A clinical observation was made on the injuries of genitourinary tract of the in-patient in the department of urology, Chungnam National University Hospital during the period from March, 1974 to February, 1978. The results are as follows. 1. Of 403 cases hospitalized, 73 cases were injury of genitourinary tract, giving a ratio of 18.1 %. 2. The most prevalent age was from 21 to 40 for 49.3 %. The sex ratio, male to female, was 3.3:1. 3. There was increasing tendency of genitourinary tract injury annually. 4. Traffic accident, fall or straddle and kick or blow were the most frequent causes of the injury in 23.3 % respectively and the next was iatrogenic in 15.1 %. 5. The urethra was involved most frequently in 45.2 % and the next was bladder in 23.3 % the kidney in 19.2 %, the external genitalia in 8.2 % and the ureter in 4.1 %. 6. Among the 17 cases of bladder injuries, 10 cases were vesico-vaginal fistulas. All 9 patients taken repair of fistula, were cured successfully with first attempt. 7. Operation was performed in 5 cases of 14 renal injuries. 8. Three of 7 bladder ruptures were accompanied with pelvic bone fracture. 9. 10 of 33 urethral injuries were accompanied with pelvic bone fracture. Posterior urethral injury was more common in traffic accident with pelvic bone fracture and bulbous urethral injury was more common in straddle injury.
Accidents, Traffic ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Female ; Fistula ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Pelvic Bones ; Rupture ; Sex Ratio ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology

Determination of immunoglobulin in prostatic secretion and serum by radial immunodiffusion method was used in the diagnosis of prostatitis. The study was performed in 16 normal healthy men and 45 prostatitis patients. The results were as follows; 1 Significant elevation of IgG and IgA in Prostatic fluid of patients with prostatitis was obtained. 2. Ratio of IgA in prostatic secretion to immunoglobulin in serum was increased in patients with prostatitis than normal healthy men.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins* ; Male ; Prostatitis*

Author attempted to confirm characteristic mental symptoms of chronic prostatitis. 953 people of normal subjects, 336 patients of depressive neurotics and 183 patients of anxiety neurotics participated in this survey and each of the above groups was compared with 80 patients of chronic prostatitis respectively with intention of collection of anticipated data by means of Zung's Self-Rating Depressive Scale. Each of those groups was compared with calculated mean and standard deviation through t-test. Based on calculated means and standard deviations of each item, chronic prostatitis was compared with normal subjects, depressive neurotics and anxiety neurotics respectively by means of t-test. Each item was arranged in the order of means comparing chronic prostatitis with normal subjects, depressive neurotics and anxiety neurotics respectively. The above results are summarized as follows : 1. The degree of depressive symptom of chronic prostatitis was between that of normal subject and depressive or anxiety neurotics. 2. The psychologic symptom of chronic prostatitis patients appears to he more pronounced than that of normal subjects but physiologic symptom does not appear to be of considerable significance. 3. Depressive degree of chronic prostatitis was lower than depressive neurotics except 2 out of 20 items. 4. Comparing chronic prostatitis with anxiety neurotics, psychologic symptoms appeared to be more pronounced, but physiologic symptoms appeared to be more pronounced in anxiety neurotics. 5. There was no definitive correlation between psychological and physiological symptoms in anxiety neurotics. Chronic prostatitis patients, normal subjects, and depressive neurotics marked high in psychologic symptoms. From the above results, it could be concluded that depression of chronic prostatitis was originally similar to that of depressive neurotics and that the aspect of the quantity is of triviality.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Intention ; Prostatitis*

Though the occurrence of multiple primary malignant tumor is a rare finding but the reported cases of it has increased in recent years. We collected multiple primary cancer of different organ, tissue and the multicentric origin of bilaterally paired organs. This paper reports 6 cases of multiple primary malignant tumors which were experienced at Yeungnam university hospital in Taegu during the past 2 years with review of journals. The results were as follows. 1. The incidence of multiple primary cancer was 0.31% for 2 years (1987-1988). 2. The ratio between male and female was 1:1 and mean age of incidence was 54.1 years. 3. The ratio between synchronous and metachronous (interval more than 6 months) was 1:1. 4. The time interval between first and second cancer was average 2.7 years in metachronous cases. 5. The most frequent involved organ was stomach, breast and colon in order of frequency. 6. The incidence of familial cancer associations was found in one out of 6 cases. 7. The test of DNCB, multitest CMI and ratio of T4 to T8 were performed in 4 cases but there was no definitive evidence of abnormality. We concluded that every effort should be made to discover the presence of synchronous malignancies in the patients who are being treated for a known tumor, and also special care should be given to detect new metachronous lesions is required.
Breast ; Colon ; Daegu ; Dinitrochlorobenzene ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Stomach

