No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Spinal Canal*

No abstract available.
Cholesteatoma*

No abstract available.
Dyskeratosis Congenita*

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

PURPOSE: Chest pain in the pediatric population is not rare and mostly benign. Causes of chest pain are diverse, and differential diagnosis is not easy. Chest pain in children is less likely to be cardiac in origin. Furthermore, chest pain in the pediatric population is rarely associated with life-threatening disease. This study was designed to evaluate children with chest pain and the usefulness of several diagnostic examinations. METHODS: Between March 2001 and August 2002, 33 patients(15 boys and 18 girls, aged four to 15 years) presented with chronic chest pain. The records of these patients were reviewed. Chest radiography and electrocardiogram were performed in all patients. Cardiologic and gastrointestinal evaluations were carried out when considered necessary. RESULTS: Chest pain was most common in the age group of 10 to 12 years old, and the four to six years old group. The most common diagnostic findings of chest pain were idiopathic(15 cases, 45.5 %), heart disease(9 cases, 27.3%), upper gastrointestinal disease(6 cases, 18.2%), respiratory disease (2 cases, 6%) and trauma(1 case, 3%). In children with abnormal results of cardiologic evaluation, these findings are not major etiologic categories of chest pain. Through history taking and physical examinations, six cases were evaluated concerning gastrointestinal disease and all of them showed gastrointestinal diseases(esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, nodular gastritis and chronic superficial gastritis). CONCLUSIONS: Chest pain is usually benign in children but the possibility of cardiovascular or gastrointestinal disease is considered. Careful history taking, physical examination and proper clinical examinations are usually required to find out the rare life-threatening causes of chest pain.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Chest Pain* ; Child* ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Gastritis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Heart ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Radiography ; Thorax*

A 43-year-old female patient with a congenital right coronary artery to right atrial fistula presented as congestive heart failure and aortic valve infective endocarditis. The diagnosis was made on the basis of echocardiography, especially TEE and confirmed by tight heart catheterization & aortography. She underwent aortic valve replacement due to severe aortic valve regurgitation with vegetations, fistulectomy and coronary aneurysmorrhaphy. The postoperative course was uneventful. She was treated with antibiotics because of infective endocarditis for 6 weeks. At present she remains well and visits out patient clinic regularly for oral anticoagulation without problem.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aortic Valve* ; Aortography ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis* ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Fistula ; Heart Failure* ; Humans

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder commonly affecting young adults. Diagnosis is confirmed by evidence of non-caseating granuloma in more than one organ. A case is presented where the diagnosis was made on a bone marrow biopsy, the first case in Korea. A 54-year-housewife was admitted because of multiple variable sized, skin papules and macules, who showed pancytopenia and evidence of liver cirrhosis on ultrasound. We performed skin biopsy and bone marrow biopsy, which showed non-caseating granulomas. The chest CT, opthalmologic examination was performed and showed the involvement of sarcoidosis of mediastinal lymph nodes and uvea. Multiple joints of both hands and feet also seemed to be involved in view of simple X-ray. By this case, we emphasize the significance of bone marrow biopsy in the sarcoidosis with pancytopenia.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow* ; Diagnosis ; Foot ; Granuloma ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints* ; Korea ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver* ; Lymph Nodes ; Pancytopenia ; Sarcoidosis* ; Skin* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Uvea* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer between the patients who are younger than 54 years and those who are older than 75 years. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2008, 63 patients underwent resectional surgery or palliative treatment for extrahepatic bile duct cancer. The medical records of these patients, including the clinicopathologic characteristics and the other relevant data, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were some differences between the patient groups for the tumor location, distant metastasis and preoperative co-morbidity. The frequency of tumor locations were 58% proximal, 13% middle, 22% distal and 5% diffuse in the young patients and these were 33%, 18%, 48% and 0%, respectively, in the older patient group (p=0.049). The frequency of distant metastasis was 13% in the young patient group and none in the older patient group (p=0.026). The elderly patient group showed more preoperative co-morbidities (68% vs 29%, respectively) (p=0.009), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups for postoperative complications (p=0.301). There was no correlation between the preoperative co-morbidity and the operative complications for both groups. There were no differences in the other clinicopathologic characteristics and the survival rate for both groups. CONCLUSION: Young and elderly patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer had different clinicopathologic characteristics. Especially, in the young patients, there were more proximally located-tumors and distant metastases. Although there were more preoperative co-morbidities in the elderly patient group over the age of 75, this did not affect the operative complication rate when the co-morbidities were well controlled preoperatively.
Aged ; Bile ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Palliative Care ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCG) on anosmia, which is peripherally induced in the mice. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Three groups of mice (BCF1) were studied: normal control (nasal instillation of saline, n=6); zinc sulfate group (nasal instillation of 64 mM zinc sulfate, n=25); SCG group (superior cervical ganglionectomy after nasal instillation of 64 mM zinc sulfate, n=25). Tissues of olfactory mucosa were obtained at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 weeks after instillation of zinc sulfate, and processed for immunohistochemistry using antisera to olfactory marker protein (OMP) to evaluate the olfactory regeneration. RESULTS: No OMP-positive cells were observed in the first two weeks after the instillation of zinc sulfate in both zinc sulfate group and the SCG group. However, the OMP-positive cells appeared first at 3 weeks after the instillation in both groups, and gradually increased in number at 4 and 7 weeks. In the SCG group, the increase of OMP-positive cells was significantly greater than those of the zinc sulfate group. The number of OMP-positive cells in the SCG group at 7 weeks was almost similar to that of the normal control group. CONCLUSION: SCG enhances regeneration of olfactory receptor cells at 3 weeks after injury. It was inferred from the above results that SCG has a significant effect on the regeneration of olfactory receptor cells and we suggest that SCG could be an effective treatment modality for olfactory dysfunction.
Animals ; Autonomic Nerve Block ; Ganglionectomy* ; Immune Sera ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice* ; Olfaction Disorders ; Olfactory Marker Protein ; Olfactory Mucosa ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons ; Regeneration ; Smell* ; Zinc Sulfate

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the availability of classification of lacunar syndrome and of diffusion weighted MRI as initial diagnostic tools for patients with lacunar syndrome. METHODS: From January 1 to October 31, 2001, we prospectively studied patients presenting with lacunar syndrome. All patients were scanned using diffusion-weighted MRI and were then classified into categories based on the diagnosis pure motor stroke and ataxic hemiparesis, sensory motor stroke, pure sensory stroke, dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome, and others. RESULTS: The total number of patents was 72 ; 60 cases of lacunar infarcts and 12 cases of lacunar hemorrhage. There were 42 cases of pure motor stroke and ataxic hemiparesis, 17 cases of sensory motor stroke, 8 cases of dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome, 3 cases of pure sensory stroke, 2 cases of others. Lacunar syndrome can be caused by lesions in a variety of locations, and specific location can cause a variety of lacunar syndromes. With diffusion-weighted MRI, lacunar syndromes were visible in 91.7% of the patients (66/72) and lacunar infarcts were visible in 90% (54/60). The mean size of the lacunar infarcts was 11.90+/-5.04 mm and the mean volume of lacunar hemorrhages was 4.70+/-2.08 ml. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the classification of lacunar syndrome was of little benefit in the diagnosis and treatment of a lacunar infarct. Diffusion-weighted MRI, however, was a good initial diagnostic tool in cases of lacunar infarcts. An additional study of the availability of diffusion weighted MRI for use in cases of hemorrhagic lesions is needed.
Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Hand ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Paresis ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke ; Stroke, Lacunar*