Objective To optimize the method and condition s for the extraction process of Fushuning Granules.Methods Different factors and levels were in vestigated by orthogonal design wit h yields of oleanolic acid and tanshi noneⅡ A as the markers.The yields of effective com ponents by percolation and reflux we re compared.Results The extraction ratio by re-flux was higher than that by percolation.The primary factors influencin g extraction ratio by reflux were the pulverization degree of medicinal materials,concentration of alcohol,refluxing times and refluxing perio d.Conclusion The opti-mum extraction process was:refluxing and extracting the pulverized med icinal materials for 3times(1hours each time )with 6-fold 90%alcohol added in the f irst time and then 5-fold in the secon d and the third time.

Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Cystectomy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; methods ; Urinary Bladder ; pathology ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To explore the clinical effect of laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method in treatment of rectal cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 237 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from June 2004 to June 2009 were collected.Among 237 patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer,120 using laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method were allocated into the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 117 using laparoscopic ultrasound knife's method were allocated into the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group.Observation indicators included:(1)treatment situations:operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissected,time to anal exsufflation,time for out-of-bed activity,duration of hospital stay,treatment expenses and occurrence of complications(anastomotic leakage,intestinal obstruction,postoperative dysuresia and sexual dysfunction),(2)follow-up situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 18,2014.The colonoscopy,chest X-ray and abdominal computed tomography(CT)were applied to suspected patients with local or distal tumor recurrence.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented asx±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using t test.Count data were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rate was analyzed using the Log-rank test.Results(1)Treatment situations:all the patients underwent successful laparoscopic surgery,without conversion to open surgery.Operation time,number of lymph node dissected,time to anal exsufflation,time for out-of-bed activity and duration of hospital stay were respectively(156±33)minutes,18±2,(1.5±0.6)days,(1.5±0.5)days,(7.5±2.5)days in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and(175±21)minutes,16±4,(1.6±0.5)days,(1.4±0.5)days,(8.0±1.8)days in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference in the above indexes between the 2 groups(t=25.324,20.117,21.477,1.617,1.770,P＞0.05).Volume of intraoperative blood loss and treatment expenses were respectively(116±12)mL,(2.4±0.3)×104 yuan in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and(149±25)mL,(2.8±0.2)×104 yuan in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the 2 groups(t=212.740,211.071,P＜0.05).Anastomotic leakage,intestinal obstruction and dysuresia or sexual dysfunction were respectively detected in 6,3,0 in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 7,3,5 in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference in the anastomotic leakage and intestinal obstruction between the 2 groups(x2=0.110,P＞0.05)and with a statistically significant difference in the dysuresia or sexual dysfunction between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).All the patients received postoperative chemotherapy of FOLFOX regimens for 6 cycles.(2)Followup situations:226 patients were followed up for a median time of 52 months(range,11-121 months),and 11 patients lost to follow-up were included in the study as censored data,including 5 in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 6 in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group.During the follow-up,67 patients were dead,including 58 died of tumor recurrence and metastasis,4 died of cerebral hemorrhage,3 died of myocardial infarction and 2 died of renal failure.The overall survival rate and overall survival time were 70.36％and 51 months.The overall local tumor recurrence rate,distal tumor recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate were 8.33％(10/120),25.83％(31/120),71.7％in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 7.69％(9/117),29.06％(34/117),72.4％in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups(x2=0.033,0.310,0.002,P＞0.05).Conclusion The laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method in treatment of rectal cancer is safe and effective compared with traditional laparoscopic surgery,and it could also reduce the incidence of autonomic nerve-related complications and treatment expenses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of fewer courses and prolonged intervals of chemotherapy on survival rate of advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated by sequential chemo-radiation therapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS: From Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2001, 54 untreated advanced NSCLC patients (2 stage IIIa, 18 stage IIIb, 34 stage IV) were treated by sequential chemo-radiation therapy combined with TCM. The courses of chemotherapy were reduced and the intervals of chemotherapy were longer than that of the standard regimen. The efficacy and survival rate were documented and the prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Complete remission (CR) was observed in 1 case and partial remission (PR) in 20 cases. The overall objective response rate was 40.4%. Median survival was 15.3 months, 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rate were 53.7%, 28.9% and 9.6% respectively. The median survival of stage III and IV were 21.8 months and 12.5 months respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of stage III were 65.0%, 49.5%, 24.7% and that of stage IV were 47.0%, 23.3%, 0%, respectively. The quality of life was improved in most of the patients. Cox's proportional hazards regression showed that improved quality of life and treatment of TCM were the significant prognostic factors of overall survival. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy combined with TCM is beneficial to extending the interval of chemotherapy, improving the quality of life, and increasing the survival rate of advanced NSCLC patients.

Objective To study 18F-deoxyglueose positron emission tomography computed tomo graphy(18 FDG PET-CT) in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node(LN) metastasis from rabbit nasopharyngeal VX2 carcinoma.Methods Nasopharyngeal VX2 carcinoma model using 30 rabbits was established. 18 FDG PET-CT,MRI and pathological diagnosis were performed and compared.ResultsFifty-three cervi cal LNs were picked up from resected specimens of 30 rabbits with nasopharyngeal VX2 carcinoma.There were 42 pathologically confirmed positive LNs.Positivity rate was significantly correlated with the volume and the shortest diameter of the LNs (r = 9.18,P =0.007 ; r = 2.77,P = 0.008).The diagnostic sensitivity of PET-CT was 96% (24/25) and 29% (5/17) for LNs with volume >0.5 cm3 and ≤0.5 cm3 ,83% (25/30) and 33% (4/12) for LNs with the shortest diameter ≥0.5 cm and < 0.5 cm,respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PET-CT was 69% (29/42) ,100% (11/11) and 95% (40/42) ,com paring with 60% (25/42) ,91% (10/11) and 83% (35/42) of MRl,respectively.The volume measured by PET-CT images was not significantly different from the pathologically measured volume (t =-1.23,P = 0.233) ,while the volume measured by MRI was significantly different from the pathologically measured vol ume (t =-3.99,P = 0.001).Conclusions The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PET-CT are better than those of MRl,especially for the cervical lymph nodes with volume >0.5 cm3 or the shortest diameter ≤ 0.5 cm.PET-CT also can be used to detect the smaller metastatic lymph nodes,though the false negative rate is higher.

Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Turbinates ; surgery

BACKGROUND:Neuroblastoma is a common solid tumor in children. Pediatric tumors are little affected by environmental factors, but closely related to child development. The suspension method is an effective and reliable method to harvest neoplastic stem cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To culture the cel clones of human neuroblastoma cel line SK-N-SH and to assess the biological properties of the cel clones.
METHODS:Using the suspension method with no serum media, tumor cel clones were obtained. Immunofluorescence method was used to identify whether tumor cel clones exhibit stem cel properties. SK-N-SH neuroblastoma was labeled by luciferase, and tumor cel clones and tumor cel s were seeded onto the back of nude mice to monitor cel proliferative properties in nude mice using in vivo imaging.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Using the suspension culture method, SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cel s could successful y develop into cloning bal s. Under serum-free culture, cloning bal s were immunofluorescently used to detect molecular markers that showed strong positive expression. Cloning bal s subcutaneously implanted into
nude mice showed the strong ability of self-renewal and differentiation as stem cel s. The cel clones cultured by the suspension method strongly expressed Nestin, but weakly expressed glial fibril ary acidic protein, neuron-specific tubulin, possessing stem cel characteristics and strong proliferation and metastasis in nude mice.

Objective To investigate the expression and resistant gene of integron in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab).Methods 51 strains of MDR-Ab isolated from a hospital in August-October 2012 were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed.Class I(Int I),II (Int II)and III (Int III)of integrase genes and inte-gron variable region gene cassettes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and the homology of integron varia-ble region was analyzed by detection results of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)and DNA sequencing. Results Positive rate of integrase gene in MDR-Ab was 78.43%(40/51).All genes belonged to Int I,while IntⅡand IntⅢ were not found.Variable region cassettes were detected in 97.50% (n=39)of Int I,there were 5 types of integron gene cassettes:aacA4 in 14 strains,aacA4+catB8 in 22 strains,arr-3 +aacA4 in 1 strain,dfrA15 in 1 strain and arr-3 in 1 strain.Conclusion MDR-Ab isolated from this hospital may be related with Int I expression.Int I carried gene cassettes as follows:aacA4,aacA4+catB8,arr-3+aacA4,dfrA15 and arr-3.

BACKGROUND:Studies about low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields interfering with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and differentiation are many, but the Raman spectra of single stem cells irradiated in electromagnetic fields analyzed by surface Raman spectroscopy analysis are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To compare the difference in Raman spectra of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with or with no irradiation of 3 000 Hz pulsed electromagnetic fields. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured and identified. Passage 3 cells were inoculated into 6-wel plates and divided into two groups:pulsed electromagnetic field irradiation group and blank control group. After cultured for 7 days, cells in the two groups were transferred to physiological saline, and 30 cells were randomly col ected from each group. Four Raman spectra were harvested from each celland the average relative intensity of Raman spectra was calculated and compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were the same Raman peaks in the two groups, and the waveforms were basical y same in the two group based on the curve mapping by origin 7.0 software. The peak value in the irradiation group was decreased compared with the blank control group. Laser optical tweezers Raman spectroscopy can be applied to study the biochemical changes of a single stem cellat the molecular level. The Raman spectra of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells irradiated by 3 000 Hz pulsed electromagnetic fields differ from those without irradiation, and the peak also lowered after irradiation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate mRNA expression of GABAa receptor(GABAaR) subunits in the rat cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) and explore the effect of sodium salicylate (SS) on the expression of GABAaR subunits. METHOD: The realtime fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) was used to detect mRNA expression of twelve GABAaR subunits in the newborn rat SGN and then investigate mRNA expression of GABAaR subunits after treatment with 5 mmol/L SS for 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h and 6 h in the primary culture SGN. RESULT: (1) GABAaR subunits of α1-6, β1-3, and γ1-3 were detected in the SGN, and the expression of GABAaR subunits was lower than those in the cerebral cortex. In the subunit α family of GABAaR, the expression rank was α2>α3/α5>α4>a1>α6, and the expression of α3 and α5 had no difference (P>0. 05). In the subunit β family, the expression rank was β3>β2>β1. In the subunit γ family, the expression rank was γ1>γ2>γ3. (2) The expression of all subunits of GABAa receptor was obviously fluctuated excepting subunit α5 after treatment with SS. At 15 min post-SS, α1, α2 , β1 and γ1-3 were upregulated, and α3 was downregulated; At 30 min post-SS, α3, β1 and β3 were upregulated, and γ1 was downregulated; At 1 h post-SS, β2 was upregulated and γ3 was downregulated; At 3 h post-SS, β1 and β2 were upregulated, and α3 and γ2 were downregulated; At 6 h post-SS, αl, α3 ,β2, β3 and γ1 were upregulated, and α2, α4 and β1 were downregulated. CONCLUSION The mRNA of GABAaR was expressed in the rat SGN, and the expression of GABAaR subunits was lower in SGN than the cerebral cortex. SS could alter the GABAaR expression quantity in rat SGN; Most of the subunits expression were elevated obviously in the early post SS (15 min), followed by a slight fluctuation.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cochlea ; cytology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Neurons ; drug effects ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-A ; metabolism ; Sodium Salicylate ; pharmacology ; Spiral Ganglion ; drug effects