BACKGROUND: Suicide is a self-destructive behavior that can occur throughout life. Recently the suicide rate has gradually increased in Korea. Suicide is the third most common cause of death in adolescents. The most important factOrs closely related to suicide were depression and hopelessness. This study aimed to analyze first, relationships between suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem, second, the differences between the demographic factors and suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem. METHODS: This study was surveyed with a questionaire to 220 students of colleges located in Pusan. The instruments were used in this study were Harters(1988) Self-Perception Profile for College Students, Harter and Robinsons(1988) Approval Support Scale for Adolescents, Becks(1961) Beck Depression Inventory, Becks(1974) Beck Hopelessness Scale and Reynolds(1987) Suicidal ideation Questionaire. RESULTS: Self-esteem had a relatively strong positive correlation with social support. Suicidal ideation had a strong positive correlation with depression. Depression had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. Suicidal ideation had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, the major factors related to suicidal tendency of adolescents were depression, low self-esteem, and low social support. Then the strategy to improve self-esteem and to encourage social support should be implemented for adolescents to prevent suicide.
Adolescent ; Busan* ; Cause of Death ; Demography ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Self Concept ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

No abstract available in English.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Dislocations ; Methods

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle*

We evaluated the antitumor activity and toxicity of recombinant human interferon gamma (LBD -001) as a new modality for advanced renal cell carcinoma from March, 1988 to August, 1989 at the Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. Eleven patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were given recombinant gamma interferon at dose of 5.0-7.6 x 106U/day, subcutaneously three days per week. Among eleven patients, only one achieved partial response. Major adverse effects included fever, fatigue, myalgia and leukopenia, but no life threatening side effects were found. Although recombinant human interferon gamma have an antitumor activity against advanced renal cell carcinoma, further study is necessary to define the optimal treatment regimen.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Fatigue ; Fever ; Humans ; Interferons* ; Leukopenia ; Myalgia ; Urology

PURPOSE: The success rate of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy has been increasing with the development of better instruments and techniques. We conducted this study to evaluate the clinical results of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy using a Microdebrider, which has also been used for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. METHODS: We selected 76 patients (with a total of 84 affected eyes) who had been diagnosed with a nasolacrimal duct obstruction. These patients underwent an endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy using a Microdebrider, which removed both nasal mucosa and lacrimal sac mucosa and also trimmed the margins of the ostotomy site. We assessed patients' outcomes on an anatomical basis using a dye test and endoscopy, which were used to define the anatomical success. We also arbitrarily defined functional success as whether the subjective epiphora was absent. At a four to 18 month follow-up, we monitored the clinical course to examine any recurrent episodes. RESULTS: The symptoms were alleviated in 72 eyes, with a primary success rate of 85.7%. On nasal endoscopy, a functional failure was seen in four eyes. In these four eyes, the orifice was narrowed by the presence of either granulation tissue or conjunctivochalasis. By contrast, surgical outcomes were the anatomical failure in eight eyes. In these eight eyes, the orifice was obstructed by the presence of granulation tissue as well as the adhesion of nasal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy using a Microdebrider enabled us to make the large fistula while minimizing the damage of adjacent tissue. It might be the recommended surgery that reduces the complications and enhances the success rate.
Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies ; Miniaturization ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/*surgery ; Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Female ; Equipment Design ; *Endoscopy ; Debridement/*instrumentation ; Dacryocystorhinostomy/*methods ; Aged ; Adult ; Adolescent

No abstract available.
Hysterectomy*

No abstract available.
Hysterectomy*

A retrospective study of 24 partial cystectomies done between April, 1978 and October, 1982 was undertaken to evaluate the proper role of the procedure in the treatment of bladder carcinoma. The following results were obtained:1. During this period, there were 84 cases of bladder tumor and partial cystectomy was performed in 24 cases(28.6%). 2. there were 20 males and 4 females with a ratio of 5:1 and 62.5 per cent of the patients were over 50 years old. 3. 54 per cent of the patients visited the hospital within 3 months after the occurrence of the initial symptom, 95.8 per cent within 1 year. 4. The most common presenting symptoms were hematuria (100%), frequent urination (45.8%), painful urination (29.1%) and voiding difficulty(25%). 5. The most common site of origin was lateral wall(58.3%) and 25% of the patients were located at the dome of bladder. 6. Of the entire group of 24 patients 15 cases were followed up. High stage(B2 or C) or high grade(III or IV)tumor recurred in all cases and recurred earlier than low stage or low grade tumor. In conclusion, partial cystectomy is adequate treatment for low stage and low grade bladder tumor.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cystectomy* ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urination

Politano-Leadbetter method has been widely used in ureteroneocystostomy these days, we encounter some cases not suitable for this method, For example, in case the ureter was not properly long enough or in the process of making submucosal tunnel vesical mucosa happens to be irregulary dissected due to vesical inflammation, other useful method of vesicoureteral reimplantation is necessary. therefore, instead of making the submucosal tunnel, enough length of the intravesical ureter, which was the most important factor in preventing vesicoureteral reflux, was made protruded into the bladder lumen with free end method and modified Politano-Leadbetter method. these maneuvers well permit value-like flatting or closing of the distal ureteral segment during periods of increased intravesical pressure. We have performed experimental ureteroneocystostomy in 8 dogs, 16 ureters with simple free end method (group 1) and modified Politano-Leadbetter method(group 2)in two groups and two dogs were used as control. The procedure of free end method is a no-tunnel `drop-in` with a long segment protruding into the bladder lumen and that of modified Politano-Leadbetter method is as follows. The intravesical ureter is placed beneath the incised bladder mucosa without submucosal tunnelling and the spatulated distal end of the ureter is sutured with bladder mucosa. In control group ureteroneocystomy was performed by Politano-Leadbetter method. The roentgenographic findings and gross appearance of the kidney and ureter were observed in the 5 weeks after the operation. The anastomosis site was also observed histologically. The results obtained were as follows: 1. No vesicoureteral reflux was found cystographically in both group. 2. Hydronephrosis and obstruction at the anastomosis site were found in one out of 8 ureters in each group by intravenous urography. 3. Renal enlargement and chronic inflammation and fibrosis at the anastomosis site were noted in one out of 8 ureters in each group by gross and microscopical examination. 4. In group 2, modified Politano-Leadbetter method, it was found that the intravesical ureter was covered by regenerated vesical submucosal tissue microscopically. Through this study it is concluded that these two methods are useful to be performed for the ureteroneocystostomy when the submucosal tunnel technique is not suitable.
Animals ; Dogs* ; Fibrosis ; Hydronephrosis ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Mucous Membrane ; Replantation ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

No abstract available.
Rheumatic Fever*