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of student ratings of instruction by analyzing their relationships with several variables, including gender, academic rank, specialty, teaching time, and teaching method, at a medical school. METHODS: This study analyzed the student ratings of 297 courses at Ajou University School of Medicine in 2013. SPSS version 12.0 was used to analyze the data and statistics by t-test, analysis of variance, and Scheffe test. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in student ratings between gender, rank, and specialty. However, student ratings were significantly influenced by teaching times and methods (p<0.05). Student ratings were high for teaching times of 10 hours or more and small-group learning, compared with lectures. There was relatively mean differences in students ratings by teaching times, specialty and rank, although the difference in ratings was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Student ratings can be classified by teaching time and method for summative purposes. To apply student ratings to the evaluation of the performance of faculty, further studies are needed to analyze the variables that influence student ratings.
*Attitude ; *Curriculum ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Faculty/standards ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Schools, Medical ; *Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching/*standards

From March 1982 to June 1985, Serum FSH, LH and prolactin were taken in 85 normal males, 37 benign prostatic hyperplasia and 7 prostatic carcinomas, Radioimmunoassay resulted in the following findings. 1. Serum FSH is seen to increase steadily with age in both normal subjects and patients with BPH. No difference was found in the value of the FSH between the 2 group. 2. Serum LH is seen to increase sharply after 70 years of age but level of LH in the benign prostatic hyperplasia do not reflect this age related increment. 3. Serum prolactin is seen to remain relatively unchanged in the normal male through adult life. No difference was observed between patients with BPH and normal age-matched control.
Adult ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans ; Male ; Prolactin* ; Prostatic Diseases* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Radioimmunoassay

We report on a case of successful management of a patient with abdominal aortic rupture requiring massive blood transfusion during the peri-operative period. The patient had fully recovered 19 days after the operation, through intra-operative cardiac arrest and massive transfusion. We analyze a process of blood transfusion and related complications resulting from massive transfusion in order to establish a treatment for peri-operative patients with hypovolemic shock.
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Aortic Rupture ; Blood Transfusion ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Rupture* ; Shock

Vascular anomalies are congenital localized abnormalities that result from improper development and maintenance of the vasculature. The lesions of vascular anomalies vary in location, type, and clinical severity of the phenotype, and the current treatment options are often unsatisfactory. Most vascular anomalies are sporadic, but patterns of inheritance have been noted in some cases, making genetic analysis relevant. Developments in the field of genomics, including next-generation sequencing, have provided novel insights into the genetic and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vascular anomalies. These insights may pave the way for new approaches to molecular diagnosis and potential disease-specific therapies. This article provides an introduction to genetic testing for vascular anomalies and presents a brief summary of the etiology and genetics of vascular anomalies.

PURPOSE: To report a case of pigment dispersion syndrome and reverse pupillary block secondary to the implantation of implantable collamer lens (ICL) with a central hole (AQUA ICL®) that was treated with ICL removal and laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). CASE SUMMARY: A 29-year-old woman with myopia in both eyes underwent implantation of AQUA ICL®. Four weeks postoperatively, the intraocular pressure (IOP) increased to 34 mm Hg and the patient showed pigment dispersion syndrome in both eyes. Since the IOP did not reduce with the maximum tolerable medical therapy, the ICLs were removed 8 weeks after implantation. The pigment dispersion subsided and IOP reduced shortly after ICL removal. However, 4 weeks after removal of ICL, posterior iris bowing and reverse pupillary block occurred in the right eye and the IOP increased to 46 mm Hg. LPI was performed in the right eye, and the reverse pupillary block was dissolved after a reduction in pigment dispersion. The IOP subsequently normalized to 13 mm Hg. Two weeks later, prophylactic LPI was performed in the left eye. Four weeks after prophylactic LPI, selective laser trabeculoplasty was performed on both eyes. As a result, the IOP was 11 mm Hg in the right eye and 12 mm Hg in the left eye after 4 weeks of treatment with topical IOP-lowering medications. CONCLUSIONS: The present case indicates that implantation of ICL with a central hole can lead to early postoperative pigment dispersion syndrome. When this condition persists and is accompanied by reverse pupillary block after ICL removal, LPI can be partially effective.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Myopia ; Trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: To analyze and characterize the radiologic findings of lobular carcinoma of the breast, a carcinoma which is very rare in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with pathologically proven lobular carcinoma were included in this study. Mammography was performed in all patients and ultrasonography in six. Clinical manifestations, mammographic findings and ultrasonographic findings were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 45.9 years and the most common clinical manifestation was palpable breast mass (9/12). Radiologic findings of lobular carcinoma were spiculation (11/12), mass density (8/12), asymmetric vessel (6/12), and microcalcifications (6/12). Ultrasonography showed intermediate or lower echoic mass (4/6). Posterior enhancements and shadowings were noted in the same proportion. Breast MRI in two patients showed mass lesion with rapid strong enhancement at 1 minute after contrast injection on dynamic study. Tumor stages were stage II (6/12) followed by stage I (3/12), and most advanced case was stage IIIb. CONCLUSION: On mammogram, the most common finding of lobular carcinoma of the breast was spiculation, and calcifications showed more frequently than in other reports. Ultrasound study showed ellipsoid mass with transverse long axis. Internal echogenicity and posterior sonic enhancement or shadowing of the mass were not characteristic of the tumor.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Lobular* ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Ultrasonography