Bromidrosis is a disorder characterized by rancid body odor which influences a patient's social life and mental health. The therapeutic modalities and the mechanism of bromidrosis have been carefully studied, however, there have been few reports about the genetic inheritance of bromidrosis. We investigated the family history of 42 patients who were operated on for bromidrosis and followed up to the third generation in 10 cases. The results were as follows: Results of investigation which were followed up the second generation. The fathers of five patients and the mothers of 11 patients had bromidrosis in 18 male patients. The fathers of six patients and the mothers of 12 patients had bromidrosis in 24 female patients. Thirty-four patient (81.0%) among a total of 42 have a single parent with bromidrosis. Result of investigation which were followed up to the third generation Bromidrosis was occurred in 17 of 42 patients (40.5%) in the second generation, and 18 of 27 patients (66.7%) in the third generation. In one case, a father transmitted bromidrosis to his three sons, and as a result, X-linked inheritance could be ruled out Bromidrosis was not skipped in every generation of all families. We on conclude that bromidrosis is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder.
Fathers ; Female ; Genes, X-Linked ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Mothers ; Odors ; Single Parent ; Wills*

During childhood, meningioma is an uncommon tumor, and in infants, extracranial meningioma is very rare. We report a case of primary cutaneous menigioma occurring on the scalp of a ten-month-old girl.
Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Meningioma* ; Scalp*

Severe sepsis and septic shock are the main causes of death in critically ill patients. Early detection and appropriate treatment according to guidelines are crucial for achieving favorable outcomes. Endotoxin is considered to be a main element in the pathogenic induction of gram-negative bacterial sepsis. Polymyxin B hemoperfusion can remove endotoxin and is reported to improve clinical outcomes in patients with intra-abdominal septic shock, but its clinical efficacy for pneumonic septic shock remains unclear. Here, we report a case of a 51-year-old man with pneumonic septic shock caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, who recovered through polymyxin B hemoperfusion.
Cause of Death ; Critical Illness ; Gram-Negative Bacteria* ; Hemoperfusion* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Polymyxin B* ; Polymyxins* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Sepsis ; Shock, Septic*

Dermatophytes infect the human hair, skin, nail and cause the dermatophytosis. The extracellular and intracellular proteinases of the dermatophytes commonly occur in the genus Trichophyton like T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. granulosum. These enzymes play a prominent role in growth, multiplication and infection of the host tissue. Extracellular proteinases have been purified from the species of Trichophyton and Microsporum. We purified the proteinase partially from the culture filtrate of the Trichophyton tonsurans through Mono-Q and Superose 12 column and investigated its biochemical and enzymatic characters. The molecular size of the proteinase was estimated to be 41 kDa by SDS-PAGE. And pI was 3.2. The optimal temperature and pH for an enzymatic activity were 27C and 7.5, respectively. The purified porteinase degraded the keratin, bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin. The serine proteinase inhibitor like PMSF and DFP inhibited the proteolytic activity of the purified enzyme whereas the cysteinase inhibitor did not. These results demonstrated that the purified proteinase is a serine proteinase and can contribute the tissue invasion.
Arthrodermataceae ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Hair ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Isoflurophate ; Microsporum ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Serine Proteases* ; Serine* ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Skin ; Tinea ; Trichophyton*

BACKGROUND: Smoking greatly increases the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Besides direct harm from smoking, some dietary pattern of smokers have been reported to increase such risk. This study aimed to analyze various nutrients by smoking status, and to find out whether smokers maintain harmful dietary patterns. METHODS: One thousand and six hundred fourteen men were selected who visited the health promotion center of an university hospital in Seoul. The inclusion criteria was the completion of dietary survey. Dietary analysis was done by calculation of amounts of each nutrients from 24-hour recall method. We compared total intake of each nutrients and total calories by smoking status with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then we adjusted the results for exercise and education level by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance). RESULTS: The study subjects were 840 current smokers (52.0%), 479 ex-smokers (29.7%) and 295 non-smokers (18.3%). The consumption of total fat and cholesterol was significantly high in smokers than non-smokers (P=0.012, P=0.005). The alcohol intake was higher in smokers and ex-smokers than non-smokers (P <0.001, P=0.007). The smokers and ex-smokers had less calcium than non- smokers (P=0.001, P=0.044). Furthermore, the smokers exercised less than ex-smokers and non-smokers (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The smokers consumed more total fat and cholesterol which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. They also had less calcium and drank more alcohol. Comprehensive approach which includes intervention for dietary intakes in addition to smoking cessation is desirable to decrease health risk for smokers.
Analysis of Variance ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Education ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Male* ; Osteoporosis ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking*

Endothelin (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictive 21-amino acid peptide hormone released from vascular endothelium The effects of ET-1 on coronary and systemic hemodynamics in comparison with Bay K 8644, a Ca2+ agonist, were studied in halothane-anesthetized dogs. The modification of ET-1 effects by nicardipine, a voltage-dependent Ca2+ antagonist, was also investigated. Single bolus ET-1 (100 ng/ kg) and Bay K 8644 (30 ug) were administered consecutively into left circumflex coronary artery during intracoronary infusion of either 0.9% saline (0.5 ml/kg/h, n=11) or nicardipine (1 ug/kg/min, n=10). Coronary and systemic hemodynamic parameters were measured just prior to (baseline), during saline or nicardipine infusion and 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min after ET-1 injection. Also electrocardiographic changes were observed continuously. The results are as follows: 1) Both ET-1 and Ray K 8644 produced a marked and immediate reduction in coronary blood flow and an increase in coronary vascular resistance. 2) ET-1 evoked coronary vasoconstrictions were long-lasting as compared with transient actions of Bay K 8644. 3) ET-1 reduced peak systolic intramyocardial pressure (IMP), mean aortic pressure (MAP), and cardiac index (CI), in contrast Bay K 8644 increased IMP without any changes in MAP and CL 4) Nicardipine (1 ug/kg/min, i.c) produced a significant increase (2-fold) in coronary blood flow and a reduction (46%) in coronary vascular resistance, whereas other hemodynamic parameters remained unchanged. 5) Nicardipine partially attenuated coronary vascular and systemic effects of ET-1, but it completely prevented those of Bay K 8644. 6) ET-1 (100 ng/kg, i.c.) produced a significant ST segment elevation in electrocardiogram in all cases of the saline group, but in none of the nicardipine group. These findings suggest that ET-1 is a potent and long-lasting coronary vasoconstrictor and that its vasoconstrictive effect is mediated in part by promoting Ca2+ influx through a voltage-dependant Ca2+ channel since nicardipine only partially attenuated ET-1 induced cardiovascular effects.
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs* ; Electrocardiography ; Endothelin-1* ; Endothelins ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Hemodynamics* ; Nicardipine* ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction

BACKGROUND: The risk of overweight and obesity to health is well known. Physical activity is important in the treatment of obesity in terms of healthy body composition and maintenance of body function. This study is a follow-up study to identify the impact of changes of leisure time physical activities on body weight. METHODS: The study subjects were people who visited a health examination center in Seoul at least twice between 1995 and 2000. Seven hundred people who completed physical activity questionnaires each time they visited were included. Three hundred eighty two of them were men, and 318 were women. The questionnaire was Baecke physical activity questionnaire, consisted of items for work activities, sports activities, and non-sports leisure activities. Each index of activities was calculated. RESULTS: Ninety seven people (13.9%) reduced their weights more than 5% of initial body weights. Twenty eight people (4.0%) gained their weights more than 5% of initial body weights. In five hundred and seventy five people (82.1%) their body weights were changed within 5% of initial body weights. Non-sports leisure time indices increased greatly and were significantly more than sports indices in reduced weight group. Non-sports leisure time indices were not changed significantly in gained weight group. The dose-response relationship existed between changed body weight (kg) and difference of leisure time indices. The multivariate analysis showed that female was a significant factor related to reducing weight (odds ratio=4.5, 95% confidence interval 2.7-7.5). Increase of non-sports leisure indices showed borderline significance (odds ratio=1.4, 95% confidence interval 0.9-2.0). CONCLUSION: To increase non-sports leisure activities for the purpose of reducing body weight is actively recommendable. Such activities performed on a daily basis may have impact on reducing weight through repeatability and ease of access.
Body Composition ; Body Weight* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leisure Activities* ; Male ; Motor Activity* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Seoul ; Sports ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of spiral CT in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer by comparing with histopathological finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied spiral CT scans of forty-eight patients, in whom gastric cancer was proven by gastrofibroscopic biopsy and surgery. After distending the stomach with 400ml tap water or effervescent granules, 100ml of contrast media was given intravenously at a rate of 3ml/sec. CT scanning was started at 45 sec after administration of the contrast material. Gastric tumors were subdivided into five types according to enhancing pattern from the inner layer of gastric wall to the outer layer. These pattern were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULT: The tumor masses were detected on CT scan in 10(77%) of 13 patients with early gastric cancer, while, the tumor masses were seen on CT scan in all patients with advanced gastric cancer. Of 9 patients with type 1 or type 2 enhancing pattern, early gastric cancer(T1) were proven in 7 patients(78%), serosal invasion (T3) in 2 patients(22%). In contrast, among 29 patients with type 4 and type 5, 22 patients(76%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3). Of 7 patients with type 3, 3 patients(43%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3), three(43%) as subserosal invasion(T2), one as early gastric cancer(T1). CONCLUSION: Analysis of morphological enhancing pattern on spiral CT is useful in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer.
Biopsy ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Water

This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of rice bran oil (RBO) on amyloid β protein (Aβ) (25-35)-induced memory impairment and brain damage in an ICR mouse model. Memory impairment was produced by intracerebroventricular microinjection of 15 nmol Aβ (25-35) and assessed using the passive avoidance test. Treatment with RBO at 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mL/kg (p.o. daily for 8 days) protected against Aβ (25-35)-induced memory impairment. Furthermore, Aβ (25-35)-induced decreases in glutathione and increases in lipid peroxidation and cholinesterase activity in brain tissue were inhibited by RBO, and Aβ (25-35)-induced increases of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inflammatory factors, and changes in the levels of apoptosis-related proteins were significantly inhibited by RBO. Furthermore, Aβ (25-35) suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway and the phosphorylation of CREB, but increased phosphorylation of tau (ptau) in mice brain; these effects were significantly inhibited by administration of RBO. These results suggest that RBO inhibits Aβ (25-35)-induced memory impairment by inducing anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, promoting PI3K/Akt/CREB signaling, and thus, inhibiting p-tau formation.