By analyzing repeated judicial expertise cases of illegal practice,we find it a serious threat to patients' health and safety,and more deep-seated reasons for illegal medical practice of medicine are discovered as follows.Investigators and expertise staff have to face legal,ethical,social and other factors when judging the relationship between illegal medical practice and adverse consequences(patient injury or death),which are quite worth exploration in depth to clear up the complicated relationships.

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) has been recognised as a definite clinical entity as an ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. It has been known that the incidence of OLF is high in Japan and OLF usually occurs in the thoracic and lumbar region. Recently OLF has received considerable attention as a cause of myelopathy. OLF is quite distinct from “hypertrophy” of the ligamentum flvum. We experienced 2 cases of OLF with neurological symptom, which were treated by decompressive laminectomy and removal of the ossified ligamentum flavum. So remarkable symptomatic improvement was obtained.
Incidence ; Japan ; Laminectomy ; Ligamentum Flavum ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Lumbosacral Region ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gram-Negative Bacteria* ; Interleukin-2* ; Mice*

After Drainage implant surgery, erosion of conjunctiva or cornea over tube can occur about 5%in late postoperative period. Scleral allograft for exposed tube should be used to prevent secondary infection. We report three glaucoma patients treated graft with autologous buccal mucosal transplantation for recurrent tube exposure. First case was a 68-year-old male patient with neovascular glaucoma due to central retinal vein occlusion. Second case was a 37-year-old female patient with pseudophakic glaucoma. Third case was a 70-year-old male patient with diabetic neovascular glaucoma. Ahmed glaucoma valve implant surgeries were done for three patients. For tube exposure, we used autologous buccal mucosal transplantation. There was no recurrent erosion and intraocular pressure was maintained well more than 6 months of follow-up. In cases for tube exposure, we introduce that autologous buccal mucosal transplantation can be used to treat tube exposure.
Adult ; Aged ; Allografts* ; Coinfection ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Drainage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Retinal Vein ; Transplants

PURPOSE: We report a case of head injury patient that showed a typical glucose hypometabolism in Positron Emission Tomogram(PET). But that case shows no abnormal finding in ophthalmological and radiological study except homonymous hemianopsia. METHODS: A 22 year-old female patient was referred for the ophthalmologic handicap check-up. She had past history of brain injury by traffic accident an 1 year ago. Her corrected visual acuity was 1.0 and IOP was normal. She did not show the opthalmologic, neurologic abnormality, and electrophysiologic examination except for the left homonymous hemianopsia on visual field test. Computerized Tomogram(CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) study show no abnormalities. Positron Emission Tomogram(PET) was performed to find an visual cortical lesion. RESULTS: Positron Emission Tomogram(PET) show diffuse hypometabolism in the bilateral posterior frontoparietal cortex and associated hypometabolism in the visual cortex.
Accidents, Traffic ; Brain Injuries ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Electrons* ; Female ; Glucose ; Head* ; Hemianopsia ; Humans ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Cortex ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promotion behavior of fire officers in Korea. METHODS: It was a descriptive study. The subjects were comprised of 104 fire officers by self-reported questionnaires from January to February 2012. The instruments used for this study were a health belief, self-efficacy and health promotion lifestyle profile II. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: The scores of health promotion behavior of fire officers were 2.76 (on a 4-point scale) and of health belief were 2.98 (on a 4-point scale), followed by perceived benefits at 3.45, perceived seriousness at 3.02, perceived sensitiveness at 2.82, perceived barriers at 2.23, and self-efficacy at 3.04 (on a 4-point scale). The health promotion behavior was very closely correlated with the health belief (r=0.49, p<.001). In the sub region, perceived benefit was correlated (r=0.28 p=.005) and the perceived seriousness (r=0.38, p<.001), the perceived sensitiveness (r=0.36, p<.001), and self-efficacy (r=0.55, p<.001) were correlated. Two significant variables influencing health promotion behavior of fire officer were self-efficacy and perceived seriousness (explained 41.0%). CONCLUSION: It suggested that self-efficacy and perceived seriousness should be considered when developing a fire officers's health promoting program.
Fires ; Health Promotion ; Life Style ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the infection status of HIV/AIDS patients complicated with pneumocystis Carinii Poneumonia(PCP),and the role of CD4+ T lymphocyte in PCP.Methods PC was detected by Giemsa's staining and CD4+ T lymphocyte was counted by flow cytometry.Meanwhile,this text calculated and compared a series of indexes about PC infection,such as the total positive rate,the average annual positive rate,the average monthly positive rate,the positive rate between female and male,the positive rate between sputum and BALF specimens,and the relationship between the positive rate and CD4+ T lymphocyte count.Results The total positive rate about PC infection of the 1 806 eases of sputum specimens was 46.8％,and the incidence mainly from April to July during a year,and the positive rates were 46.3％ and 50.2％ for males and females respectively.The results showed that there were no significant differences when compared with the average annual positive rate ( P ＞ 0.05 ),but there were significant differences when compared with the average monthly positive rate ( P ＜ 0.05 ),the positive rate between female and male(P＞0.05),and among 3 formerly defined ranges of CD4+count(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Giemsa's staining showed the total positive rate was 46.8％ of the HIV/AIDS patients infected by PC with sputum specimens,which represented a seasonal fluctuation tendency.The positive rate of BALF was higher than that in sputum,and it increased with CD4+ count decreasing.Giemsa's staining was an efficient,simple and feasible way for PC detection and easy for generalization.Meanwhile,it is strongly relied on the operator's experience and skill.

