In order to determine its accuracy the authors conducted cytologic examination on patients found to have urothelial carcinoma by cystoscopy, histopathologic and radiological examinations at the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College, from January 1971 to August 1981. The results were as follows: 1. Age distribution of the urothelial carcinomas is from 33 to 80 years age and the most frequent age group is 40 to 59 years age. The male: female ratio is 4.3:1. 2. Of the 32 patients, 4 cases (12.4%) were negative, 14 (43.8%) suspicious and 14 (43.8%) positive reports. 3. No significant correlations were found between the urine cytology and histologic grade, but the higher cytologic class had tendency to have the higher histologic grade. 4. In the aspect of the tumor size and cytology, large sized tumor had showed positive findings more frequently than that of, smaller one, but it showed high accuracy rate (77.8%) when small sized tumors were multiple.
Age Distribution ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Urology

Acrylonitrile is most commonly used aliphatic nitrile compounds characterized by the structural formula R-C=N and used mossy to make acrylic fibers, plastics, synthetic rubber, and wall coverings. In recent, because of its extensive usage and the rapid expansion of the chemical industry, many poisonings have been reported and many studies on its health effects have been performed. Acute toxicity resembles cyanide poisoning and results mainly in effects on the nervous system. High exposure also can cause temporary damage to red blood cells and the liver and can cause lead to death. Because long-term occupational exposure to the acrylonitrile has been with cancer in humans, the U.S EPA classifies acrylonitrile as probable carcinogen. For this reason, The federal government has developed regulations and advisories to protect individuals firm the potential health effects of acylonitrile in the environment, but there are few studies, case reports and regulations of the government in our country. We experienced acute poisoning caused by acrylonitrile inhalation that occurred in an industrial accident. So, we report this case with literature reveiw.
Accidents, Occupational ; Acrylonitrile* ; Chemical Industry ; Elastomers ; Erythrocytes ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Liver ; Nervous System ; Occupational Exposure ; Plastics ; Poisoning* ; Social Control, Formal

For the improvement of denture fitness of changed residual ridge, denture liner can be used. Denture liner should be very stable physically in various environments of the mouth as well as be bonded strongly with denture resin. In this study, the specimens bonded with four kinds of soft denture liner and three kinds of hard denture liner were used to test the physical properties of the liners. All experimental groups were stored in 37+/-1degrees C distilled water for 24hours, followed by thermocycling between 15degrees C and 45degrees C with 15 second dwell time. 1000, 2000, 3000 cycles of thermocycling were excuted and physical properties were measured by Instron Universal Testing Machine. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In tensile bond test of soft liners, it was shown that both of Molloplast-B(R) specimens before and after thermocycling had the highest tensile strength, and in case of hard liners, Dura-liner II(R)speimen had the highest tensile strength before and after thermocycling. Depending on thermocycling, Soft-Relining(R), Denture-Relining(R),Molloplast-B(R), Coe-soft(R) and Kooliner(R) specimen showed significant difference(p<0.05). 2. In strain test of soft liners, it was shown that Molloplast-B(R) specimen before thermocycling and the Coe-soft(R) after thermocycling showed highest results, and in case of hard liners, the Dura-Liner II(R) speimen before and after thermocycling had the highest result. Depending on thermocycling. Denture-Relinig(R). Molloplast-B(R) and Dura-Lner II(R) specimen showed significant difference(p<0.05). 3. In Maximum distance test of soft liners, the Molloplast-B(R) specimen before thermocycling and the Coe-soft(R) after thermocycling showed highest results, and in case of hard liners, the Dura-Liner II(R) specimen before and after thermocycling showed highest results. Depending on thermocycling, Denture-Relining(R), Molloplast-B(R) specimens showed significant difference(p<0.05). 4.In elasticity test of soft liners , the Molloplast-B(R) specimen before and after thermocycling showed highest results, and in case of hard liners, the Dura-Liner II(R) specimen before thermocycling and the Tokuso-Rebase (R) after thermocycling showed highest results. Depending on thermocycling, Soft-Relining(R) , Molloplast-B(R) specimens showed significant difference(p<0.05).
Denture Liners* ; Dentures* ; Elasticity ; Mouth ; Tensile Strength ; Water

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a rare, benign hepatic tumor which was usually discovered incidentally by imaging procedure performed for some other reasons. FNH is typically asymptomatic and, it seldom bleeds. There is no evidence to support any relation with primary liver cancer. Accordingly, the preferred management is conservative, and excision is reserved for large symptomatic and complicated lesion, or when the diagnosis remains uncertain. Although many cases of FNH has been described to date in the other countries, only four cases of FNH has been reported in Korean literature. In the present report we describe a 7 cm sized asymptomatic lesion of FNH in a 23-year-old woman, that was disclosed by various kinds of imaging procedure. The left lateral segmentectomy was performed. The mass was firm and showed areas of localized growth of mature hepatocytes and septal fibrosis accompanied with marginal ductal proliferation, consistent with FNH. It also displayed an incomplete stellate architectual configration consisted of a central fibrous scar.
Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia* ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Liver* ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To investigate the distribution of bacterial keratitis isolates and the shifting trends of in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates for inpatients with bacterial keratitis. METHODS: Three hundred ninety-two bacterial isolates with 366 positive culture cases from consecutive corneal scrapes of 988 clinically diagnosed bacterial keratitis inpatients hospitalized at Yeungnam University Hospital between January 1998 and December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. The bacteriological profiles and in vitro resistance were evaluated in the first and second six-year periods. RESULTS: The percentage of positive cultures was 37.0% (366/988). The commonly isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms were S. epidermidis (98; 25.0%) and P. aeruginosa (41; 10.5%), respectively. The ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative isolates was 1.24:1. The Gram-positive isolates significantly decreased compared to the Gram-negative isolates in the last six-year period (45.3% versus 54.7%, respectively) relative to those in the first six-year period (66.1% versus 33.9%, respectively). S. epidermidis and S. aureus decreased, and E. cloacae, S. marcescens, and S. maltophilia increased in the last six-year period. The resistance of fluoroquinolone to the Gram-positive isolates, though not statistically significant, tended to increase to 34.1% from 21.5% (p=0.061), and the methicillin-resistant S. aureus tended to increase to 54.2% from 30.0% (p=0.055). CONCLUSIONS: S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa were the most common bacterial keratitis isolates in Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. The Gram-positive isolates tended to decrease, though the Gram-negative organisms tended to increase in the last six-year period compared to the first six-year period. Empirical antibiotic selection should be based on local susceptibility patterns and distribution of bacterial isolates.
Cloaca ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Keratitis ; Methicillin Resistance ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To summarize and review the methodological quality of the evidence from trials examining the effectiveness of physical exercise in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). METHODS: Six randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were identified, reviewed for substantive results, and assessed for methodological quality. RESULTS: Six trials met all methodological criteria on the modified Jadad score above 3 out of 5 points. Failure to blind the outcome assessor, and failure to describe the method of blinding of outcome assessor appropriately were the most prevalent methodological shortcomings. Various exercise modalities have been applied, differing in content, frequency, intensity, and duration. Positive results have been observed in part for a diverse set of outcomes, including physical and psychological performance. CONCLUSION: The trials reviewed in this study were of moderate methodological quality. They suggest that exercise in patients undergoing Allo-HSCT may be safe and feasible, and in part patients benefit from increased physical performance both during and after transplantation. Future RCTs should use larger samples, appropriate comparison groups, and a standard of outcome measures, and examine what kind of exercise intervention (aerobic vs. resistance vs. combined) is the most effective for Allo-HSCT patients. It would be necessary to define contraindication for exercise to guarantee its safety.
Exercise ; Exercise Therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Quality of Life ; Transplants

The morbidity and mortality rates are believed to be much higher if the staghorn calculus is left unoperated, since complications resulting from infection and/or obstruction may become life-threating. So, surgical removal is essential element in the successful management of the majority of patients with staghorn calculous disease. To understand better the optimal management, we did a retrospective analysis of 41 patients treated during 12 year periods. Surgical managements were performed in 36 patients (41 kidneys) and no operation in 5. Methods of surgical managements were extended pyelolithotomy in 11 cases, extended pyelolithotomy and pyeloplasty in 1, extended pyelolithotomy with parenchymal extension in 4, ex- tended pyelolithotomy with parenchymal extension and partial nephrectomy in 1, anatrophic nephrolithotomy in 7, antrophic nephrolithotomy with partial nephrectomy in 3, partial nephrectomy in 3, partial nephrectomy in 3 and nephrectomy in 9. Complete removals of calculi were done in 32 kidneys(69.6%). Clinical complications occurred in 14 kidneys(30.4%) ; 5 were remnant stones(10.8%), massive bleeding in 2, renal artery injury in 1, urine leakage in 3, pneumothorax in 2 and hematuria and sepsis in 1. The managements of complications were reoperation in 8 cases, conservative treatment in 5 and no follow up in 1.
Calculi* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Nephrectomy ; Pneumothorax ; Renal Artery ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis

No abstract available.

Urethral stricture is one of the most serious disease in Urology and must be treated vigorously, but the best method of treatment is not established. Our aim is to evaluate a policy of treatment which had developed in favor of urethroplasty for all but minor stricture. A total of 123 patients who had suffered from urethral stricture and undergone urethroplasty in the Department of Urology. Catholic Medical College, were studied during the period from January, 1970 to December, 1982. Of 123 patients,112 primary operations were interlocking, resection and end-to-end anastomosis, Turner-Warwick urethroplasty and transpubic urethroplasty. The results were as follows: 1. In age distribution of the 123 cases of urethral stricture, age of 80 cases ranged from 20 to 49 years. 2. The most common cause of urethral stricture was traumatic urethral injury(traffic accident, industrial accident and staddle injury)comprising 117(95.1%)our of 123cases and the remainders were inflammatory in 3(2.4%),iatrogenic in 3(2.4%). 3. In 41 cases(36.6%)repair was done by interlocking,57(50.9%)by resection and end-to-end anastomosis,3 (2.7%)by Turner-warwick urethroplasty,1(0.9%)by transpubic urethroplasty, 10(8.9%)by suprapubic cystostomy alone. 4. Of the 41 cases of interlocking,6(14.6%) were developed stricture and they required a secondary operation due to persistent stricture in spite of urethral dilatation. 5. Of the 57 cases of resection and end-to-end anastomosis, 5(8.8%)were developed stricture and they required a secondary operation. 6. The methods of secondary operation were resection and end-to-end anastomosis in 6, Turner-Warwick urethroplasty in 2, transpubic urethroplasty in 2.9 of the 10 had good results but 1 required a tertiary operation. 7. In 11 cases transferred from other hospital, methods of secondary operation were resection and end-to- end anastomosis in 8,Turner-Warwick urethroplasty in 2, transpubic urethroplasty in 1 but 3 of the 11 cases required a tertiary operation(Turner-Warwick urethroplasty.) 8. Impotence was developed in 17(13.8%) and the incidence of impotence associated with pelvic bone fracture was 11 cases(64.7%) In total 123 urethral stricture patients,55cases have been followed up by interview and questionnaire from 2 to 10 years. 68 were lost to follow-up. 2 of the 55 vases died of unrelated disease within the period of follow-up. In long term follow-up survey of 53 cases, 7(13.2%) were complicated of urethral stricture and impotence in 9 (17.0%).
Accidents, Occupational ; Age Distribution ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystostomy ; Dilatation ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Pelvic Bones ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urethral Stricture* ; Urology

BACKGROUND: Because primary care is the cornerstone of an effective health care system, many developed countries have striven to establish and strengthen their primary care systems. However, the primary care system in South Korea is not well established, and primary care research is still in its infancy. This study aimed to show the benefits of regular doctors as primary care providers in South Korea by analyzing the effect of regular doctor visits on emergency room (ER) visits. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data on 11,293 adults aged 18 years and over collected from the 2013 Korea Health Panel Survey (beta version 1.0). We classified those participants with and without regular doctors into the treatment and control groups, respectively, and estimated the average treatment effect (ATE) of having a regular doctor on ER visits. We used counterfactual framework and propensity score analysis to adjust for unevenly distributed confounding covariates between treatments and control groups. RESULTS: The estimated conditional ATE of a regular doctor on ER visits was statistically insignificant in the general population (-0.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.0 to 1.2) and in the subgroup of patients with hypertension (-1.8%; 95% CI, -4.5 to 0.9). However, in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the estimated ATE was statistically significant (-5.0; 95% CI, -9.2 to -0.7). CONCLUSION: In the total study population, having a regular doctor did not result in a significant difference in ER visits. However, there was a decrease in ER visits in patients with DM in South Korea.
Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developed Countries ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea* ; Primary Health Care* ; Propensity Score ; Treatment Outcome