PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the incidence of BMM and to correlate the presence of these micrometastases with prognosis and othet clinicopathologic features. Materials AND Methods: BMM was evaluated in 220 breast cancer patients between July, 1991 and January, 1997, using mouse monoclonal antibody (AE1/AE3) against cytokeratin in an immunofluorescent assay. RESULTS: Of the 220 patients, 71 (32.3%) were positive for BMM. There were no association between bone marrow positivity and nodal status, TNM stage, known histopathologic parameters, and hormona1 receptor. Median follow-up for 220 patients was 41.6 month. The relapse rate was 16.8% (37/220). Twenty-four (33.8%) of 37 patients were positive for BMM and 13 (8.7%) were negative (p<0.05). Bone metastasis occurred in 16 cases, and was more common in BMM positive patients (14 of 24, 54.2%, versus 2 of 13, 15.4%, p < 0.05). Twenty-six patients were died of relapsed breast cancer. In overall survival, patients who was negative for BMM showed higher survival rate (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: BMM was a good predictor for distant metastasis, especially bone metastasis, and for poor prognosis. But no association was found between bone marrow positivity and tumor size, nodal status, stage, histologic parameter and hormonal receptor status.
Animals ; Bone Marrow* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratins ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

Purpose: The alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is widely conducted for implant placement. However, experimental results using deproteinized porcine bone mineral (DPBM) have been scarce. This retrospective study evaluated factors affecting the primary stability of implants in an area where ARP was performed using DPBM. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients were divided into two groups based on the primary stability, with torque value of 30 Ncm as borderline. To determine the factors that affect the primary stability of implants, we collected data from patients’ medical records including age, sex, reentry time, socket location, remaining bone wall at the time of extraction, and type of collagen membrane, as well as from radiographs and histomorphometric analysis.Result: The results showed statistically significant difference for the remaining extraction socket wall (P=0.014), residual graft (P=0.029), and fibrovascular tissue (P=0.02) between the two groups. There was an insignificant tendency toward the time of reentry surgery (P=0.052) and location (P=0.077). All implants placed in sites using DPBM functioned well up to 3 years. Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, extraction socket wall, residual graft, and fibrovascular tissue can affect the primary stability at the time of implant placement on grafted sites using DPBM and collagen membranes. In addition, reentry time and locations can be considered. In future studies, comparative experiments in quantified models will be required to supporting the findings.

Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is expressed in the neuroendocrine organs such as the pituitary gland, the adrenal gland, the pancreas, the testis, etc. Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1(VDUP1) gene is known to be a novel member of early response genes as an oxidative stress mediator. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Pref-1 and VDUP1 is involved in stress response in the adrenal gland following chronic immobilization stress. In situ hybridization for Pref-1 and VDUP1 genes (Pref-1 and VDUP1) was performed in the rat adrenal glands following immobilization stress, 2 hr once daily for 7 days. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that Pref-1 expression was up-regulated in rat adrenal medulla following chronic immobilization stress. However, Pref-1 was down-regulated in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex following chronic immobilization stress. VDUP1 expression was up-regulated in the zona glomerulosa and the adrenal medulla following chronic immobilization stress. These results show that Pref-1 and VDUP1 may be novel genes responding to chronic immobilization stress in adrenal gland.
Adrenal Cortex ; Adrenal Glands* ; Adrenal Medulla ; Animals ; Cholecalciferol* ; Immobilization* ; In Situ Hybridization ; Oxidative Stress ; Pancreas ; Pituitary Gland ; Rats* ; Testis ; Vitamins* ; Zona Glomerulosa

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the incidence of BMM and to correlate the presence of these micrometastases with prognosis and other clinicopathologic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BMM was evaluated in 220 breast cancer patients between July, 1991 and January, 1997, using mouse monoclonal antibody (AEI/AE3) against cytokeratin in an immunofluorescent assay. RESULTS: Of the 220 patients, 71 (32.3%) were positive for BMM. There were no association between bone marrow positivity and nodal status, TNM stage, known histopathologic parameters, and hormonal receptor, Median follow-up for 220 patients was 41.6 month. The relapse rate was 16.8% (37/220). Twenty-four (33.8%) of 37 patients were positive for BMM and 13 (8.7%) were negative (p<0.05). Bone metastasis occurred in 16 cases, and was more common in BMM positive patients (14 of 24, 54.2%, versus 2 of 13, 15.4%, p<0.05). Twenty-six patients were died of relapsed breast cancer. In overall survival, patients who was negative for BMM showed higher survival rate (p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BMM was a good predictor for distant metastasis, especially bone matastasis, and for poor prognosis. But no association was found between bone marrow positivity and tumor size, nodal status, stage, histologic parameter and hormonal receptor status.
Animals ; Bone Marrow* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratins ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to survey potential candidates for bariatric/metabolic surgery for procedure preferences. METHODS: Questions asked were divided into 5 categories: (1) demographic and anthropometric data, comorbidities, and favored surgery; (2) awareness of safety, effectiveness, and complications of each type of surgery; (3) discordances in opinion between self-selected and medically recommended procedures; and (4, 5) reasons for/against particular surgery. RESULTS: From 1 October to 15 November 2018, 104 respondents adequately responded and were included in the analysis. The number (%) of female respondents was 79 (76.0%). The number (%) of respondents by decade was 17 (16.3%) in their 20s, 65 (62.5%) in their 30s, 19 (18.3%) in their 40s, and 3 (2.9%) in their 60s, respectively. Mean body mass index was 37.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2. Comorbidities were type 2 diabetes in 34 (32.7%) and hypertension in 35 (33.7%). The most favored procedure was sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in 78 (75.0%), adjustable gastric band (AGB) surgery in 12 (11.5%), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 6 (5.8%), and gastric plication (GP) in 8 (7.7%). Major reasons for choosing procedures were; “adjustable” for AGB, “stomach sparing” for GP, “excellent weight loss” for SG, and “comorbidity resolution” in RYGB. CONCLUSION Candidates for bariatric/metabolic surgery favored SG followed by AGB, GP, and RYGB, and their choices were compatible with current evidence-based clinical practice.

We investigated normal response of bithermal caloric stimulation after repeated monothermal caloric stimulation. 12 subjects were selected for cold(30degreesC) water stimulation. 8 subjects were stimulated by warm(44degreesC) water. After the bithermal caloric test, caloric stimuli(cold or warm) was repeated 5 times on both ear with a 10 minute time interval and the next bithermal caloric test was performed. Monothermal caloric stimuli was done at the same temperature as the previous test a day later. The bithermal caloric test was repeated after 4 days. We checked the maximum slow phase eye velocity(SPEV) and calculated the canal paresis and directional preponderance. The SEPV was changed from 26.4(+/-10.9) degrees/sec to 26.7(+/-20.5) degrees/sec in repeated warm stimulation; from 25.0(+/-11.4) degrees/sec to 27.3(+/-11.1) degrees/sec in cold stimulation. Canal paresis was changed from 12.4(+/-8.7)% to 6.3(+/-5.1)% in repeated warm water stimulation; from 9.6(+/-9.9)% to 6.9(+/-3.1)% in cold stimuli. Directional preponderance was changed from 11.9(+/-6.9)% to 8.7(+/-9.9)% in warm stimuli; from 11.5(+/-7.6)% to 10.6(+/-5.5)% in cold stimuli. There was no significant change of caloric response after repeated monothermal caloric stimulation.
Caloric Tests ; Ear ; Paresis ; Water

Corpora amylacea (CA) are glycoproteinaceous inclusions that accumulate in the human brain during normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Although it has been suggested that the cellular sources of CA are neuronal or glial, the mechanisms underlying CA formation remain controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the source of CA in the human brain. Sample of the human brain tissues were obtained from the cadavers. H-E stain, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, and immunohistochemistry were performed in the brain tissues. Experimental induction of CA was also performed in rats. CA have been found in large numbers in the superficial, rather than in the deep, layer of the white matter in the lateral ventricle that is in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sometimes near the blood vessels. Destroyed choroid plexi with psammoma bodies have been observed in the lateral ventricle of aged brains containing substantial numbers of CA. The cores of CA were mainly composed of amorphous PAS-positive materials, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytic processes were attached to the surface of the CA. Weak MAP2 was detected on a few CA in the gray matter such as dentate gyrus. PAS-positive CA were located on the border of the hippocampus contacting the CSF in the lateral ventricle in the cysteamine-induced CA animal model. Taken together, main cellular source of CA is astrocytes and CA core formation may be associated with CSF in the aged human brain.
Aged ; Aging ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; Blood Vessels ; Brain ; Cadaver ; Choroid ; Choroid Plexus ; Dentate Gyrus ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lateral Ventricles ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons

Capillary hemangioma of the testis is extremely rare. Because it is difficult to differentiate from malignant testicular tumors clinically and radiologically, radical orchiectomy is usually performed. Although the fate of hemangiomas of the testis left untreated is unknown, there is no evidence that hemangiomas become malignant. We report a case of a 2-year-old child with capillary hemangioma of the testis which was diagnosed as a malignant tumor preoperatively.
Capillaries* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Capillary* ; Humans ; Orchiectomy ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis*

This is a report of anesthesia for five cases of renal transplantation which was performed between February 1969 and August 1969 at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, Seoul, Korea. General of renal insufficiency of the operated cases were described. Operative technique were unilateral nephrectomy for three cases and bilateral nechprectomy with splenectomy for 2 cases ; Anesthesia was induced with epontol (propanidid) 250mgs i.v. and 4% halothane-oxygen and maintained with 1% halotbane-oxygen which was supplemented by nitrous oxide occasionally. 6% dextrose and lactated-Ringer's solution were infused. For transfusion, whole blood was given to replace the operative blood loss. Dextran was also used to maintain adequate blood volume. Shortly before anastomosis of renal and femoral vessels, patients were haparinized. Fluids and electrolytes balance were studied pre-and post-operatively. Preoperatively, uremia and hyperpotassemia was corrected by several hemodyalysis. Urinary output after surgery showed a marked degree of diuresis up to 1800 ml/hr until second post-operative day. The special concern of anesthesia for kidney transplantation were: 1. Patients were suffering from severe uremia and metabolic disterbances. 2. Acidosis and hyperpotassemia should be corrected before surgery by hemo-or peritoneal dialysis. 3. Immunosuppressive agents made the patient less resistant to infection. 4. Anemia and hydrops was difficult to be corrected before surgery. 5. Muscle relaxants of choice were depolarizing agents, because of impaired renal excretion.
Acidosis ; Anemia ; Anesthesia* ; Blood Volume ; Dextrans ; Diuresis ; Edema ; Electrolytes ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Nephrectomy ; Nitrous Oxide ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Propanidid ; Renal Insufficiency ; Seoul ; Splenectomy ; Uremia

In order to find out the distribution of fibronectin and fibrinogen in placenta among pregnancy induced hypertensive (PIH) patients, 6 normotensive pregnancies and 17 PIH patients were chosen. The placentas were obtained right after delivery and soaked in the 10% formalin solution. The score was measured in terms of the positiveness of the stain in immunohistochemical stain by using I antibody with the rabbit antihuman fibronectin and the rabbit anti-human fibrinogen. Comparison between two groups are as following: 1.The placenta of PIH patients showed significantly reduced positiveness of fibronectin in their fetal villous vessels and villous stroma. 2. In the PIH patients, the positiveness was reduced in the group giving the birth to intrauterine fetal growth retardation compared to giving birth to normal baby. 3. In both normotensive and PIH patients, the villous basement membrane did not show the staining response to fibronectin, while showing heavy staining response to fibrinogen. 4. The positiveness of fibrinogen in fetal vessels, villous basement membrane, intervillous space and stroma were almost same in both normotensive and PIH patients. From above results, we can conclude that there is abnormality in the distribution of fibronectin especially in the fetal vessels and the villous stroma of placenta among PIH patients. The cause of this result needs further study.
Basement Membrane ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Fibrinogen* ; Fibronectins* ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Parturition ; Placenta* ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy*