Renal transplantation to 37 dog was done to study relationship of the fluid imbalance with pathological changes. 1. The 9 dogs of 37 renal homografts without immunosuppressive drug survived more than 3 days. 2. In the 9 cases, BUN was elevated above the 40,K was elevated above the 7.2 mEq/L except 1 case and CI was below the normal level in 5 cases. Sodium was not changed in all cases. 3. Main direct causes of death was other than bleeding, occlusion of renal and fluid imbalance. 4. Almost all cases that showed lymphocyte and monocyte infiltation with intact glomeruli and tubule was thought to be functioning despite of histological findings of rejection. But those case that showed glomeruli and tubular necrosis was thought to be nonfunctioning because of renal ischemia. Renal necrosis and renal rejection were not related with chemical changes of the serum.
Allografts ; Animals ; Cause of Death ; Dogs* ; Hemorrhage ; Ischemia ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Lymphocytes ; Monocytes ; Necrosis ; Sodium

A clinical observation was made on 16 patients of penis carcinoma admitted to the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College Hospital during the period from August, 1972 to July, 1982 and the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of penis carcinoma was 0.4% of total inpatients of urologic department and 3.9% of genitourinary cancer. 2. Age distribution was from 43 to 78, showing highest incidence at 50-59 years. 3. Clinical findings were; mass 56%, Ulcer 44% and inguinal lymphadenopathy 44%. 4. Treatment were partial amputation in 18.8%, partial amputation with lymph node dissection in 43.8% and total amputation with lymph node dissection in 25%. 5. Of 11 cases in whom lymph node dissection were performed, 4 cases were positive for metastasis. Of 7 cases with palpable lymph nodes, 3 cases were positive for metastasis. In 4 cases having lymph node dissection when lymph nodes were not palpable, 1 case was positive for metastasis.
Age Distribution ; Amputation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Penis* ; Ulcer ; Urogenital Neoplasms ; Urology

In order to determine its accuracy the authors conducted cytologic examination on patients found to have urothelial carcinoma by cystoscopy, histopathologic and radiological examinations at the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College, from January 1971 to August 1981. The results were as follows: 1. Age distribution of the urothelial carcinomas is from 33 to 80 years age and the most frequent age group is 40 to 59 years age. The male: female ratio is 4.3:1. 2. Of the 32 patients, 4 cases (12.4%) were negative, 14 (43.8%) suspicious and 14 (43.8%) positive reports. 3. No significant correlations were found between the urine cytology and histologic grade, but the higher cytologic class had tendency to have the higher histologic grade. 4. In the aspect of the tumor size and cytology, large sized tumor had showed positive findings more frequently than that of, smaller one, but it showed high accuracy rate (77.8%) when small sized tumors were multiple.
Age Distribution ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Urology

One case of renal infarction due to trauma in a 26 years old male patient, which was treated with partial nephrectomy, was presented with the brief review of literature.
Adult ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Male ; Nephrectomy

The place of excretory urography in the diagnosis of both renal and extrarenal lesions has been firmly established. Radiographic findings of the kidney by means of excretory urogram is no less important than any other functional study in the evaluation of clinicalconditions, such as atrophic kidney, hydronephrosis, renal tumor, renal hypertension and polycystic kidney. The present investigation was undertaken to establish the morphological features of the normal kidney in Korean adults of both sexes, such as size (length and width), renovertebral angle and distance, number of calices and position in the renal pelvis. 200 cases of normal intravenous pyelography were subjected to the present investigation. These materials were randomly selected from the X-ray file of St. Vincent's Hospital covering the period from Jan. 1979 to Dec. l980. There were 96 males and 104 females of normal health, and the age ranged from 20 to 54 years old, showing comparatively even distribution. The results were as follows: 1. Length: The mean values in males were 12.50 cm for the right side and 12.95 cm for the left side and those in females were 11.99 cm for the right side and 12.43 cm for the left side. The figures for both sides were about 0.5 cm larger in males than in females and the left side was about 0.5 cm larger in both sexes than the right side. 2. Width: The mean values in males were 6.24 cm for the right side and 6.60 cm, for the left side and those in females were 6.07 cm for the right side and 6.38 cm for the left side. The figure for the left side were wider than the right side about 0.4 cm in males and 0.3 cm in females, but there were no significant differences between the left side and the right side in both sexes. 3. Renovertebral angle: The mean values in males were 15.39 degrees for the right side and 15.40 degrees for the left side and in females the figures were 13.34 degrees for the right side and 13.47 degrees for the left side. There were no significant differences between the right and the left side in both sexes, but the angle in both sides were about 2 larger in the male than in the females. 4. Renovertebral distance: The mean values in males were 5.9 cm for the right side and 6.01 cm for the left side and in females the figures were 5.05 cm for the right side and 5.09 cm for the left side. There were no significant differences between the right and left and left side in both sexes, but the distance in both sides were about 0.9 cm larger in the males than in the females. 5. Number of the calices: The number of major calices was 2 to 4 and that of minor calices 5 to 13. The number of minor calices was 7 to 10 in 357 kidneys (89.3%). 6. Position in renal pelvis: An intrarenal pelvis was found in 263 cases (65.8%)and an extrarenal pelvis was seen in 137 cases (34.2%).
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypertension, Renal ; Kidney Pelvis ; Kidney* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Urography

