Since the concept of osseointegration was introduced by Branemark of Sweden, dental implants have been used for various dental prosthetic treatments. The survival rate of dental implant is likely to be closely related to the total biomechanical role of each component of implant system. The use of interchangeable component is very attractive for dental practitioners because such an approach would save treatment cost, flexibility of prosthetic treatment options as well as conveniences. Therefore, the use of interchangeable implant system has been increasing without scientific assessment of safety and efficacy of various interchangeable implant system. The purpose of this study, therefore, were to compare the geometric characteristic of four interchangeable dental implant screws and the loosening torque of these screws. Four types of dental implant screws tested in this study were Nobelpharma, 3i, Impla-med, Restore. Four screws each of the test specimens were subjected for scanning electron microscopic examinations under the same condition and a 35x magnified standard SEM picture was objected from each test specimen using JSM-5200 scanning microscope. From each of the SEM pictures, eight parameters, i.e., diameter of screw head, screw length, thread pitch, major diameter, neck diameter, neck length, crest width and root width were determined using a caliper. The measurement for each parameters were then corrected for their magnification factor. The loosening torque were also determined by using a torque gauge. All of the measurements were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and multiple range test. Statistical significance was set in advance at the probability level of less than 0.05. All analyses were done with SPSS software for the personal computer. The conclusion obtained from this studies were summarized as the following; 1. No statistically significances were noted in the thread pitch, and crest width in the four screws, and in the case of major diameter, the Impla-med screw was significantly smaller than the other three screws (p<0.05). Therefore, four implant bolts could be physically inserted in a abutment nuts. 2. The diameter of screw head was decreased in the order of Restore, 3i, Nobelpharma, Impla-med screws and the length of screws were decreased in the order of 3i, Restore, Nobelpharma and Impla-med. The diameter of neck was decreased in the order of Impla-med, Restore, Nobelpharma, 3i screws. The differences of each of these parameters were statistically significant (p<0.05). The width of root of screws were decreased in the order of Nobelpharma, Impla-med, Restore and 3i. The differences among Nobelpharma and Impla-med, Restore and 3i were statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. When the screws were loosening 1, 3, 4 and 5 times, the loosening torque for Impla-med and 3i screws were significantly higher than that of Nobelpharma or Restore screws (p<0.05). However, when statistically smaller than that of 3i, Restore or Nobelpharma screws (p<0.05).
Dental Implants ; Head ; Health Care Costs ; Microcomputers ; Neck ; Nuts ; Osseointegration ; Pliability ; Survival Rate ; Sweden ; Torque

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the influence of nursing service quality and medical service satisfaction on intent to revisit the hospital, and to identify mediating effects of medical service satisfaction between nursing service quality and intent to revisit the hospital. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 390 hospitalized patients at one general hospital in Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected from July 21 to September 10, 2010 and analyzed using SPSS/PC version 18.0. RESULTS: The score for nursing service quality continuously improved but the scores for medical service satisfaction and intent to revisit the hospital did not changed significantly after estimated. Factors influencing intent to revisit the hospital were nursing service quality, medical service satisfaction, 'same religion', and 'Christian', and the explanation power of these four factors was 79.7%. Medical service satisfaction had a partial mediating effect between nursing service quality and intent to revisit the hospital. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that nursing service quality is a very important factor to improve both medical service satisfaction and intent to revisit the hospital. Nursing managers should develop strategies to improve nursing service quality.
Consumer Satisfaction ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Nursing Services

OBJECTIVE: This study proposes a hospital information system through the design and actualization of the Health Level 7 Development Framework (HDF) as a medical standard data model to sharing medical records between different hospital systems. The Health Level 7 Development Framework is a technique designed to capture domain expertise in a manner that it to be structured to create and validate models, which are subsequently translated into messages. METHODS: The process used Health Level 7 Development Framework methodology with Health Level 7 tools. RESULTS: We drew diagrams for each steps of the Health Level 7 Development Framework and an Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema for chemotherapy order system. CONCLUSION: This study applied Health Level 7 Development Framework methodology to practice. It is a good reference for the hospital information system (HIS) and enables information sharing among healthcare institutions.
Delivery of Health Care ; Drug Therapy* ; Health Level Seven ; Hospital Information Systems ; Information Dissemination ; Medical Records

OBJECTIVE: The International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) was designed to provide a common language by describing the function and disability of clients for health care professionals. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) in nursing and investigate its applicability in fall risk assessment. METHODS: The Fall risk assessment system using the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) is based on the Downton fall risk assessment tool which is most commonly used to assess the risk of falls across populations in any health care setting. To develop system, we used NetBeans 5.0 within JAVA SE Development Kit 1.4.2 (JDK 1.4.2) and Microsoft Access 2003 database was used for the information storage. RESULT: The International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) items can cover all items of the Downton fall risk assessment tool except for medication because there is no medication related items in the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF). We mapped patient's sensory deficit, mental state, and gait state in the Downton fall risk assessment with sensory function & pain, mental function, and mobility in the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) respectively. We also adapted the qualifier to measure the degree of impairment of patients in terms of performance and capacity. CONCLUSION: Using the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF), nurses can assess functional and environmental factors of fall risk in more detail. This study proved the applicability of the International Classification of the Function, Disability and Health (ICF) in the nursing practice. Using the system we developed, nurses can better communicate with other healthcare specialists in the area of fall risk. We suggest further studies that are applying the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) in other areas of the nursing practice to more clearly describe the status of patients.
Delivery of Health Care ; Gait ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Nursing Assessment ; Risk Assessment ; Sensation ; Specialization

