No abstract available.
Occupations*

BACKGROUND: Endobroncheal intubation or extubation may occur accidentally when the patient's neck is flexed or extended even in the appropriate endotracheal intubation. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of fixation or unfixation of the endotracheal tube at the teeth level on the displacement of its distal end when the patient's neck is extended or flexed. METHODS: This study was conducted in 37 patients who underwent endotracheal general anesthesia. The patients with the evidence of pathology in head, neck and chest were excluded from the study. Individual patient's displacement in endotracheal tube tip compared unfixed cases with fixed cases when the change of neck position. The moved distance was measured by fiberoptic bronchoscope. The data were statistically analyzed by Student's paired t-test. RESULTS: The endotracheal tube moved away from the carina when the patient's neck was extended, while it moved toward the carina when flexed in all cases. When the patient's neck was extended the average distance displaced 1.2 0.7 cm in fixed cases and 1.1 0.9 cm in unfixed cases. when the neck was flexed, they were 1.2 0.5 cm and 1.0 0.8 cm respectively. There were not statistically significant between the fixed and the unfixed cases. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the displacement of the endotracheal tube is not related to its fixation or unfixation at the teeth level and therefore, unfixation does not provide any benefits in terms of the displacement of the distal end of the tube in adult trachea.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchoscopes ; Head ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Neck* ; Pathology ; Thorax ; Tooth ; Trachea

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between awareness of nutrition labeling and menstrual cycle irregularity in women from a nationally representative sample of the Korean population. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analysis models. A total of 4,324 women aged 19~54 years from the 2010~2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participated in the study. The participants were classified into three groups based on self-report responses to a questionnaire about their awareness of nutrition labels: Reading, Not-Reading, and Not-Knowing Groups. RESULTS: The Reading, Not-Reading, and Not-Knowing Groups comprised 46.4%, 44.9%, and 8.7% of the participants, respectively, and 53.6% of the participants had never used nutrition labels. In the Not-Knowing Group, irregular menstrual cycles for more than 3 months were significantly more common than women with irregular menstrual cycles for up to 3 months and women with regular menstrual cycles. Women in the Not-Knowing Group were more likely to exhibit menstrual cycle irregularity (adjusted odds ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.10~2.41) compared to women in the Reading Group after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, exercise regularity, stress, depression, suicidal ideation, metabolic syndrome, age at menarche, parity, and use of oral contraceptives. CONCLUSION: No awareness of nutrition labeling appears to be associated with a higher prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularity in a nationally representative group of Korean women.
Body Mass Index ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Female ; Food Labeling ; Health Literacy ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Menarche ; Menstrual Cycle* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Odds Ratio ; Parity ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicidal Ideation

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting vegetable preferences of children based on the social cognitive theory to reduce imbalances in vegetable consumption. METHODS: The survey investigated 177 elementary school students in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, in June of 2018. The subjects consisted of 44 fifth graders (27.7%) and 128 (72.3%) sixth graders. RESULTS: Among personal factors of the Social Cognitive Theory, positive outcome expectation and self-efficacy of the vegetable preference group were significantly higher than those of the non-preference group. Negative barrier scores of the non-preference group were significantly higher than those of the preference group, and the biggest barrier was that vegetables were tasteless. Among behavioral factors, the nutritional knowledge of vegetables was high, but the degree of practice was low. Practice score of the vegetable preference group was significantly higher than that of the non-preference group. Among environmental factors, the vegetable preference group was more likely to accept advice from people around them than the non-preference group and the most influential people were doctors and parents. In the vegetable intake environment, children in the vegetable preference group had high accessibility to vegetables. Correlation analysis and regression analysis of the social cognitive factors and vegetable preferences revealed all factors except nutritional knowledge showed significant correlation with vegetable preference. And surrounding people (p < 0.01), practice (p < 0.01), and self-efficacy (p < 0.05) had positive effects on vegetable preference. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that providing the health benefits from eating vegetables and educating children for improving their self-confidence are necessary for increasing the preference for vegetables and their intake by children.
Child ; Eating ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Insurance Benefits ; Parents ; Vegetables

Kyung-Hee Medical Center. Orthodontic treatment with teeth extractions were underwent by 23 patients (Group A) and 21 patients underwent ASO (Group B). Mandibular soft and hard tissue changes were measured and evaluated, which were based on the vertical and horizontal reference line in lateral cephalometric radiographs. Statistical significance between the changes and correlation between each measurement were analyzed.RESULTS: The amount of B point movement was lesser than that of the lower incisal tip (LIT) retraction, and LIT was tilted lingually in group A. The posterior movement discrepancy between LIT and B point was insignificant, and the inclination of lower incisor was not changed in group B. The soft tissues, including the lower lip, showed a posterior movement and reduction in the depth of mento-labial groove. According to the correlation analysis, the movement of the lower incisor was significantly related to the movement of the lower lip in group A, and the movement of the lower incisor was significantly related to that of the movement of lower lip, B point and Pog in group B.CONCLUSION: The orthodontic treatment in BP patients results in posterior tilting movement of the lower incisor, but ASO results in the bodily movement of the lower incisor. Consequently, ASO is more effective in BP cases because it ensures the controlled movement of the lower incisors.]]>
Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Osteotomy ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) expression on clinicopathologic factors in osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five osteosarcomas and 9 chondrosarcomas were assessed for HIF-1 and VEGF expressions with monoclonal antibodies using immunohistochemistry. The pathologic tumor grades are followed the WHO classification. RESULTS: Nineteen out of 35 osteosarcomas (54.3%) and 8 out of 9 chondrosarcomas (88.9%) showed HIF-1 expressions. The HIF-1 expressions increased with the pulmonary metastasis (p=0.020) and the tumor grades (p=0.016) in only osteosarcomas. Twenty-four out of 35 osteosarcomas (68.6%) and 6 out of 9 chondrosarcomas (66.7%) showed VEGF expressions. The extents of VEGF expression in only osteosarcomas showed positive correlation with the pulmonary metastasis (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: The HIF-1 and VEGF appear to be an important role for the development and progression of these two tumors. The HIF-1 expression in osteosarcomas seems to be poor prognostic value including aggressive tumor grades and pulmonary metastasis. The extents of VEGF immunostaining might indicate the possibility of pulmonary metastasis in osteosarcomas. However, the two gene expressions could not indicate the significant prognostic value in chondrosarcomas.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Chondrosarcoma* ; Classification ; Gene Expression ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteosarcoma* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

PURPOSE: To compare the MR findings of a sequestered disc with an extruded disc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 28 patients with a sequestered disc and 18 patients with an extruded disc were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with sequestered discs were divided into two groups whether definite separation from the parent disc was or was not seen. In the latter group (definite separation not seen) and the extruded disc group of patients, the signal intensities of the herniated discs were compared with the signal intensities of the parent discs and were evaluated on T1- and T2-weighted images. We also assessed the presence of a notch within the herniated disc. RESULTS: In the sequestered disc group of patients (28 discs), only 5 discs (18%) showed obvious separation from the parent disc. Among the remaining 23 discs with indefinite separation, the notch was visible in 14 discs (61%) and 9 discs (39%) had no notch. In the extruded disc group (18 discs), the notch was visible in 2 (11%) discs and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0002). The signal intensities of the herniated discs on T1-weighted images were isointense in both the sequestered and extruded discs. The difference of incidence of high signal intensities on T2-weighted images was not statistically significant (p = 0.125). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to consider the possibility of the presence of a sequestered disc when a herniated disc material shows a notch.
Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine*

In February 2011, the Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology (KSSMA) realized the necessity of developing a guideline on erectile dysfunction (ED) appropriate for the local context, and established a committee for the development of a guideline on ED. As many international guidelines based on objective evidence are available, the committee decided to adapt these guidelines for local needs instead of developing a new guideline. Considering the extensive research activities on ED in Korea, data with a high level of evidence among those reported by Korean researchers have been collected and included in the guideline development process. The latest KSSMA guideline on ED has been developed for urologists. The KSSMA hopes that this guideline will help urologists in clinical practice.
Andrology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Korea ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors

No abstract available.
Catheters ; Pulmonary Artery

PURPOSE: To present outcomes of transurethral removal (TUR) of intravesical or intraurethral mesh after midurethral slings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of 23 consecutive women: 20 with intravesical mesh and 3 with intraurethral mesh. RESULTS: To remove the mesh, transurethral resection with an electrode loop (TUR-E) was used in 16 women and transurethral resection with a holmium laser (TUR-H) was used in 7. The median follow-up was 2.1 months. Twenty-six percent of the women (6/23) had a mesh remnant: 6.2% (1/16) of the women treated with TUR-E and 71.4% (5/7) of the women treated with TUR-H. Of the 5 women treated with TUR-H, 3 underwent concomitant transvaginal removal. On the follow-up cystoscopic exam, a mesh remnant was observed in 3 women (1 treated with TUR-E and 2 treated with TUR-H). Vesico-vaginal fistulas were found in 2 women during and after TUR-E, respectively. Stress urinary incontinence recurred in 1 woman. CONCLUSIONS: TUR-E has a high success rate but carries a risk of bladder perforation. Complete resection using TUR-H depends on the location of the mesh and the range of motion of the instrument.
Electrodes ; Female ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Suburethral Slings ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence