A clinical observation was made on 16 patients of penis carcinoma admitted to the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College Hospital during the period from August, 1972 to July, 1982 and the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of penis carcinoma was 0.4% of total inpatients of urologic department and 3.9% of genitourinary cancer. 2. Age distribution was from 43 to 78, showing highest incidence at 50-59 years. 3. Clinical findings were; mass 56%, Ulcer 44% and inguinal lymphadenopathy 44%. 4. Treatment were partial amputation in 18.8%, partial amputation with lymph node dissection in 43.8% and total amputation with lymph node dissection in 25%. 5. Of 11 cases in whom lymph node dissection were performed, 4 cases were positive for metastasis. Of 7 cases with palpable lymph nodes, 3 cases were positive for metastasis. In 4 cases having lymph node dissection when lymph nodes were not palpable, 1 case was positive for metastasis.
Age Distribution ; Amputation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Penis* ; Ulcer ; Urogenital Neoplasms ; Urology

In order to determine its accuracy the authors conducted cytologic examination on patients found to have urothelial carcinoma by cystoscopy, histopathologic and radiological examinations at the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College, from January 1971 to August 1981. The results were as follows: 1. Age distribution of the urothelial carcinomas is from 33 to 80 years age and the most frequent age group is 40 to 59 years age. The male: female ratio is 4.3:1. 2. Of the 32 patients, 4 cases (12.4%) were negative, 14 (43.8%) suspicious and 14 (43.8%) positive reports. 3. No significant correlations were found between the urine cytology and histologic grade, but the higher cytologic class had tendency to have the higher histologic grade. 4. In the aspect of the tumor size and cytology, large sized tumor had showed positive findings more frequently than that of, smaller one, but it showed high accuracy rate (77.8%) when small sized tumors were multiple.
Age Distribution ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Urology

Renal transplantation to 37 dog was done to study relationship of the fluid imbalance with pathological changes. 1. The 9 dogs of 37 renal homografts without immunosuppressive drug survived more than 3 days. 2. In the 9 cases, BUN was elevated above the 40,K was elevated above the 7.2 mEq/L except 1 case and CI was below the normal level in 5 cases. Sodium was not changed in all cases. 3. Main direct causes of death was other than bleeding, occlusion of renal and fluid imbalance. 4. Almost all cases that showed lymphocyte and monocyte infiltation with intact glomeruli and tubule was thought to be functioning despite of histological findings of rejection. But those case that showed glomeruli and tubular necrosis was thought to be nonfunctioning because of renal ischemia. Renal necrosis and renal rejection were not related with chemical changes of the serum.
Allografts ; Animals ; Cause of Death ; Dogs* ; Hemorrhage ; Ischemia ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Lymphocytes ; Monocytes ; Necrosis ; Sodium

The place of excretory urography in the diagnosis of both renal and extrarenal lesions has been firmly established. Radiographic findings of the kidney by means of excretory urogram is no less important than any other functional study in the evaluation of clinicalconditions, such as atrophic kidney, hydronephrosis, renal tumor, renal hypertension and polycystic kidney. The present investigation was undertaken to establish the morphological features of the normal kidney in Korean adults of both sexes, such as size (length and width), renovertebral angle and distance, number of calices and position in the renal pelvis. 200 cases of normal intravenous pyelography were subjected to the present investigation. These materials were randomly selected from the X-ray file of St. Vincent's Hospital covering the period from Jan. 1979 to Dec. l980. There were 96 males and 104 females of normal health, and the age ranged from 20 to 54 years old, showing comparatively even distribution. The results were as follows: 1. Length: The mean values in males were 12.50 cm for the right side and 12.95 cm for the left side and those in females were 11.99 cm for the right side and 12.43 cm for the left side. The figures for both sides were about 0.5 cm larger in males than in females and the left side was about 0.5 cm larger in both sexes than the right side. 2. Width: The mean values in males were 6.24 cm for the right side and 6.60 cm, for the left side and those in females were 6.07 cm for the right side and 6.38 cm for the left side. The figure for the left side were wider than the right side about 0.4 cm in males and 0.3 cm in females, but there were no significant differences between the left side and the right side in both sexes. 3. Renovertebral angle: The mean values in males were 15.39 degrees for the right side and 15.40 degrees for the left side and in females the figures were 13.34 degrees for the right side and 13.47 degrees for the left side. There were no significant differences between the right and the left side in both sexes, but the angle in both sides were about 2 larger in the male than in the females. 4. Renovertebral distance: The mean values in males were 5.9 cm for the right side and 6.01 cm for the left side and in females the figures were 5.05 cm for the right side and 5.09 cm for the left side. There were no significant differences between the right and left and left side in both sexes, but the distance in both sides were about 0.9 cm larger in the males than in the females. 5. Number of the calices: The number of major calices was 2 to 4 and that of minor calices 5 to 13. The number of minor calices was 7 to 10 in 357 kidneys (89.3%). 6. Position in renal pelvis: An intrarenal pelvis was found in 263 cases (65.8%)and an extrarenal pelvis was seen in 137 cases (34.2%).
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypertension, Renal ; Kidney Pelvis ; Kidney* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Urography

One case of renal infarction due to trauma in a 26 years old male patient, which was treated with partial nephrectomy, was presented with the brief review of literature.
Adult ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Male ; Nephrectomy

This study was designed to observe morphological changes of the renal cortex and medulla of the rat kidneys after intravenous Escherichia coli injection following unilateral ureteral ligation. A total of 105 white rats weighing about 180-200g were used in the experiments. Animals were divided into 3 groups: Escherichia coli injection without ureteral ligation (Group I), unilateral ureteral ligation without intravenous Escherichia coli injection (Group II), and intravenous Escherichia coli injection following unilateral ureteral ligation (Group III). Each group consists of 35 rats. In group I, each rat was injected with about 2 X 10 8 Escherichia coli through the tail vein. In group II, each rat was ligated on the left ureter with silk ligature completely. In group III, each left ureter was ligated and 2 X 10 8 Escherichia coli was injected through the vein of rat tail. Kidneys were obtained 4 hour, 1, 3, 5, 7 days, 2 and 4 weeks after injection of E. coli or ligation of ureter. Specimen of the left kidneys were observed with light microscopy stained with hematoxylin-eosin. 1. In group I, pyelonephritis developed from the 3rd day to the 7th day, after intravenous injection of E. coli, After the 7th day pyelonephritis tended to heal spontaneously. 2. In group II, pyelonephritis developed on the 3rd day after ureteral ligation and inflammatory changes were aggravated progressively thereafter. 3. In group III. renal inflammatory changes were more severe and it progressed faster than in group II. 4. In group II and III, the inflammatory changes were more severe in the renal medulla than in the cortex.
Animals ; Escherichia coli ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Microscopy ; Pyelonephritis ; Rats* ; Silk ; Ureter* ; Veins

A clinical observation was done in 72 patients with renal cell carcinoma admitted to Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College from Jan. 1980 to Jun. 1988 retrospectively. There were 52 men and 20 women, giving a ratio of 2.6 to 1, with the highest incidence in the sixth to seventh decades (66%). The most common symptom and sign were hematuria, flank pain and palpable mass in orders, but classic symptom triad of renal cell carcinoma was present in only 11% of the patients. Symptoms secondary to metastasis were only initial presentations in more than half of the patients with stage IV disease, initially 11% (12 pts.) of all the patients with renal cell carcinoma. CT scan showed a high diagnostic accuracy (78%) as compared to pathologic examination. So recently angiography is not done routinely. In one patient, tumor was not detected by CT scan, but by ultrasonography and angiography. Liver scan is not indicated unless there are 2 or more abnormal values among liver function test including alkaline phosphatase, GOT and GPT. Bone metastasis is not correlated with the elevation of alkaline phosphatase and bone scan is indicated only when bone pain and/or gait disturbance are present. Radical nephrectomy is the choice of treatment and adjunctive therapy including. irradiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy were not effective. The majority of distant metastasis (86%) occurred within the first 2 years following nephrectomy and metastatic sites were lung, lymph nodes, liver and bone in orders. Of the 72 patients, it was possible for 36 patients to follow up more than 3 years. Patients with stage 1 disease showed 90%. (9/10) 3 year survival and there were no significant differences in 3 year survival between stage II (50%) and stage III (44%) disease. No patients with stage IV disease survived more than 3 years.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Angiography ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gait ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Incidence ; Liver ; Liver Function Tests ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Urology

A retrospective study of 24 partial cystectomies done between April, 1978 and October, 1982 was undertaken to evaluate the proper role of the procedure in the treatment of bladder carcinoma. The following results were obtained:1. During this period, there were 84 cases of bladder tumor and partial cystectomy was performed in 24 cases(28.6%). 2. there were 20 males and 4 females with a ratio of 5:1 and 62.5 per cent of the patients were over 50 years old. 3. 54 per cent of the patients visited the hospital within 3 months after the occurrence of the initial symptom, 95.8 per cent within 1 year. 4. The most common presenting symptoms were hematuria (100%), frequent urination (45.8%), painful urination (29.1%) and voiding difficulty(25%). 5. The most common site of origin was lateral wall(58.3%) and 25% of the patients were located at the dome of bladder. 6. Of the entire group of 24 patients 15 cases were followed up. High stage(B2 or C) or high grade(III or IV)tumor recurred in all cases and recurred earlier than low stage or low grade tumor. In conclusion, partial cystectomy is adequate treatment for low stage and low grade bladder tumor.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cystectomy* ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urination

Urethral stricture is one of the most serious disease in Urology and must be treated vigorously, but the best method of treatment is not established. Our aim is to evaluate a policy of treatment which had developed in favor of urethroplasty for all but minor stricture. A total of 123 patients who had suffered from urethral stricture and undergone urethroplasty in the Department of Urology. Catholic Medical College, were studied during the period from January, 1970 to December, 1982. Of 123 patients,112 primary operations were interlocking, resection and end-to-end anastomosis, Turner-Warwick urethroplasty and transpubic urethroplasty. The results were as follows: 1. In age distribution of the 123 cases of urethral stricture, age of 80 cases ranged from 20 to 49 years. 2. The most common cause of urethral stricture was traumatic urethral injury(traffic accident, industrial accident and staddle injury)comprising 117(95.1%)our of 123cases and the remainders were inflammatory in 3(2.4%),iatrogenic in 3(2.4%). 3. In 41 cases(36.6%)repair was done by interlocking,57(50.9%)by resection and end-to-end anastomosis,3 (2.7%)by Turner-warwick urethroplasty,1(0.9%)by transpubic urethroplasty, 10(8.9%)by suprapubic cystostomy alone. 4. Of the 41 cases of interlocking,6(14.6%) were developed stricture and they required a secondary operation due to persistent stricture in spite of urethral dilatation. 5. Of the 57 cases of resection and end-to-end anastomosis, 5(8.8%)were developed stricture and they required a secondary operation. 6. The methods of secondary operation were resection and end-to-end anastomosis in 6, Turner-Warwick urethroplasty in 2, transpubic urethroplasty in 2.9 of the 10 had good results but 1 required a tertiary operation. 7. In 11 cases transferred from other hospital, methods of secondary operation were resection and end-to- end anastomosis in 8,Turner-Warwick urethroplasty in 2, transpubic urethroplasty in 1 but 3 of the 11 cases required a tertiary operation(Turner-Warwick urethroplasty.) 8. Impotence was developed in 17(13.8%) and the incidence of impotence associated with pelvic bone fracture was 11 cases(64.7%) In total 123 urethral stricture patients,55cases have been followed up by interview and questionnaire from 2 to 10 years. 68 were lost to follow-up. 2 of the 55 vases died of unrelated disease within the period of follow-up. In long term follow-up survey of 53 cases, 7(13.2%) were complicated of urethral stricture and impotence in 9 (17.0%).
Accidents, Occupational ; Age Distribution ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystostomy ; Dilatation ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Pelvic Bones ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urethral Stricture* ; Urology

Politano-Leadbetter method has been widely used in ureteroneocystostomy these days, we encounter some cases not suitable for this method, For example, in case the ureter was not properly long enough or in the process of making submucosal tunnel vesical mucosa happens to be irregulary dissected due to vesical inflammation, other useful method of vesicoureteral reimplantation is necessary. therefore, instead of making the submucosal tunnel, enough length of the intravesical ureter, which was the most important factor in preventing vesicoureteral reflux, was made protruded into the bladder lumen with free end method and modified Politano-Leadbetter method. these maneuvers well permit value-like flatting or closing of the distal ureteral segment during periods of increased intravesical pressure. We have performed experimental ureteroneocystostomy in 8 dogs, 16 ureters with simple free end method (group 1) and modified Politano-Leadbetter method(group 2)in two groups and two dogs were used as control. The procedure of free end method is a no-tunnel `drop-in` with a long segment protruding into the bladder lumen and that of modified Politano-Leadbetter method is as follows. The intravesical ureter is placed beneath the incised bladder mucosa without submucosal tunnelling and the spatulated distal end of the ureter is sutured with bladder mucosa. In control group ureteroneocystomy was performed by Politano-Leadbetter method. The roentgenographic findings and gross appearance of the kidney and ureter were observed in the 5 weeks after the operation. The anastomosis site was also observed histologically. The results obtained were as follows: 1. No vesicoureteral reflux was found cystographically in both group. 2. Hydronephrosis and obstruction at the anastomosis site were found in one out of 8 ureters in each group by intravenous urography. 3. Renal enlargement and chronic inflammation and fibrosis at the anastomosis site were noted in one out of 8 ureters in each group by gross and microscopical examination. 4. In group 2, modified Politano-Leadbetter method, it was found that the intravesical ureter was covered by regenerated vesical submucosal tissue microscopically. Through this study it is concluded that these two methods are useful to be performed for the ureteroneocystostomy when the submucosal tunnel technique is not suitable.
Animals ; Dogs* ; Fibrosis ; Hydronephrosis ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Mucous Membrane ; Replantation ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux