Objectives To observe the co-activation phenomenon during exercise fatigue induced by the proximal muscles on the upper limbs.Methods Sixteen undergraduates not majoring in sports participated in this study,and their left arms were chosen as the observed arms and right arms were selected as the weighted arms.The weighted arm was alternatively in the state of relaxation without any load and fatigue after bending and extending elbow joints to uphold a 5 kg dumbbell.However,the observed arm kept weighing a 4 kg dumbbell with 90 degrees elbow flexion until the muscles were exhausted.The surface electromyography of biceps brachii and triceps brachii of the observed arms was measured using the ME6000.And the integrated surface electromyography (IEMG),root of mean square (RMS),mean power frequency (MPF)and median frequency (MF)were further analyzed.Results The IEMG and RMS of biceps brachii and triceps brachii of the observed arms increased gradually after the exercise began (P＜0.05)regardless of in the relaxed state or in the in the state of weighing a 5 kg dumbbell for the weighted arm,but in the state of weighting a 5 kg dumbbell the IEMG and RMS increased more significantly (P＜0.01),Meanwhile the electrical activities of the triceps brachii as an antagonistic muscle were intensively inhibited.The changes of MPF and MF of biceps brachii in the observed arms were more significant in the state of exercise fatigue than in the relaxed state (P＜0.01),but without such an impact on the triceps brachii.Conclusions The fatigue in one arm can trigger contingent changes in sEMG time domain and frequency domain indexes of its contralateral parallel muscles,suggesting that sEMG changes of upper limb proximal muscles have the co-activation effect.

The multi drug resistance(MDR) of tumor cells has become a difficult problem in the chemotherapy of tumor, meanwhile, the mechanism of MDR are various:relevant drugs with reversal effects have been discovered. This review will provide the most impossible mechanisms of MDR and some prospecting reversal drugs.

Objective To analyze and compare the values of applying color Doppler ultrasound in the diag -nosis of testicular torsio and acute epididymo -orchitis.Methods 90 males in our hospital were selected and divided into the testicular torsion group and acute epididymo -orchitis group ,color Doppler ultrasound was applied in the two groups.Results After examination by color Doppler ultrasound ,it showed that there were significant differences in blood supply of testicle ,epididymis between the two groups ,the diagnostic result was accurate with statistical signifi-cance(χ2 =11.408,11.944,P<0.05).Conclusion It can highlight the images and blood supply features of testic-ular torsion and acute epididymo -orchitis that applying color Doppler ultrasound ,and as an economic ,practical ,accu-rate and non-invasive examination ,it can diagnose testicular torsion and acute epididymo -orchitis accurately ,so it's the preference for testicular torsio and acute epididymo -orchitis.

Objective To explore the effect of cryotherapy and compression system in rehabilitation treatment for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament.Methods One hundred and twenty patients who had been treated with reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament were randomly divided into treatment group (60 patients,treated with cryotherapy and compression system) and control group (60 patients,treated with traditional method).All patients was treated for 3 months and followed up for 6 months.The scores of visual analogue scales(VAS),degree of swelling,Lysholm and IKDC scores were observed and compared.Results The scores of VAS in treatment group postoperative 6,24 and 48 h were significantly lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01).The degree of swelling in two groups postoperative 6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,1 week,2 weeks had significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).The degree of swelling in treatment group postoperative 4 weeks,3 months and 6 months was lower than that in control group,but there was no significant difference (P ＞0.05).The scores of Lysholm and IKDC in treatment group postoperative 4 weeks were (65.2 ± 12.3),(65.3 ± 14.3) scores,in control group were (60.2 ± 12.5),(59.4 ± 13.5) scores,there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).The scores of Lysholm and IKDC in two groups postoperative 3,6 months hod no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The cryotherapy and compression system in rehabilitation treatment for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament can improve the effect of early-term rehabilitation training,but has little impact on the long-term rehabilitation training.

ObjectiveTo compare of the thickness of left ventricular wall of Ang Ⅱ induced cardiac hypertrophy model in both TR3 konock-out C57BL/6 mice (TR3-/- mice) and wild type C57BL/6 mice (TR3+/+ mice) by high frequency ultrasound,combined with experimental research to discuss if TR3 take part in the process of cardiac hypertrophy.Methods26 TR3 -/- mice and 33 TR3 +/+ mice were randomized to 2 groups respectively:TR3+/+ + AngⅡ group (27 mice),TR3+/+ + PBS group(6 mice),TR3-/- + Ang Ⅱ group(20 mice),TR3-/- + PBS group(6 mice).Micro-pumps with AngⅡ or PBS were placed into the subcutaneous tissue of mice to construct hypertension model in 4 weeks.Interventricular septum enddiastolic thickness (IVSd) and left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness (LVPWd) were measured by echocardiography 2 days before operation and every week after operation until 4 weeks.Then,mice were killed and mice cardiomyocytes were isolated and detected in lab (HE dyeing test,Western blotting).Results①Echocardiography:before operation,IVSd and LVPWd was not statistically different between TR3+/+ group and TR3-/- group( P ＞0.05).1 - 2 weeks after operation,IVSd and LVPWd had peaked in both TR3-/- + Ang Ⅱ group and TR3 +/+ + Ang Ⅱ group,IVSd and LVPWd in TR3 +/+ + Ang Ⅱgroup were significantly thicker than control group (TR3 +/+ + PBS group) ( P ＜0.05),IVSd and LVPWd in TR3-/-+ AngⅡ group were slightly thicker than control group (TR3-/- + PBS group) ( P ＜0.05).Compared with TR3-/- + Ang Ⅱ group,IVSd and LVPWd in TR3+/+ + Ang Ⅱ group were markedly increased( P ＜0.05).After 4 weeks operation,IVSd and LVPWd of all 4 groups were not statistically different than that in the 2nd week.②HE dyeing test:The cell size of cardiomyocytes in TR3+/+ mice increased significantly after Ang Ⅱ treatment,while TR3-/- mice did not.③ Western blotting:Ang Ⅱ promoted TR3 expressions in TR3 +/+ mice( P ＜0.05).ConclusionsTR3 do take part in the process of Ang Ⅱ induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice and it is a key factor in this process.

Objective To study the significance of radiotherapy of mediastinal metastasis after radical surgery for thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Methods Seventy six patients with esophageal carcinoma who developed mediastinal metastasis 3～18 months after radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The size of mediastinal metastasis was 3?cm in 32. Nine of these patients had metastasis in neck lymph nodes and 3 had distant metastasis as well. Radiotherapy was given with a Cobalt 60 unit. The radiation dose ranged from 10.8?Gy to 75.0?Gy by conventional fractionation. Results Nine patients did not finish radiotherapy and all of them died within one year of (after) treatment. The mean of survival time was 4.9 months. Sixty seven patients received radiation of 50～70?Gy. The corresponding overall survivals at 1, 2, and 3 years were 75.0% (57/76), 27.6% (21/76) and 9.2% (7/76), respectively. Conclusion Radical radiotherapy may improve the prognosis with an appropriate tumor dose of 65～75?Gy.

Central nervous system (CNS) injury, including brain injury and spinal cord injury, has higher disability and mortality. Therefore, CNS injury repair has been a research emphasis and focus in the field of neuroscience. The limited neurons intrinsic regenerative capacity in adult mammalians is one of the reasons of regeneration difficulties after CNS injury. However, the more important reason is the formation of inhibitive glial microenvironment at the local lesion sites. This article reviews the roles of all types of cells, such as astrocyte, microglia, taxi oligodendroglia in gtial microenvironment in CNS injury repair.

The application of recanalization devices in patients with acute iscbemic stroke has significantly increased the rate of vascular recanalization, however it does not significantly improve the outcome of patients. So, there have been controversies whether continue to restrict recanalization devices to clinical trials or direct transition to clinical practice in the absence of randomized controlled trial evidence.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the safety of influenza A/H1N1 vaccine. METHODS:1 200 medical staff who were vaccinated influenza A/H1N1 vaccine on Oct. 27 th of 2009 were followed up on next day. Those cases of severe hematuria and proteinuria were analyzed and reported. RESULTS:A 32 years old woman developed abdominal pain,lumbago,accompanied by frequent urination,urgency of urination and odynuria in 20 hours after vaccinated influenza A/H1N1 vaccine. Routine urine tests showed dark red turbid urine,RBC(+ + +),proteinuria(+ + +). 20 days later,the index of routine urine test returned to normal. CONCLUSION:Hematuria and proteinuria caused by influenza A/H1N1 vaccine shows rare adverse reaction while great importance should be attached to it.

Vitamin D is a group of steroid hormones.Studies in recent years have shown that vitamin D is associated with the incidence of cerebral infarction,the severity of infarction,and functional outcome.In addition to the indirect effect of vascular risk factors,vitamin D may also play the direct protective effect by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress after cerebral infarction.