PURPOSE: To provide diagnostic information by evaluation of the positional relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine mandibular third molars were classified as mesioangular, horizontal, vertical, distoangular groups. The distances between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal were measured in cone-beam computed tomographs. The height and width ratios of distances from the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal to the mandibular inferior border and to the lingual cortical plate were calculated. RESULTS: The vertical and buccolingual distances between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal were 0.03 mm, 2.96 mm in the mesioangular, 0.37 mm, 3.38 mm in the horizontal, -1.50 mm, 1.38 mm in the vertical, -1.10 mm, 4.20 mm in the distoangular group. There were significant differences in vertical (P<0.05), but not in buccolingual (P>0.05). The height and width ratios of distances on the mandibular third molar were 47.1%, 36.1% in the mesioangular, 47.4%, 34.4% in the horizontal, 37.0%, 46.7% in the vertical, 40.9%, 37.4% in the distoangular group. There were significant differences between the mesioangular and the vertical group, and the horizontal and the vertical group in height ratio (P<0.05), and also between the mesioangular and the vertical group in width ratio (P<0.05). The height and width ratios of distances on the mandibular canal showed no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The mesioangular group showed the nearest distance between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal vertically. The root apex of the mandibular third molar was positioned more buccally in the vertical group than in the mesioangular group.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Molar, Third*

PURPOSE: To characterize the effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and quercetin (QCT) on gene expression of osteonectin (ON) and osteopontin (OP) in irradiated MC3T3-E1 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: When MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells had reached 70-80% confluence, cultures were transferred to a differentiating medium supplemented with 5 mM 2-DG or 10 micrometer QCT and then irradiated with 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. At various times after irradiation, the cells were analyzed for the expression of bone mineralization genes such as ON and OP. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of both ON and OP was increased according to the culture time in the differentiation medium, and the increase of the genes peaked at 14 days after the differentiation induction. In the case of OP, the increase of mRNA expression was maintained to 28 days after the differentiation, while the mRNA level of ON was reduced to the basal level at the same time. Irradiation adding 2-DG showed a significant peak value in the expression pattern of ON at 4 Gy 7 days after irradiation. Irradiation adding QCT increased the mRNA expression of ON and OP in a dose-dependant manner, but irradiation adding 2-DG did not show any differences between the control and experiments 14 days after irradiation. Irradiation adding QCT increased significantly the expression patterns of ON 21 days after irradiation. CONCLUSION: The results showed that QCT acted as a radiosensitizer in the gene expression of ON and OP during differentiation of the late stage of irradiated MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells in vitro.
Calcification, Physiologic ; Deoxyglucose ; Gene Expression ; Osteoblasts ; Osteonectin ; Osteopontin ; Quercetin ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Heart Neoplasms*

This report presents the case of severe tooth wear and vertical dimension loss in a 71-year-old male patient. A combined conventional and digital approach was employed for full-mouth rehabilitation. After determining an increase in the vertical dimension of 5.5 mm using an anterior jig and diagnostic wax-up, provisional restorations were fabricated and adjusted throughout the adaptation period.For the fabrication of the final prosthesis, digital methodologies such as oral scanning and occlusal acquisition were performed. To obtain precise margin data, a die model was fabricated using the traditional impression method, followed by model scanning, which was then combined with intraoral scan data. The final prosthesis was made of zirconia to enhance esthetics and strength. Consequently, the treatment enhanced both function and esthetics, leading to high patient satisfaction with the outcomes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract for assessing whether Dendropanax morbifera Léveille can be used for the development of natural mouthwash and denture cleaning solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The extract was obtained from branches of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille. The solvent fractions were acquired by fractionating Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol solvent. Paper disc test was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract and solvent fractions against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The analysis of antioxidant activity was carried out through DPPH radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract was analyzed through MTT assay using normal human oral keratinocytes. RESULTS: Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and especially Candida albicans. The solvent fractions of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille showed strong antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in n-hexane and butanol solvent fraction, respectively. Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract also showed outstanding antioxidant activity. Butanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvent fraction of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille tended to have increased antioxidant activity as the concentration increased. Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract showed high cell survival rate in cytotoxicity test. CONCLUSION: Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract turned out to have antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytophilicity. Based on these results, it is expected that Dendropanax morbifera Léveille is applicable as an ingredient for natural mouthwash and denture cleanser.
Candida albicans ; Cell Survival ; Chloroform ; Denture Cleansers ; Dentures* ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Streptococcus mutans

PURPOSE: To investigate the change in mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in the brain tissue after therapeutic hypothermia in the swine cardiac arrest model. METHODS: After the return of spontaneous circulation by cardiopulmonary resuscitation, following a 6 min of no-flow time induced by ventricular fibrillation, pigs (n=24) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (sham, normothermia, 24 hr of therapeutic hypothermia, 48 hr of therapeutic hypothermia). After 24 or 48 hr of therapeutic hypothermia (core temperature 32-34℃), the pigs were then rewarmed to 36℃ for a period of 8 hr. At 60 hr upon the return of spontaneous circulation, the pigs were sacrificed and brain tissues were harvested. RESULTS: We measured the tissue levels of p38, JNK, and ERK pathway expressions from the hippocampus of the swine brain in all four groups. The phosphorylated p38-to-p38 ratio and phosphorylated JNK-to-JNK ratio were significantly increased in all of the intervention groups compared with the sham group. The phosphorylated ERK-to-ERK ratio was increased only in the therapeutic hypothermia groups (p-value=0.026 in the 24 hr of therapeutic hypothermia group and p-value=0.002 in the 48 hr of therapeutic hypothermia group, compared with the sham group). CONCLUSION: The p38 and JNK pathways were also activated during therapeutic hypothermia and normothermia. However, the ERK pathway was activated only in therapeutic hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia activated the ERK pathway in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain tissue after cardiac arrest, which seemed to be dependent on the duration of therapeutic hypothermia.
Brain* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Heart Arrest* ; Hippocampus ; Hypothermia, Induced* ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Protein Kinases* ; Reperfusion Injury ; Swine* ; Ventricular Fibrillation

PURPOSE: To investigate the relation between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect and grade of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients with normal intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: The medical records of 260 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with diseases and congenital anomaly were excluded. According to the results of visual acuity, IOP, slit lamp examination and fluorescein angiography, patients were classified into 3 groups, mild, moderate, severe NPDR. RNFL photography was also performed in all patients. RESULTS: Average age of 260 patients (520 eyes) was 60 year-old, and average IOP was 16.8mmHg. 372 eyes were mild NPDR, 76 were moderate, and 72 were severe. 136 eyes (25.2%) had RNFL defects including wedge-shaped defect (107 eyes; 78.7%) and diffuse atrophy (29 eyes; 21.3%). RNFL defects were observed in patients with mild NPDR (84 eyes), moderate (24 eyes), and severe (28 eyes) and there were a significant correlation between RNFL defect and severity of diabetic retinopathy (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Careful examination and continuous follow-up are necessary in patients with diabetic retinopathy because RNFL defect was common in diabetic patients and increased according to the degree of diabetic retinopathy.
Atrophy ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Medical Records ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers* ; Photography ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

BALT(bronchial associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas are a distinct subgroup of low-grade B-cell extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which are classified as a marginal-zone lymphomas. The majority of the patients are asymptomatic or their pulmonary lesions is often discovered incidentally on a routine chest radiograph. A 50-year-old man was admitted for an the evaluation of cough, dyspnea and fever. His chest CT showed ground glass appearance with interlobular septal thickening in both lower lobes, right middle lobe and left lingular division. He had been initially diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia and was kept under observation. However, his chest lesion showed continuous progression and a video-associated thoracoscopy was performed His pulmonary lesion was confirmed histologically to be a BALT(bronchial associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma. We report a case of a BALT lymphoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as lipoid pneumonia.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Glass ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue* ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thoracoscopy ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BALT(bronchial associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas are a distinct subgroup of low-grade B-cell extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which are classified as a marginal-zone lymphomas. The majority of the patients are asymptomatic or their pulmonary lesions is often discovered incidentally on a routine chest radiograph. A 50-year-old man was admitted for an the evaluation of cough, dyspnea and fever. His chest CT showed ground glass appearance with interlobular septal thickening in both lower lobes, right middle lobe and left lingular division. He had been initially diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia and was kept under observation. However, his chest lesion showed continuous progression and a video-associated thoracoscopy was performed His pulmonary lesion was confirmed histologically to be a BALT(bronchial associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma. We report a case of a BALT lymphoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as lipoid pneumonia.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Glass ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue* ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thoracoscopy ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Craniofacial dysostosis is considered to be one of rarely observed syndromes characterized by premature closing of all cranial sutures. The first patient was a 4-year-old male infant who had been complaining of empyema. Clinical findings showed exophthalmos, hypertelorism and facial asymmetry. Conventional radiographs demonstrated abscence of cranial sutures and underdeveloped maxilla. CT scan demonstrated the digital impressions of the inner surface of the cranial vault, enlarged and depressed sella turcica. The second patient was a 2-year-old female infant who had been complaining of facial deformity. Clinical findings showed hypertelorism and underdeveloped maxilla. Radiographs showed premature synostosis of all cranial sutures, depressed and enlarged sella turcica, and hypoplastic maxilla. 3 years after operation, her look improved. However, resurgery may be considered to decreasing intracranial pressure and for correction of facial deformity. Two interesting cases showing 'cloverleaf'skulls were presented.
Child, Preschool ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cranial Sutures ; Craniofacial Dysostosis* ; Empyema ; Exophthalmos ; Facial Asymmetry ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Infant ; Intracranial Pressure ; Male ; Maxilla ; Sella Turcica ; Synostosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed