No abstract available.
DNA, Viral* ; Hep G2 Cells* ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Spices*

The current socioeconomic climate has meant more children spend more time alone at home even for dining. This study was performed to characterize modem Korean childrens' food ecology based on mealtime atmosphere. A total of 705 elementary school students, 347 girls and 358 boys took part in the study. They were chosen evenly from the Seoul metropolitan areas, provincial cities, or rural areas, and were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The questionnaire was categorized to determine various factors related to food ecology, life styles, and health related symptoms. The average age of the study subjects was 11.5 years. The average height, weight, body mass index, and Rohrer index were 143.2 cm, 37.6 kg, 18.2 and 127.2 respectively. A significant number of children(39.2%) answered their bed time was between 11 and 12 pm. Only 28.3% answered that the whole family has breakfast together, and 47.7% have dinner together. A considerable number of children, 17.8% for breakfast and 6.9% for dinner, answered they eat alone. Most of the children answered they like to have dinner with the whole family. Half of the children answered they do not feel hungry before having breakfast. Proportions of children for their favorite meal time were 66.8%, and 25.4% and 7.8% for dinner, school lunch, and breakfast respectively. The largest proportions of children, 53.3% and 68.7%, have breakfast and dinner at home. Most of the children(75.2%) never purchase their dinner. Forty two% of the children answered they like school lunch, however, 60% of children answered they leave portions of lunch uneaten occasionally or always. Only 38.0% and 46.2% of the children have nutritionally adequate diet for breakfast and dinner. Children having more meals with the whole family possessed a more positive attitude towards breakfast compared to the children who eat with the whole family less frequently. In conclusion, Korea children are exposed to different health threatening food ecology problems related to changing environments, and consistent concern and support from community nutritionists are required.
Atmosphere ; Body Weight ; Breakfast ; Child* ; Climate ; Diet ; Ecology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Lunch ; Meals ; Modems ; Nutritionists ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was performed using mealtime atmosphere to characterize the food ecology of Korean children residing in different regions of Korea. A total of 705 elementary school students, 347 girls and 358 boys, were divided into three groups according to the areas where they lived, which included Seoul (n = 230), provincial cities (n = 273) and rural areas (n = 202). The subjects were asked to fill out questionnaires which were categorized to determine various factors related to food ecology, life styles, and health related symptoms. The average age of the study subjects was 11.5 years. The results showed that the average height (p < 0.01), weight (p < 0.01) and body mass index (BMIs)(p < 0.01) of the rural group were significantly lower than those of the Seoul and provincial city groups. A significantly higher proportion (10.4%) of the rural group was from disfunctional families, including single parent families, than those of the Seoul (1.7%) or provincial city (4.4%) groups. However, a larger number of children from Seoul ate alone, did not enjoy their meals, and hardly talked to each other during breakfast time, compared to those from the provincial city or rural areas. Also, the proportion (33.0%) of 'good' in balance of meal was the lowest (33.0%) in Seoul of the three areas (p < 0.01). Most of the children answered that they liked having breakfast and dinner with the whole family. In conclusion, the food ecology of elementary children differed according to the regions in which they resided. Although children from Seoul had higher BMIs, their nutritional intake was not satisfactory, and their undesirable food ecology could be a contributing factor.
Atmosphere ; Body Mass Index ; Breakfast ; Child* ; Ecology* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Meals ; Seoul ; Single-Parent Family ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In many countries, vaccines are used for the prevention of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, because there is no protection against FMD immediately after vaccination, research and development on antiviral agents is being conducted to induce protection until immunological competence is produced. This study tested whether well-known chemicals used as RNA virus treatment agents had inhibitory effects on FMD viruses (FMDVs) and demonstrated that ribavirin showed antiviral effects against FMDV in vitro/in vivo. In addition, it was observed that combining the administration of the antiviral agents orally and complementary therapy with vaccines synergistically enhanced antiviral activity and preserved the survival rate and body weight in the experimental animals. Antiviral agents mixed with an adjuvant were inoculated intramuscularly along with the vaccines, thereby inhibiting virus replication after injection and verifying that it was possible to induce early protection against viral infection prior to immunity being achieved through the vaccine. Finally, pigs treated with antiviral agents and vaccines showed no clinical signs and had low virus excretion. Based on these results, it is expected that this combined approach could be a therapeutic and preventive treatment for early protection against FMD.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Body Weight ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Immunocompetence ; Ribavirin ; RNA Viruses ; Survival Rate ; Swine ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Virus Replication

Various options have been introduced for the selection of implant overdenture attachments. Attachment wear due to the repeated insertion and removal of dentures has caused problems such as decreased retention and the requirement for suprastructure remanufacturing. In these cases, a Locator bar system was applied using the drill and tapping technique to achieve total retrievability. In a 55-year-old female patient who showed three degrees of mobility in most of her teeth due to severe alveolar bone loss, a complete denture in the maxilla and an implant supported type overdenture in the mandible were planned after extracting all the remaining teeth. Six implants were placed from canine region to the distal molar region, and the locator was connected to the milled bar using the drill and tapping technique. For a 61-year-old female edentulous patient who complained of poor retention with old denture, a complete denture in the maxilla and an implant-tissue supported type overdenture in the mandible were planned. Four implants were placed in front of mental foramen, and the Locator was also connected to the Hader bar using the drill and tapping technique. With this technique, female parts can be easily replaced, and retention can be continuously maintained.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Denture, Complete ; Denture, Overlay ; Dentures ; Female ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandrillus ; Maxilla ; Middle Aged ; Molar ; Retention (Psychology) ; Tooth

OBJECTIVES: Fast-setting pozzolan cement (Endocem, Maruchi) was recently developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various root canal irrigants on the washout of Endocem in comparison to the previously marketed mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot; Dentsply) in a furcal perforation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ProRoot and Endocem were placed into acrylic molds on moist Oasis. Each mold was then immediately exposed to either physiologic saline, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), or 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) under gentle shaking for five minutes. Washout testing was performed by scoring scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. RESULTS: Endocem exhibited higher washout resistance compared to ProRoot, especially in the NaOCl group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Endocem can be considered a useful repair material for furcal perforation, especially in a single-visit scenario.
Acrylic Resins ; Aluminum Compounds ; Calcium Compounds ; Chlorhexidine ; Dental Pulp Cavity* ; Drug Combinations ; Fungi ; Oxides ; Pyrroles ; Root Canal Irrigants* ; Silicates ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; Vinyl Compounds

BACKGROUND: Desflurane is a new inhalation anesthetic with a low blood/gas solubility which should allow fast induction and emergence from anesthesia. This study was designed to compare the induction and recovery characteristics of gynecologic surgical patients receiving either desflurane or isoflurane with nitrous oxide for the maintenance of general anesthesia. METHODS: After standardized induction of anesthesia with fentanyl, propofol, succinylcholine and tracheal intubation, patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery randomly divided into desflurane group (n=21) or isoflurane group (n=20). Induction and recovery time and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and recall were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Although anesthetic conditions were similar during operation in the two groups, significant differences were noted in induction and recovery profiles from anesthesia. Induction time was 124+/-66 sec for desflurane vs. 422+/-257 sec for isoflurane (mean SD). The time required for the end-tidal concentration of anesthetics to decrease by 50% was 168.0+/-160.1sec for desflurane vs. 222.9+/-127.5sec for isoflurane. The time to response (eye opening follow simple command), orientation (recall of name and date of birth), reach 10 point of PAR (postanesthetic recovery) score and discharge from recovery room were significantly shorter after desflurane than after isoflurane (417.0+/-158.7 vs. 577.1+/-207.4sec, 591.0+/-193.0 vs. 800.0+/-326.0sec, 31.3+/-18.0 vs 41.8+/-15.0min, 66.9+/-27.2 vs. 80.1+/-11.8min, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: From the above study it can be concluded that a balanced anesthetic technique using desflurane as the main anesthetic has certain advantages compared with isoflurane in terms of faster emergence, however the frequency of side effects such as nausea, vomiting and recall during postoperative period were similar after both anesthetic drugs.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Inhalation* ; Anesthetics ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inhalation* ; Intubation ; Isoflurane ; Nausea ; Nitrous Oxide ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Postoperative Period ; Propofol ; Recovery Room ; Solubility ; Succinylcholine ; Vomiting

For the rehabilitation of fully edentulous patients, implant-supported removable partial dentures can be considered as one of the treatment options with complete dentures or implant-supported overdentures. If removable partial dentures are used in combination with a small number of implants placed in strategically important positions, it can offer additional stability, retention and support through implants and reduce a burden of surgical procedures compared with fixed implant-supported prostheses with extensive implant placement. Moreover, the economical benefit can be expected as well. The purpose of this case report is to present a treatment in which an implant-supported removable partial denture was fabricated considering residual alveolar bone status and demands after teeth loss in a patient who had been using a distal extension removable partial denture for a long period of time. In anterior area, fixed prostheses were fabricated with implant placement and in posterior area, short implants provide only support for the removable partial denture. In addition, denture base and clasp were made of thermoplastic acrylic resin. Finally, functionally and aesthetically satisfying treatment results can be achieved.
Denture Bases ; Denture, Complete ; Denture, Overlay ; Denture, Partial, Removable* ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rehabilitation ; Tooth

For treatment of partially edentulous patients, a treatment using implant is widely used. Treatment method using implant are implant fixed prostheses and removable partial dentures, and for patients with severe bone resorption, removable implant overdenture with the effects of aesthetic and reducing cost can be used as treatment options. Specially, prosthesis with milled-bar and attachment has the effect of being splinted between implant fixtures, higher retention and stability than conventional removable partial denture. And it has the effect of improvement of aesthetic through lip support by denture base. In this case, the patient with severe alveolar bone resorption and partial edentulous maxilla and mandible was treated by implant-assisted removable partial denture using Milled-bar and ADD-TOC attachment. The esthetic was improved by removing the clasp because of effects of additional retention by using the attachment, and reducing palatal coverage of implant-assisted removable partial denture. The clinical results were satisfactory on the aspect of aesthetic and masticatory function.

PURPOSE: High frequency oscillatory ventillation (HFOV) is an alternative to conventional ventilation (CV) when oxygenation deteriorates. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of HFOV in children with respiratory failure. METHODS: Ten cases with respiratory failure (age 8.7+/-7.6 mo, body weight 6.8+/-2.6 kg) that underwent HFOV for more than 3 days because of failure of oxygenation by CV were enrolled. PaO2/FiO2, oxygenation index (OI), (A-a) DO2, mean airway pressure (MAP), blood pressure, heart rate, PEediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score and complications were evaluated before and at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours of HFOV. The influencing factors were compared between an HFOV success group and a failure group, and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: 1) Lower FiO2 was required for proper oxygenation by HFOV, although MAP was significantly increased. (P< 0.05) 2) PaO2/FiO2 was higher (P=0.002) and (A-a) DO2 was lower than baseline (P< 0.001) during HFOV. However, no significant difference was observed for OI, PaO2, PaCO2 or pH. 3) In the HFOV success group, (A-a) DO2 was significantly lower than failure group at baseline, (P=0.045) and OI was also significantly lower than in the failure group at 6 hours of HFOV. (P=0.032) PaO2/FiO2 was significantly improved in the success group at 6 hours of HFOV. (P=0.045) 4) Complications were air leak, 20% (2/10), and hypotension, 40% (4/10), which was corrected by using inotropics. PELOD scores decreased in all patients compared to at baseline throughout HFOV. (P=0.03) 5) Sixty percent patients survived for 3 months after HFOV were 60% (6/10). The success of HFOV related to survival. (P=0.048) CONCLUSION: HFOV can be used to improve oxygenation effectively and safely in children with respiratory failure who did not improve with CV.
Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Child* ; Heart Rate ; High-Frequency Ventilation ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypotension ; Oxygen ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Ventilation*