BACKGROUND: Suicide is a self-destructive behavior that can occur throughout life. Recently the suicide rate has gradually increased in Korea. Suicide is the third most common cause of death in adolescents. The most important factOrs closely related to suicide were depression and hopelessness. This study aimed to analyze first, relationships between suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem, second, the differences between the demographic factors and suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem. METHODS: This study was surveyed with a questionaire to 220 students of colleges located in Pusan. The instruments were used in this study were Harters(1988) Self-Perception Profile for College Students, Harter and Robinsons(1988) Approval Support Scale for Adolescents, Becks(1961) Beck Depression Inventory, Becks(1974) Beck Hopelessness Scale and Reynolds(1987) Suicidal ideation Questionaire. RESULTS: Self-esteem had a relatively strong positive correlation with social support. Suicidal ideation had a strong positive correlation with depression. Depression had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. Suicidal ideation had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, the major factors related to suicidal tendency of adolescents were depression, low self-esteem, and low social support. Then the strategy to improve self-esteem and to encourage social support should be implemented for adolescents to prevent suicide.
Adolescent ; Busan* ; Cause of Death ; Demography ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Self Concept ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

No abstract available.
DNA Fingerprinting* ; DNA* ; Humans* ; Papilloma*

Background: This study was conducted to compare the job stress, resilience, and burnout levels of small and medium-sized hospital nurses working at National safety hospitals and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) dedicated hospitals, and to identify influencing factors on burnout. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study and research participants were nurses at small and medium-sized hospitals working at National safety hospitals and COVID-19 dedicated hospitals. Data from 292 nurses collected using a structured questionnaires from April 1 to 30, 2020 were used. Data was analyzed using multiple regression analyses. Results: As a result of this study, there was a significant difference in stress on job demand and job resources of nurses working at National safety hospital type B and COVID-19 dedicated Hospital. There was no difference in job stress and resilience of nurses among types of hospitals. As a result of multiple regression, stress to job demands and resilience were factors influencing the level of exhaustion of nurses. Stress to job demands and job resources and resilience were factors influencing the level of disengagement of nurses. Conclusions Considering the results of this study, it is suggested to introduce strategies to reduce nurses’ job stress and burnout caused by COVID-19.

The outcomes of treatment of 31 patients who were managed by single visual internal urethrotomy were compared with those of 25 patients managed by perineal urethroplasty to asses whether the replacement of almost urethroplasty by the simpler urethrotomy was justified. The overall successful results were achieved in 51.6% of visual internal urethrotomy and 76%, of urethroplasty. Patients with anterior urethral strictures more than 1 cm long or completely obliterated strictures had higher failure rates in the visual internal urethrotomy than urethroplasty (p<0.05). The morbidity rates were 9.6% in the visual internal urethrotomy and 24% in the urethroplasty. We recommend that visual internal urethrotomy be reserved for patients with urethral strictures 1 cm or less in length and posterior urethral stricture which is supposed to have a high recurrence rate since the procedure is simple and it does not compromise asecondary urethroplasty.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Equidae ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Urethral Stricture*

Purpura fulminans is a potentially disabling and life-threatening disorder characterized by acute onset of progressive cutaneous hemorrhage and necrosis on distal extremities, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. We experienced a case of purpura fulminans due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. A 42-year-old women presented with skin petechiae, ecchymosis and gangrene on distal extremities with laboratory evidence of DIC. The latex agglutination test with CSF was positive at Streptococcus pneumoniae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of purpura fulminans caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in Korea.
Adult ; Dacarbazine ; Ecchymosis ; Extremities ; Female ; Gangrene ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Necrosis ; Purpura Fulminans* ; Purpura* ; Sepsis ; Skin ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

BACKGROUND: When one of family members must be treated, the others are required to get various forms of changes including modification of their proper roles in the family. Particularily when he or she can not perform his or her activities of daily living(ADL) owing to functional impairment by himself or herself, there seems to be greater dependence upon his or her family. Accordingly, we tried to give help in the treatment of patients through the comparative analysis concerning functional impairment in both groups on the assumption that there is difference of family function between two family groups which have a patient in family, or not. METHODS: This study was carried out to 83 inpatients in Sun Hospital in Dae Jeon and local rehabilitation clinics in Iksan from 1. July. 1995 to 31. Jun. 1996. We evaluated activites of daily living by using modified Barthel Index(MBI) and classified them into dependent group with 60 points or less(6roup I ), and independent group with more than 60 points(Group II). We also used Family APGAR score and FACES III to evaluate their family functions. RESULTS: MBI scores to evaluate ADL were 42.9+/-15.6 in Group I and 82.1+/-17.9 in Group II. Family APGAR scores were 6.93+/-2.52 in Group I and 7.24+/-17.9 in Group II but there was no significance between two groups. Types of family according to Family APGAR score were highly functional, morderate dysfunctional, and severly dysfunctional one in order of frequency in both groups, but there was no significance in their frequencies in both groups. Types of Family in view of cohesion was disengaged, separated, connected, and enmeshed one in order of frequency in Group I, and separated, disengaged, connected, and enmeshed one in order of frequency in Group II but there was no significance between two groups. Types of family in view of adaptability were rigid, chaotic structured,and flexible one in order of frequency in Group I, and were flexible, structured, rigid, and chaotic one in orders in Group II, which showed significance between two groups. Extremal types of family structure were large in numbers in Group I, but it didnt show significance. CONCLUSIONS: Assuming that there were large numbers of rigid and chaotic family in Group I, it is considered that tne family which has a patient with severely impaired function seems to have weaker adaptability to their family stresses than otherwise. Therefore, it is desirable that physicians who take charge of such patients provide continuous and comprehensive medical care for them including their family with greater concerns and through analysis and assessment of their family functions.
Activities of Daily Living ; Apgar Score ; Daejeon ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Jeollabuk-do ; Rehabilitation* ; Solar System

Cisternography is isotopic demonstration of CSF dynamics, CSF rate & pathways, by scintillation scanning of the head after intrathecal administration of RISA. We have investigated the cisternographic findings in the hydrocephalus patients in view of the diagnosis and prognostic criteria. Cisternography provides the etiology & classification of hydrocephalus and reliable indication of CSF shunt operation. We found correlation between prolonged ventricular retention, delayed migration, inadequate clearance of the isotope and favorable response to shunting.
Classification ; Diagnosis* ; Head ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus*

Background: Parental attention is crucial for preventing childhood oral diseases. Mothers play a significant role in maintaining theirfamilies’ oral health, and their educational level influences their children’s oral health behaviors. This study investigates the impact of mothers’ educational levels on adult oral health behaviors using data from a national survey. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data. The data used were obtained from the 8th KoreaNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated to identify participant characteristics.Next, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the effects of the explanatory variables on the distribution of the dependent variable. Finally, logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of the explanatory variable on the dependent variable, using “no education” as the reference value, and calculate the odds ratios. Results: Children of mothers with a college education or higher had a 1.13 times higher likelihood of receiving oral examinationsthan those whose mothers had no education. Children whose mothers graduated from college or higher had a 2.23 times higher probability of receiving preventative dental treatment than those whose mothers had no education. Children whose mothers graduated from college or higher had a 1.92 times higher probability of receiving scaling than those whose mothers had no education. Children whose mothers graduated from high school had a 1.35 times higher probability of receiving scaling than those whose mothers had no education. Conclusion Developing oral health programs is important for low-educated and low-income parents to change theirs and theirchildren’s oral health behaviors/attitudes. This will help reduce oral health disparities among adults raised by parents of higher and lower socioeconomic statuses. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is essential for adults to maintain good oral health, regardless of variations in their parental educational levels during childhood.

No abstract available.
Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Mass Screening

PURPOSE: Viagra(sildenafil citrate) is a new oral medication that selectively inhibits phsphodiestarase-5(PDE5) in the corpus cavernosum to facilitate penile erection for the treatment for male impotence. We report a case of retinal hemorrhage associated with Viagra intake. METHOD: A 71-year-old male without known systemic disease visited with suddenly decreased visual acuity of 4 days duration in the Rt. eye. He intermittenly took 2 tablets of Viagra(50 mg) during 2 months and the symptom occurred 2 days after his last taking of Viagra. His corrected visual acuity was 0.3 in the Rt. eye and 1.0 in the Lt. eye. Several ophthalmologic examination was performed. RESULTS: Fundus exam revealed multiple dot hemorrhage with corresponding block fluorescence in the superior area of macula and superotemporal area of posterior pole. Inferonasal area visual field defect was detected by Goldmann perimetry and ERG finding was decreased maximal scotopic b wave ampitude. Ten weeks later, retinal hemorrhage was almost absorbed, but visual field defect and visual acuity did not improve.
Aged ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Fluorescence ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Retinal Hemorrhage* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tablets ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields ; Sildenafil Citrate