The results of TUR and open surgery in benign prostatic hyperplasia were compared in 72 cases of TUR and 48 cases of open surgery from July 1980 to June 1987. The results were as follows; 1. Mean operation time was shorter in TUR than open surgery(106.9min. in open surgery, 87.4min. in TUR). 2. Mean weight of resected prostate was heavier in open surgery than TUR(57.5gm in open surgery, 18.1gm in TUR). 3. Mean blood loss during operation was widely different between two groups(547.2ml in open surgery, 281.6ml in TUR), and no blood was required in 19.4% of TUR. 4. Mean hospitalization and catheter indwelling periods were shorter in TUR than open surgery(mean hospitalization ; 13 days in open surgery and 8.6 days in TUR). 5. Total complication rate was 25.1% in open surgery and 20.8% in TUR, the most predominant complication was rebleeding in open surgery and urinary incontinence in TUR.
Catheters ; Hospitalization ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Incontinence

The authors designed experiments to clarify ultrastructure of the renal pelvic epithelium and to observe its morphological changes in the postobstructed kidney by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A total of 27 rabbits weighing about 2.5kg body weight, 3 for normal group and 24 for group of postobstruction, were used. Under pentothal sodium anesthesia, complete ureteral obstruction was accomplished by ligation on the left ureter 1cm above the ureterovesical junction. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week after unilateral ureteral ligation. The kidneys for light microscopy were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at a thickness of 6 um and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For scanning electron microscopy, tissue specimens taken from the renal papilla, peripelvic column, pelvic pouch and funnelshaped pelvic wall, were fixed in 1.5% paraformaldehyde-1% glutaraldehyde solution prior to fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohol, transferred to isoamyl acetate and dried in the critical point drier(Polaron E 3,000). Subsequently, specimens were coated with gold and observed by an electron microscope(JSM-35C). For transmission electron microscopy, pre-and post-fixed tissue blocks taken from various portions of the pelvic wall were embedded in Araldite. Ultrathin sections cut with an ultramicrotome(LKB-V) were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead acitrate, and examined by an electron microscope(JEM-100B). The results were as follows : The renal papilla and peripelvic column were lined with simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium which was composed of the principal cells with a few organelles and numerous short microvilli and the cells with a single cilium. The pelvic pouch was lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The superficial cells were characterized by the presence of numerous secretory granules which were round or oval in shape(668+/-174nm) and showed various electron densities. The funnel-shaped portion of the pelvic wall was lined with transitional epithelium. The superficial cells containing a few fusiform vesicles were expanded in parallel with the luminal surface, and luminal plasma membrane of the cells showed well developed microridges and polygonal plaques consisting of asymmetric unit membrane. The following morphological changes were observed in different portions of the pelvic epithelium of the hydronephrotic kidney after ureteral obstruction. The cell organelles, such as granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and ribosomes, were obviously increased in the epithelial cells of the renal papilla and peripelvic column. In the superficial cells of the pelvic pouch, the secretory granules were increased, and exocytosis of the granules was noticed at the luminal surface. Superficial epithelial cells of the funnel-shaped pelvic wall were cuboidal in shape, and showed remarkable decrease of microridges on the luminal surface. These morphological changes of the pelvic epithelium gradually occurred until 4th week after ureteral obstruction. From these findings of the rabbit pelvic epithelium, it is suggested that transport of water and solutes of the pelvic urine can take place through the epithelia covering the renal papilla and peripelvic column, the secretory function is accomplished by the epithelium of the pelvic pouch, and the transitional epithelium related to the permeability barrier is only limited to the funnelshaped pelvic wall. In the experimental hydronephrotic kidney, it is postulated that the epithelial cell activities of the renal papilla, peripelvic column and pelvic pouch are increased and permeability barrier of the transitional epithelium is maintained until 4th week after ureteral obstruction.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cell Membrane ; Cilia ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium* ; Exocytosis ; Formaldehyde ; Glutaral ; Hematoxylin ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney* ; Ligation ; Membranes ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microvilli ; Mitochondria ; Organelles ; Osmium Tetroxide ; Paraffin ; Permeability ; Phenobarbital ; Rabbits ; Ribosomes ; Secretory Vesicles ; Sodium ; Thiopental ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction

Partial nephrectomy frequently accompanies serious complications such as secondary bleeding and urinary fistula and these complications result from necrosis of renal cut margin after partial nephrectomy. We have performed experimental partial nephrectomy to compare the extent of necrosis of renal cut margin after the wedge resection(Group l), the transverse polar resection(Group 2) and the chromic ligature resection(Group 3). In order to investigate which type of 3 partial nephrectomies cause less complications, 15 adult mongrel dogs were divided into three groups and partial nephrectomy was performed at the lower one quarter of 10 kidneys of 5 dogs in each group. The gross and microscopic findings of renal cut margin were observed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the operation. The results were as follows; 1. Mean depth of necrosis of the renal cortex at cut margin in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 1.Ocm, O.2 cm and O.3cm, respectively. 2. Mean depth of necrosis of the renal medulla in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 1.1cm, O.9cm and O.8cm, respectively. 3. On microscopic examination of the renal cortex at the 3rd week after operation, Groups 2 and 3 showed complete healing of necrosis but Group 1 showed delayed healing with remained necrotic tissue. From the present experiment it was found that both the transverse polar and chromic ligature resection cause less complications than the wedge resection.
Adult ; Animals ; Dogs* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney ; Ligation ; Necrosis* ; Nephrectomy* ; Urinary Fistula

This study attempted to clarify the morphological changes of the uriniferous tubules in the postobstructed kidneys of rabbits by electron microscopy. A total of l3 rabbits weighing about 2.5 kg were used. Under penthothal sodium anesthesia, complete ureteral obstruction was accomplished by ligation on the left ureter 1 cm above the ureterovesical junction. The experimental animals were sacrificed at the second and fourth week after the unilateral ureteral ligation. Tissue specimens taken from the renal cortex and medulla were fixed in a mixture of 2% paraform-aldehyde-2.5% glutaraldehyde (phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 ) prior to fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide (phosphate buffer, pH 7.2), and embedded in Epon 8l2. The sections were cut with LKB-III ultratome. Ultra thin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examine with a JEM-100B electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the 2 weeks group of postobstruction, the abnormal morphology of the uriniferous tubules was: diminution in microvilli and basal invaginations, widening of intercellular space, focal necrosis of the epithelium, desquamation of tubular cells and splitting of the basal lamina. The degenerative changes were severe in the distal tubule, loop of Henle and collecting duct. However, the changes were mild in the proximal tubules. 2. In the 4 weeks group of postobstruction, the degenerative changes were more severe and generalized in all portions of the uriniferous tubules, and focal necrosis and desquamation of the epithelial cells were prominent in the distal tubules and collecting ducts. 3. In both groups of postobstruction, the epithelial cells with mild deformity, such as a decrease of microvilli and basal invaginations, were still preserved in all portions of the uriniferous tubules. From these findings in the obstruct nephropathy, degenerative changes are progressively expedited and partially produced in the urinary tubules.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Citric Acid ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Extracellular Space ; Glutaral ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney ; Ligation* ; Loop of Henle ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microvilli ; Necrosis ; Osmium Tetroxide ; Rabbits* ; Sodium ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction

From 1980 to 1988, 101 patients underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Among them, extensive lymphadenectomy was done in 47 patients, and not in the rest of patients. According to cellular grade, tumor size. cell type and stage, survival rates of the two groups were compared. Survival rate of the renal cell carcinoma was decreased in high grade, large size and non-clear cell type, and so they correlated with prognosis. No difference of survival rate was found between extensive lymphadenectomized patients and non-extensive lymphadenectomized patients according to these prognostic factors. Also, no difference or survival rate `in each stage was found between above two groups. An extensive lymphadenectomy is unlikely to increase survival, but we have difficulty in compare the two groups because cases of this study is limited and nodal metastasis can not be confirmed in non-extensive lymphadenectomized patients. Therefore, more randomized controlled study must be performed for accurate result.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy* ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate