters. Results: The radiological assessment revealed a better radial length and inclination in the control group than in the study group at the final follow-up. In other words, patients with coincident hip fractures showed a higher tendency for loss of reduction. Despite the differences in radiological parameters, no significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed, except for grip strength. Conclusion Although volar-locking plating provides greater stabilization, a loss of reduction occurred inpatients with coincident hip fractures.

Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury is a common source of ulnar-sided wrist pain and it is related with instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), which may result in disability with everyday activities of daily life. Failure of conservative treatment leads to the consideration of surgical treatments. Among them, arthroscopic trans-osseous TFCC foveal repair of the TFCC has recently become the basis of treatment. On the other hand, the rehabilitation protocol for effective functional recovery differs from author to author, such as the immobilization method and period, joint movement recovery period, muscle strengthening exercise method, and return to daily life. Despite this, nothing has been established. Therefore, this review article introduces the rehabilitation method after arthroscopic trans-osseous TFCC foveal repair by dividing it into four steps.

Purpose: Although the incidence of simultaneous distal radius and hip fractures in older patients is minimal, patients with these coincident types of fractures exhibit unique features. This study analyzed the outcomes associated with operative treatment involving volar-locking plates in patients who sustained distal radius fractures and hip fractures and compared them with those in matched control patients who had undergone treatment for isolated distal radius fractures. Materials and Methods: Between 2010 and 2015, 34 patients, who met the criteria for hip and distal radius fractures, were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-four matched patients who underwent volarlocking plate fixation for isolated distal radius fractures during the same period were also reviewed. The clinical outcomes between the groups were compared using postoperative radiological parameters. Results: The radiological assessment revealed a better radial length and inclination in the control group than in the study group at the final follow-up. In other words, patients with coincident hip fractures showed a higher tendency for loss of reduction. Despite the differences in radiological parameters, no significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed, except for grip strength. Conclusion Although volar-locking plating provides greater stabilization, a loss of reduction occurred inpatients with coincident hip fractures.