Objective To use a simple bedside technique to verify the pathophysiological mechanism of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in different races. Method The Valsalva maneuver (VM) was performed in patients referred to a specialty PH clinic. The blood pressure response of patients to VM was in different fashions. The blood pressure (BP) was measured by using cuff and stethoscope. When the cuff was inflated to 15 mmHg above the systolic pressure, sound could be heard by auscultation during VM and when the cuff was deflated the sound disappeared over 3 heart beats which was considered as abnormal BP response, and less than 3 heart beats defined as normal BP response. The right heart catheterization in patients with PH as a part of the standard evaluation. Results This study included 84 patients with a mean age of (63 ± 16) years. Those with abnormal BP response to VM had higher pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) [(22.5±6.6) vs. (11.9±4.3) mmHg, P ＜0.0001] and lower pulmonary vascular resistance [(5.8 ± 4.0) vs. (8.1 ± 4.6 ) WU, P = 0.01]. Blood pressure response to VM did not correlate with mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure [(46.2 ± 9.9) vs. (43.4 ±10.4) mmHg, P =0.20] or cardiac index (both 2.4 ± 0.6 L/min/m2). The abnormal BP response to VM had high sensitivity (89.4%), specificity (86.1%) and accuracy (86.9%) for determining PAWP＞ 15 mmHg.Conclusions BP response to Valsalva maneuver provides important information about left heart filling pressures in patients with PH.

This study was aimed to apply the electronic nose (E-nose) in the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The discussion was made on difficulties of using E-nose. The solution plan was proposed and the discrimination model was established. It provided a simple, rapid and effective analysi method in the identification of TCM. It also provided new ideas for the research and application of gas sensor arrays. E-nose was used in the ex-traction of TCM scent characteristics. Based on ion mobility spectrometry of MOS sensor, the fingerprint of TCM scent was established. The maximum response value of the sensor was used as analysis index. According to the diffi-culties of identification, two solution plans were proposed. Firstly, different detectors were employed to complete the classification. Secondly, radial basis function (RBF) and random forests (RF) were combined and then a cascade classifier was constructed in order to achieve the maximum of information obtained in conditions where the number of measurements, metal oxide semiconductor sensors in E-nose was limited. The results showed that both plans were accurate and practical with relatively high upper correct judge rate and better cross-validation (The highest upper correct judge rates were 95% and 100%, 96% and 80%, respectively). It was concluded that this study firstly ap-plied cascade classifier in the establishment of TCM identification by E-nose. With limited amount of sensors, the maximum information was received through data mining. Using E-nose in the identification of TCM was rapid and accurate. The established pattern recognition method was maneuverable with accurate identification rate and stability compared to conventional sensory identification method. It provided a simple and rapid analysis method for the iden-tification of TCM.

AlM: To analyze personality traits in preoperative patients who undergolaser in situ keratomileusis ( LASlK) and to provide psychological basis for the selection of refractive surgery.
METHODS: Eligible patientswere seeking customized LASlK (group A n=53), conventional LASlK(group B n=75)and non-operation patients with ametropia (group C n=71 ) , who completed 16 personality factor questionnaires (16PF). Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA by SPSS11. 0 software package.
RESULTS: Compared to group C, patients in group A scored high on dominance and tension levels, and low on emotional stability level(P<0. 05), while patients in group B were more venturesome and more experimenting, but were less vigilant ( P<0. 05 ). Additionally, there were statistical differences between group A and group B on dominance, gallantry and vigilance respectively(P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: The data indicates that personality profiles of LASlK patients with refractive error influence their decision for correction. Patients need suitable psychological assessment before surgery who actively chose customized LASlK seem to be more assertive and suspicious.