Recent studies have shown that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important target for cancer therapy. The present study prepared single chain Fv (scFv) directed against EGFR. Balb/c mice were immunized by human carcinoma A431 cells, and total RNA of the splenic cells was extracted. VH and VL gene fragments were amplified by RT-PCR and further joined into scFv gene with a linker, then scFv gene fragments were ligated into the phagemid vector pCANTAB 5E. The phagemid containing scFv were transformed into electro-competent E. coli TG1 cells. The recombinant phage antibody library was constructed through rescuing the transformed cells with help phage M13K07. The specified recombinant phages were enriched through 5 rounds of affinity panning and the anti-EGFR phage scFv clones were screened and identified with ELISA. A total of 48 clones from the library were selected randomly and 45 clones were identified positive. After infecting E. coli HB2151 cells with one positive clone, soluble recombinant antibodies about 27 kD were produced and located in the periplasm and the supernatant. The result of sequencing showed that the scFv gene was 768 bp, which encoded 256 amino acid residues. VH and VL including 3 CDRs and 4 FRs, respectively, were all homologous to mouse Ig. The soluble scFv showed the specific binding activity to purified EGFR and EGFR located in carcinoma cell membrane. The successful preparation of anti-EGFR scFv will provide an EGFR targeted molecule for the development of antibody-based drugs and biological therapy of cancer.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Peptide Library ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; immunology ; Single-Chain Antibodies ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To investigate drug resistance genes and epidemic characteristics of β-lactamase carried by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in the respiratory intensive care unit(RICU) in a hospital.Methods Clinically isolated CRAB from RICU patients in October-December 2015 were collected.Five drug resistance genes (KPC-2,IMP,VIM,NDM-1,OXA-23) were specifically amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),amplified products were performed agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing analysis,the homology was analyzed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results A total of 22 CRAB strains were isolated in October-December 2015,19 (86.36％) of which were isolated from sputum.The resistance rate of 22 CRAB strains to compound sulfamethoxazole was 59.09 ％,resistance rate to minocycline was 9.09 ％,all were sensitive to polymyxin B,resistance rates to other antimicrobial agents were more than 80％.Three kinds of resistance genes KPC-2,IMP and NDM-1 were not found by PCR amplification,positive rates of VIM and OXA-23 were both 100％.PFGE homology analysis revealed that 22 strains were divided into 13 different types,each type contained 1-5 strains,9 types(69.23％) contained only 1 strain respectively,the other 4 types (30.77％) contained 2-5 strains.A5,A7,and A8;A9,A11,A14,A19 and A22;A4,A10 and A12;A16 and A18 were of the same type respectively.Conclusion The main types of β-lactamase-resistant genes of CRAB in RICU are VIM and OXA-23.Homology analysis shows a small parts are of the same clone strains,which reveals epidemic of a small scale.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical outcomes between unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (URD-HSCT) and HLA-haploidentical (Hi)-HSCT.

METHODSTwenty-five patients with hematologic malignancies received URD-HSCT and thirty patients received Hi-HSCT. The conditioning regimen consisted of modified BUCY or modified total body irradiation (TBI) plus CY. Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporin ( CsA), short-term methotrexate (MTX), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), or the combination of CsA, MTX and MMF plus antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), or the combination of CsA, MTX, MMF, ATG/ ALG and CD25 monoclonal antibody.

RESULTSAll patients in the URD-HSCT group and 29 patients in the Hi-HSCT group were engrafted successfully. The median follow-up duration was 7 (2 -59) months for URD-HSCT group and 7.3 (1 - 35) months for Hi-HSCT group. The 3-year probabilities of disease-free survival (DFS) for URD-HSCT and Hi-HSCT group were (54.1 +/- 11.9)% and (43.1 +/- 9.1)%, respectively (P =0.13). Grade III - IV aGVHD occurred in 10 patients in URD-HSCT group and 11 in Hi-HSCT group (the cumulative incidence 40.0% vs 37.9%, P > 0.05), respectively. Ten patients (40.0%) died of transplantation-related mortality (TRM) in URD-HSCT group and 17 (56.7%) in Hi-HSCT group (P >0. 5). Two patients relapsed in each group (the rate of relapse 8.0% vs 6.0%, P >0.05). The primary causes of death included severe aGVHD with infection,severe pulmonary infection and relapse.

CONCLUSIONBoth URD-HSCT and Hi-HSCT are effective and curable treatment for refractory or high-risk hematologic malignancies. The optimal donor should be chose individually. The severe aGVHD and consequent infection are still the main cause of TRM.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Child ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Histocompatibility Testing ; standards ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; therapy ; Transplantation, Homologous ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the ability of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in differentiating ovarian tumors from non-ovarian masses.

