PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, contact history, and status of tuberculosis contact investigations in school-age children and adolescents with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) at two centers. METHODS: This study was conducted with 54 patients in the age ranging from 10 to 18 years, who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB at the Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University Children's Hospital, January 2008 to December 2012. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 16 years old; 11 patients were aged 10 to 14 and 43 patients were aged 15 to 18. Among 54 patients, 19 had history of contact with pulmonary TB, 10 had contact with house members (household), and remaining 9 had contact with classmates (non-household). One out of 10 patients who had household contacts and 6 out of 9 patients who had non-household contacts were evaluated with contact investigation after the exposure to pulmonary TB. Among 7 patients who were evaluated with contact investigation, 3 were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB, 1 had latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 3 had no evidence of TB or LTBI. The median period of diagnosis after the exposure to active pulmonary TB was 2 years in patients with household contacts and 0.23 years in patients with non-household contacts. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that if the contact investigation conducted properly, it would be helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of pulmonary TB.
Adolescent* ; Busan ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

The mineral contents of the cultivation substrates, fruiting bodies of the mushrooms, and the postharvest cultivation substrates were determined in cultivated edible mushrooms Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, and Hypsizigus marmoreus. The major mineral elements both in the cultivation substrates and in the fruiting bodies were K, Mg, Ca, and Na. Potassium was particularly abundant ranging 10~13 g/kg in the cultivation substrates and 26~30 g/kg in the fruiting bodies. On the contrary, the calcium content in the fruiting bodies was very low despite high concentrations in the cultivation substrates, indicating Ca in the cultivation substrates is in a less bio-available form or the mushrooms do not have efficient Ca uptake channels. Among the minor mineral elements determined in this experiment, Cu, Zn, and Ni showed high percentage of transfer from the cultivation substrates to the fruiting bodies. It is noteworthy that the mineral contents in the postharvest cultivation substrates were not changed significantly which implies that the spent cultivation substrates are nutritionally intact in terms of mineral contents and thus can be recycled as mineral sources and animal feeds.
Agaricales ; Animal Feed ; Calcium ; Flammulina ; Fruit ; Pleurotus ; Potassium

No abstract available.
Cerebellopontine Angle*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the antioxidant activities of 50%, 70%, and 100% ethanol extracts of Lycium barbarum leaf and chlorophyll removal extract. METHODS: The antioxidant activities were estimated by measuring total polyphenol content and by assays of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA fragmentation, and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities of the extracts were measured in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stressed HepG2 cells. RESULTS: The total polyphenol content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and FRAP value of the extracts increased in an ethanol concentration-dependent manner. The antioxidant activities of the chlorophyll-removal extracts were much higher than those of the chlorophyll-containing extracts. Cytotoxicity was not observed in HepG2 cells with extracts up to 1,000 µg/mL. All extracts inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner from 31.3 µg/mL and inhibited DNA damage at 250 µg/mL. The SOD and catalase activities of cell lines treated with the extracts and H2O2 were similar to those of normal cells, indicating a strong protective effect. CONCLUSION: Lycium barbarum leaf extracts had high antioxidant activities and protected H2O2-stressed HepG2 cells. Since the chlorophyll-removal extract exhibited higher antioxidant activities than the chlorophyll-containing ones and the cytoprotective effect was similar, chlorophyll removal extract of Lycium barbarum leaf could be developed as ingredients of functional food and cosmetics.
Catalase ; Cell Line ; Chlorophyll ; DNA Damage ; DNA Fragmentation ; Ethanol ; Functional Food ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lycium ; Reactive Oxygen Species

Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) is considered to be the leading cause of intestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants. We have seen an infant with intestir 1 perforation whose clinical, surgical and histopathological features were different from the presenting features of NEC. A male infant, the 995 gm product of 29-week gestation revealed intermittent abdominal distension which was managed conservatively with fluid and antibiotics. On the nineteenth day of life, free peritoneal air was seen on radiograph, and laparotorny was performed. At surgery, a discrete perforation was found in the terminal ileum. The intestine surrounding the perforation appeared normal without evidence of NEC. Biopsy specimen at the site of perforation was noted to have Candida invading the bowel wall. All blood cultures obtained before surgery were subsequently negative.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Candida* ; Humans ; Ileum ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Perforation* ; Intestines ; Male ; Pregnancy

The corpus callosum is the main interhemispheric connection in human brain. Agenesis of corpus callosum may partial or complete, and it may have not functional abnormalities. Its prenatal sonographic diagnosis is difficult because of fetal head position, especially in a cephalic presentation. We experienced a case of complete agenesis of corpus callosum. The prenatal sonographic findings was disproportionate dilatation of lateral ventricle, which were suggestive finding of agenesis of corpus callosum or hydrocephalus. We could confirm the diagnosis of complete agenesis of corpus callosum by postnatal MRI.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum* ; Brain ; Corpus Callosum ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Head ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess the current management status of the vestibular function test laboratories in Korea. METHODS: Questionnaire about the management status of the vestibular function test laboratories was sent by email to the entire members of the Korean Balance Society. The contents of questionnaire included situation of employees who perform the tests, the types of vestibular function tests and equipment, frequency of the test and types of dizziness related questionnaires. RESULTS: Forty-nine hospitals and clinics responded. All the 49 respondents answered that they have videonystagmography. Spontaneous nystagmus analysis by videonystagmogrphy was the most frequently tests for patients with dizziness. Questionnaires for dizziness were used by 27 respondents (55.1%) for initial evaluation of the dizziness patients. The Korean version of dizziness handicap inventory was the most frequently used dizziness related questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: We analyzed the current management status of vestibular function test laboratories to comprehend the present condition of the vestibular function test. We think that these results will help to provide a standard for laboratory operations and prepare for the education, focusing on high-demand tests.
Dizziness ; Education ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Function Tests

The purpose of this study was to estimate daily intake of manganese in Korean adults. Manganese intake was estimated through the use of the database of manganese content in frequently consumed Korean foods after first conducting anthropometric measurement and a survey on dietary intake with 354 Korean adults. Average age, height, weight and body mass index were 54.6 years, 165.7 cm, 67.2 kg and 24.5 kg/m2 in males and 53.8 years, 153.7 cm, 59.1 kg and 24.9 kg/m2 in females. The daily energy intakes of subjects were 1740.1 kcal in males and 1432.6 kcal in females. Male and female subjects recorded, respectively, 5.2 mg and 4.1 mg in manganese intake indicating that the male subjects consume more manganese (p<0.001). And they posted, respectively, 3.0 mg and 2.9 mg in manganese intake per 1000 kcal of energy consumption; it turned out that there was no significant difference. Daily manganese intake of both males and females posted, respectively, 148.8% and 135.2% of the adequate intake, and 8 males and 3 females surpassed the tolerable upper intake level. It is suggested that the study for accurate determination of manganese consumption needs to be more diversified based on the database of manganese content in Korean foods.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Manganese

Clear cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is rare type of the uterine cervical adenocarcinoma. Although uterine cervical adenocarcinomas presently represent 20% to 30% of cervical cancers in the industrialized countries, the clear cell carcinoma of uterine cervix is very rare malignancy that accounts for 4% to 9% of the adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. This malignancy occurs in two distinct age groups; those younger than 24 years and those older than 45 years. In younger patients, most of these malignancies are mainly related to prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, but older patients are unrelated to in utero DES-exposure. We experienced a case of clear cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix of 34 years old housewife who was not related to prenatal DES-exposure. We presented a case with a brief review of related literatures.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Cervix Uteri* ; Developed Countries ; Diethylstilbestrol ; Female ; Humans

Objectives of this study were to establish a leukemia mouse model in the Balb/c mouse based upon the A20 cell line (murine B-lymphoma/leukemia cell line, H-2d). Here we demonstrate for the first time that A20 cells were infiltrated into tissue and bone marrow, thereby evaluate the feasibility of using A20 leukemic cells as a leukemia model. In the study, changes of behavior, survival rate and histological changes of major organs after intravenous injection of A20 cells (1x105, 1x106 or 1x107) into Balb/c mice were observed. After inoculation of 1x106 cells, animals survived up to 38.3 days, although there were no significant correlation between the number of injected cells and life-span. At 21 and 28 days post-injection, both hematoxylin-eosin and CD45R immunohistochemical stains showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the liver. FACS analysis was performed after injection of fluorescent nanomaterial (MNPs@SiO2 RITC)-labeled A20 cells. The labeled A20 cells were detected in bone marrow from 6 hours post-inoculation, indicative of the cellular infiltration. This is the first study that demonstrated the invasion of A20 cells into the bone marrow of Balb/c model using A20 cells. With the occurrence of systemic lesions following metastasis of the cells into lymph nodes and neighboring tissues via bone marrow infiltration, it is suggested that the A20 cell-inoculated Balb/c miouse could be an animal model of acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Cell Line ; Coloring Agents ; Injections, Intravenous ; Leukemia ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Nanostructures ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Survival Rate