"Background: In using the Double-lumen tube (DLT), knowing the minimum bronchial cuff volume (MCV) for an effective air-tight seal will be useful; to provide a collapse of the lung; and to avoid pressure damage. The aims of the present study are thus three-fold: to measure the MCV; to measure the diameter of left main bronchus (LMBD); and to prove any relationships between two parameters. METHODS: One hundred men and forty women who needed intubation of left-sided DLT were enrolled in this study. 37 Fr DLTs were used in male patients, and 35 Fr DLTs were used in female patients. We evaluated the MCV by air bubble method and measured the LMBD in chest PA. We also evaluated the pressure/volume characteristics of the bronchial cuffs by control inflator. RESULTS: 29 patients of 100 patients (29%) exhibited persistent air leakage in 2.5 ml cuff volume in male patients (group of MCV >2.5). On the contrary, 18 patients of 40 patients (45%) did not require any cuff volume in female patients (group of MCV 0). The mean LMBD were 13.23 1.45 mm in male and 11.09 0.96 mm in female. There were significant positive correlations between MCV and LMBD in both sex and their respective correlation coefficients were 0.264 (P=0.008) in male and 0.484 (P=0.002) in female. The equations of linear regression were: LMBD = 12.394 0.429xMCV in male, LMBD = 10.725 0.438xMCV in female. CONCLUSIONS: The MCV of the brochial cuffs in left-sided DLTs has significant relationships with the LMBD measured in chest PA.
Bronchi ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation ; Linear Models ; Lung ; Male ; Thorax

PURPOSE: This study was designed to provide the basic data for the development of the urinary incontinence nursing management program by identifying voiding patterns and pressure ulcer prevalence of residents in long term care facilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed from January to February, 2003. The subjects consisted of 92 residents in long term care facilities around S city. Researcher visited the facilities and assessed their voiding patterns, voiding management, and skin. To investigate the voiding patterns of the residents, care givers in the facilities were educated how to fill up voiding diaries and the diaries were made for two days. The data were analyzed by t-test and x2-test with using SAS program. RESULTS: The mean score for the activities of daily living of the subjects was 17.7+/-10.3 indicating medium. Mean score for mental status was 2.5+/-3.5 indicating very low. Among the subjects, self-voiding group was 40.8%, the group with self-voiding at daytime and diapers at night 10.9%, the group managed with diapers all the time 41.1%. In UI status of self-voiding group, urge urinary incontinence 22.8%, mixed urinary incontinence 13.6%, stress urinary incontinence 6.8%, and 56.8% had no urinary incontinence. About 9.8% of the subjects suffered from pressure ulcers and 15% of the group managed with diapers all the time had skin problems at perineal area. Between the group with pressure ulcer and the group without pressure ulcer, there were significant differences by length of residence, activities of daily living, mental status, and Braden scale. CONCLUSION: The above findings indicated that the care programs for the group managed with diaper change and the group with skin problems were required to improve, and the voiding management focusing on rehabilitation rather than simple diaper change should be encouraged.
Activities of Daily Living ; Caregivers ; Humans ; Long-Term Care* ; Nursing ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Prevalence ; Rehabilitation ; Skin ; Urinary Incontinence

Since previous studies have reported that hydroquinone (HQ) exerted immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity, various HQ derivatives have been synthesized and their biological activities investigated. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory activity of JS-III-49, a novel HQ derivative, in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. JS-III-49 suppressed the production of the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and down-regulated the mRNA expression of the inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1b without cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. JS-III-49 inhibited nuclear translocation of the NF-kB transcription factors p65 and p50 by directly targeting Akt, an upstream kinase of the NF-kB pathway, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. However, JS-III-49 did not directly inhibit the kinase activities of Src and Syk, which are upstream kinases of Akt, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, JS-III-49 suppressed the nuclear translocation of c-Fos, one of the components of AP-1, by specifically targeting p38, an upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the AP-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that JS-III-49 plays an anti-inflammatory role in LPS-stimulated macrophages by targeting Akt and p38 in the NF-kB and AP-1 pathways, respectively.
Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cytokines ; Dinoprostone ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophages ; NF-kappa B ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinases ; RNA, Messenger ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; Transcription Factors

BACKGROUND: There are a few studies on the effects of job strain on the prevalence of sleep problems in the foreign countries. In Korea, it has not been studied till now. In this article, the combined effects of job strain, shift work and some life style on the prevalence of sleep proplems were studied among workers in middle aged men. METHODS: 998 cases were chosen from 1109 men who visited health screening center from October to November, 1999. Sleep problems were categorized to insomnia, sleep deprivation, daytime sleepiness and snoring on the base of result of factor analysis of 11 questions. Job strain was measured by 11 questions which developed by Karasek and Theorell. All data set were analyzed using Chi square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The 4 sleep proplems were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis in relation to job strain, shift work, occupation, obesity, sedentary life style, smoking, drinking. Insomnia was increased significantly from highest job strain group(Odds ratio (OR:2.02)) and non exercise group(OR:2.05). In these groups, daytime sleepiness was increased significantly(OR=1.92 in the highest job strain group, OR=1.72 in non exercise group). Sleep deprivation was increased in the highest job strain group(OR=2.18), managers & clerks(OR:1.67) and non exercise group(OR:1.78). Snoring was increased from BMI(Body mass index)> OR =25(OR=1.77), BMI> OR =27(OR=2.80) and non exercise group(OR:1.87). CONCLUSION: In the highest job strain group, insomnia, sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness was increased significantly. And sedentary life style increased all sleep problems.
Dataset ; Drinking ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged* ; Obesity ; Occupations ; Prevalence* ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Snoring

Sleep is a necessity for survival, Disruption of sleep leads to numerous adverse physiological and psychological consequences. These could be particularly undesirable for older patients, who are subject to many additional factors. But there is limited research related to hospitalized elderly in Korea. The purpose of the study is to explore sleep patterns and disturbing factors of before and after hospitalization, in order to present basic information regarding elderly sleep to develop nursing intervention. The sample consisted of 32 elderly men and women between the ages of 60 and 87 years. Data collection was done from September to November 1997. Measures of sleep patterns and related factors were obtained from self-reported sleep questionnaires. Analysis of data was done by use of t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In comparison between before and after admission of their sleep pattern, "sleep onset" tends to be delayed and nocturnal sleep time was significantly reduced. So, hospitalized elderly reported less total sleep time than before admission. 2. Regarding the sleep disturbing factors, medication(hypnotics : 37.5%), physiological factor(snoring : 59.4%) environmental factor(pillow : 78.1%), emotional factor(anxiety related to disease : 37.5%), and illness factor(fatigue : 34.7%) were reported. 3. Significant differences in gender were found. Men had more disturbances in sleep than women owing to difficulty in falling a sleep and lack of nocturnal sleep. Women consumed more sleep inducing drugs. Significant increase was reported in napping during the day with increasing age. 4. Significant differences between good sleepers and poor sleepers were found for the following variables : nocturnal sleep time, total sleep time, bed time, sleep onset latency time, sleep latency time after nocturnal awakening, time spent in bed upon arousal, environmental factors, and emotional factors. In conclusion, it was found that the quantity and quality of sleep were significantly altered in hospitalized elderly, but adequate strategies for better sleep were not practiced. Further research is needed to develop intervention strategies to promote sleep and to prevent sleep problems.
Aged* ; Arousal ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Hospitalization* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nursing

Sleep is a necessity for survival, Disruption of sleep leads to numerous adverse physiological and psychological consequences. These could be particularly undesirable for older patients, who are subject to many additional factors. But there is limited research related to hospitalized elderly in Korea. The purpose of the study is to explore sleep patterns and disturbing factors of before and after hospitalization, in order to present basic information regarding elderly sleep to develop nursing intervention. The sample consisted of 32 elderly men and women between the ages of 60 and 87 years. Data collection was done from September to November 1997. Measures of sleep patterns and related factors were obtained from self-reported sleep questionnaires. Analysis of data was done by use of t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In comparison between before and after admission of their sleep pattern, "sleep onset" tends to be delayed and nocturnal sleep time was significantly reduced. So, hospitalized elderly reported less total sleep time than before admission. 2. Regarding the sleep disturbing factors, medication(hypnotics : 37.5%), physiological factor(snoring : 59.4%) environmental factor(pillow : 78.1%), emotional factor(anxiety related to disease : 37.5%), and illness factor(fatigue : 34.7%) were reported. 3. Significant differences in gender were found. Men had more disturbances in sleep than women owing to difficulty in falling a sleep and lack of nocturnal sleep. Women consumed more sleep inducing drugs. Significant increase was reported in napping during the day with increasing age. 4. Significant differences between good sleepers and poor sleepers were found for the following variables : nocturnal sleep time, total sleep time, bed time, sleep onset latency time, sleep latency time after nocturnal awakening, time spent in bed upon arousal, environmental factors, and emotional factors. In conclusion, it was found that the quantity and quality of sleep were significantly altered in hospitalized elderly, but adequate strategies for better sleep were not practiced. Further research is needed to develop intervention strategies to promote sleep and to prevent sleep problems.
Aged* ; Arousal ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Hospitalization* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nursing