METHODSForty-two cases with pelvic masses were examined with 16-row MDCT. All source image of each case was put into workstation for multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and curved planar reconstruction(CPR). Axial image combined with 2D image was used for determining the relationship of the mass to ovarian vascular pedicle and identifying the normal ovary, which was compared with postoperative pathologic result and the finding during operation. All the data was compared using Fisher's exact test.

RESULTSThere were 28 ovarian tumors and 14 non-ovarian tumors in this series. If the ovarian vascular pedicle sign was used for determining whether the tumor was from the ovary or not, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy was 89.3%, 85.7%, 92.6%, 80.0% and 88.1%, respectively, with a significant difference in differentiating the tumor from the ovary or non-ovarian organs (P <0.05). If the identification of full normal ovary was used to determine non-ovarian origin of the tumor, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy was 50.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 80.0% and 83.3%, respectively, also with a significant difference in differentiating the tumors from the ovary or non-ovarian organs (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONMDCT can clearly show the relationship of the tumor to the normal ovary and its vascular pedicle, which is very helpful in differentiating the ovarian tumors from a non-ovarian masses.

Adult ; Aged ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; diagnostic imaging ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; diagnostic imaging ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous ; diagnostic imaging ; Cystadenoma, Serous ; diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Ovary ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Teratoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Uterine Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo construct a recombinant adenovirus of survivin vector and provid valuable reference for gene therapy of laryngeal cancer.

METHODSThe survivin gene was cloned by PCR. After confirmation by enzyme restriction analysis and sequencing, the gene and the adenovirus vector were recombined together to construct the recombinant adenovirus vector. The recombinant adenovirus vector was confirmed via both sequencing and digestion restriction analysis, and then linearized and transfected into the HEK 293 cell line to generate recombinant adenovirus.

RESULTSThe sequence analysis demonstrated that the survivin gene sequence was the same as published in the literature, suggesting that a recombinant adenovirus vector has been successfully constructed.

CONCLUSIONSA survivin recombinant adenovirus has been successfully constructed.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo determine the pulmonary pathological changes in hematological malignancy patients with pulmonary complications.

METHODS17 hematological malignancy patients underwent surgical treatment were evaluated retrospectively. The pathological changes of all the surgical specimens were examined postoperatively by standard hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.

RESULTSPathological examination confirmed: aspergillus infection in 9 patients, sub-acute inflammation (fibrosis and hematoma formation) in 3, and each in 1 of pulmonary infarction with granulomatous tissue in the periphery; granulomatous inflammation with calcified tubercle; alveolar dilation and hemorrhage, interstitial fibrosis and focal vasculitis; intercostal neurilemmoma; and moderate-differentiated adenocarcinoma accompanied by intrapulmonary metastasis. And several operative complications (1 case of fungal implantation, 3 pleural effusion and adhesions and 2 pulmonary hematoma) were occurred. The coincidence rate of pre- and post-operative diagnosis was 9/14 (64.3%). After surgery, 8 patients were received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT, allo-gene or autologous), with 7 succeeded. On effective secondary antifungal prophylaxis, 4 of 5 patients of aspergillosis succeeded in transplantation with free from mycotic relapse, one patient died from fungal relapse.

CONCLUSIONHematological malignancies with persistent and/or resistant pulmonary infection, hemoptysis, or unexplained lung diseases, should be treated in time by surgery operation to effectively eliminate residual disease and obtain a definitive diagnosis, so as to create a prerequisite condition for the following treatments. Moreover, the secondary antifungal prophylaxis can provide active roles for patients scheduled for chemotherapy and/or HSCT.

Aspergillosis ; diagnosis ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical and biological characteristics and prognosis of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL).

METHODSThirty two patients were diagnosed as MPAL by bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic and molecular assay and were treated with combined chemotherapy regimens for both acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia. Two cases were received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

RESULTS(1) The incidence of MPAL in acute leukemias was 2.6%. There were 16 cases (50.0%) of mixed myeloid and B-lymphoid (M/B), 14(43.8%) myeloid and T-lymphoid (M/T), one each (3.1%) of trilineage (M/B/T) and B- and T-lymphoid (B/T) phenotype. (2) The positive rates of CD34 and HLA-DR were 87.5% and 62.5%, respectively. (3) Abnormal karyotypes were detected in 70.0% of 30 MPAL patients, which were structural and numerical abnormalities including t(9;22), 11q23 and complex karyotypes. (4) The total complete remission (CR) rate was 75.0% and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 2 years were 14.8% and 14.2% respectively. The CR rates for M/B and M/T cases were 75.0% and 71.4% respectively. No statistical difference was observed in OS and DFS between M/B and M/T cases.

CONCLUSIONSMPAL is a rare type of acute leukemia with a high heterogeneity. The unfavorable indicators of MPAL may be factors such as abnormal karyotypes, high expression of CD34 and extramedullary infiltration. Combined regimens and more intensive therapy including allo-HSCT might contribute to improving survival.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; immunology ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible role of CD28/CTLA-4 co-stimulators in immune pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia(AA).

METHODSBy FACS, the percentages of CD28, CTLA-4 expressing CD3+ CD4+ T cells and the level of Th1, Th2 in bone marrow were detected in 23 AA patients at active phase, 10 at recovery phase and 15 normal controls. The relationship between the co-stimulators, Th1, Th2, and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) was evaluated.

RESULTS(1) The percentage of CD28 and CTLA-4 expressing CD3+ CD4+ T cells in bone marrow, and CD28+/CTLA-4+ ratios were (31.40 +/- 10.83)%, (2.45 +/- 1.30)% , and 17.02 +/- 13.44 in normal controls respectively, (39.84 +/- 10.89)%, (1.43 +/- 0.67)%, and 43.04 +/- 37.61 in AA at active phase, respectively, (22 +/- 9.08)%, (3.46 +/- 2.26)%, and 10.49 +/- 7.8 in AA at recovery phase, respectively. The percentage of CD28 and CD28+/CTLA-4+ ratio were significantly higher, while CTLA-4 were lower in active phase AA patients than in normal controls (P < 0.05). These values in recovery phase AA were comparable to those in normal controls. (The Th1, Th2, and Th1/Th2 in bone marrow were (4.21 +/- 2.11)%, (1.99 +/- 1.27)%, and 2.46 +/- 1.28 in normal controls respectively, (11.13 +/- 4. 96)%, (2.46 +/- 1.65)%, and 5.20 +/- 1.98 in active phase AA and (5.39 +/- 4.2)9%, (2.53 +/- 2.41)%, and 2.87 +/- 1.43 in recovery phase AA, respectively. The percentage of Th1 and Th1/Th2 ratio were significantly higher in AA patients at active phase than in normal controls (P < 0.05). (3) The CD28+/CTLA-4+ ratio was positively related to the Th1+ /Th2+ ratio (P < 0.05). ANC was negatively related to CD3+ CD4+ CD28+ T cells (P < 0.01), and positively to CD3 + CD4 ' CTLA-4' T cells (P < 0.01) respectively.

CONCLUSION(1) The expression of CD28 was increased while CTLA-4 decreased on the membranes of CD3+ CD4+ T cells in bone marrow of AA patients. (2) The abnormal expression of CD28 costimulator promoted the shift of immune balance to Thl type. (3) The unbalance of CD28+ / CTLA-4+ is important for the immune pathophysiology of AA.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia, Aplastic ; immunology ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; metabolism ; CD28 Antigens ; immunology ; metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy and toxicity of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for relapsed/refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).

METHODSForty-seven patients with relapsed/refractory ALL received allo-HSCT, which containing 19/47 from HLA-identical sibling donors (sib-HSCT), 18/47 from HLA-identical unrelated donors (URD-HSCT) and 10/47 from haplo-identical donors (Hi-HSCT). Conditioning regimens included "TBI plus Cyclophosphamide (Cy) (42/ 47)" or "busulfan (Bu) plus Cy (5/47)". Cyclosporine (CsA) combined with a short-course Methotrexate (MTX) were used for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. In addition, patients receiving URD-HSCT or Hi-HSCT were given mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG). Patients with molecular or cytogenetic relapse tendency on minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring received donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI).

RESULTSAll patients tolerated the therapy well except for mucositis. Renal dysfunction occurred in 2 patients on CsA therapy. Epilepsy occurred in 1 patient, fatal infectious complications in 9 (including 3 interstitial pneumonia), grade III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) in 7, chronic GVHD (cGVHD) in 22 and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in 4 patients. Thirteen patients relapsed after transplantation. The median time of hematopoietic reconstitution was + 17 ds. Nineteen patients received DLI, and 6 of them had no disease progression. With a median follow-up duration of 43 (10-77) months, the estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) rates were 49.65% and 46.55%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAllo-HSCT is an effective therapy for relapsed/refractory ALL. Relapse after transplantation, fatal infection, and severe acute GVHD are the main causes for failure. DLI might decrease the relapse rate after transplantation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; therapy ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult