A clinical observation was made on 16 patients of penis carcinoma admitted to the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College Hospital during the period from August, 1972 to July, 1982 and the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of penis carcinoma was 0.4% of total inpatients of urologic department and 3.9% of genitourinary cancer. 2. Age distribution was from 43 to 78, showing highest incidence at 50-59 years. 3. Clinical findings were; mass 56%, Ulcer 44% and inguinal lymphadenopathy 44%. 4. Treatment were partial amputation in 18.8%, partial amputation with lymph node dissection in 43.8% and total amputation with lymph node dissection in 25%. 5. Of 11 cases in whom lymph node dissection were performed, 4 cases were positive for metastasis. Of 7 cases with palpable lymph nodes, 3 cases were positive for metastasis. In 4 cases having lymph node dissection when lymph nodes were not palpable, 1 case was positive for metastasis.
Age Distribution ; Amputation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Penis* ; Ulcer ; Urogenital Neoplasms ; Urology

In order to determine its accuracy the authors conducted cytologic examination on patients found to have urothelial carcinoma by cystoscopy, histopathologic and radiological examinations at the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College, from January 1971 to August 1981. The results were as follows: 1. Age distribution of the urothelial carcinomas is from 33 to 80 years age and the most frequent age group is 40 to 59 years age. The male: female ratio is 4.3:1. 2. Of the 32 patients, 4 cases (12.4%) were negative, 14 (43.8%) suspicious and 14 (43.8%) positive reports. 3. No significant correlations were found between the urine cytology and histologic grade, but the higher cytologic class had tendency to have the higher histologic grade. 4. In the aspect of the tumor size and cytology, large sized tumor had showed positive findings more frequently than that of, smaller one, but it showed high accuracy rate (77.8%) when small sized tumors were multiple.
Age Distribution ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Urology

Renal transplantation to 37 dog was done to study relationship of the fluid imbalance with pathological changes. 1. The 9 dogs of 37 renal homografts without immunosuppressive drug survived more than 3 days. 2. In the 9 cases, BUN was elevated above the 40,K was elevated above the 7.2 mEq/L except 1 case and CI was below the normal level in 5 cases. Sodium was not changed in all cases. 3. Main direct causes of death was other than bleeding, occlusion of renal and fluid imbalance. 4. Almost all cases that showed lymphocyte and monocyte infiltation with intact glomeruli and tubule was thought to be functioning despite of histological findings of rejection. But those case that showed glomeruli and tubular necrosis was thought to be nonfunctioning because of renal ischemia. Renal necrosis and renal rejection were not related with chemical changes of the serum.
Allografts ; Animals ; Cause of Death ; Dogs* ; Hemorrhage ; Ischemia ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Lymphocytes ; Monocytes ; Necrosis ; Sodium

The place of excretory urography in the diagnosis of both renal and extrarenal lesions has been firmly established. Radiographic findings of the kidney by means of excretory urogram is no less important than any other functional study in the evaluation of clinicalconditions, such as atrophic kidney, hydronephrosis, renal tumor, renal hypertension and polycystic kidney. The present investigation was undertaken to establish the morphological features of the normal kidney in Korean adults of both sexes, such as size (length and width), renovertebral angle and distance, number of calices and position in the renal pelvis. 200 cases of normal intravenous pyelography were subjected to the present investigation. These materials were randomly selected from the X-ray file of St. Vincent's Hospital covering the period from Jan. 1979 to Dec. l980. There were 96 males and 104 females of normal health, and the age ranged from 20 to 54 years old, showing comparatively even distribution. The results were as follows: 1. Length: The mean values in males were 12.50 cm for the right side and 12.95 cm for the left side and those in females were 11.99 cm for the right side and 12.43 cm for the left side. The figures for both sides were about 0.5 cm larger in males than in females and the left side was about 0.5 cm larger in both sexes than the right side. 2. Width: The mean values in males were 6.24 cm for the right side and 6.60 cm, for the left side and those in females were 6.07 cm for the right side and 6.38 cm for the left side. The figure for the left side were wider than the right side about 0.4 cm in males and 0.3 cm in females, but there were no significant differences between the left side and the right side in both sexes. 3. Renovertebral angle: The mean values in males were 15.39 degrees for the right side and 15.40 degrees for the left side and in females the figures were 13.34 degrees for the right side and 13.47 degrees for the left side. There were no significant differences between the right and the left side in both sexes, but the angle in both sides were about 2 larger in the male than in the females. 4. Renovertebral distance: The mean values in males were 5.9 cm for the right side and 6.01 cm for the left side and in females the figures were 5.05 cm for the right side and 5.09 cm for the left side. There were no significant differences between the right and left and left side in both sexes, but the distance in both sides were about 0.9 cm larger in the males than in the females. 5. Number of the calices: The number of major calices was 2 to 4 and that of minor calices 5 to 13. The number of minor calices was 7 to 10 in 357 kidneys (89.3%). 6. Position in renal pelvis: An intrarenal pelvis was found in 263 cases (65.8%)and an extrarenal pelvis was seen in 137 cases (34.2%).
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypertension, Renal ; Kidney Pelvis ; Kidney* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Urography

One case of renal infarction due to trauma in a 26 years old male patient, which was treated with partial nephrectomy, was presented with the brief review of literature.
Adult ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Male ; Nephrectomy

A clinical observation was made on 19 patients of renal cell carcinoma who were treated by radical nephrectomy with extended retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College during the period from May, 1980 to August, l985. Results were as follows; 1. Clinical stages by Robson`s staging system were 7 cases of stage I, 6 cases of stage II, 5 cases of stage III and 1 case of stage IV. Acuracy rate of clinical staging was 68.4%. 2. Pathologic stages were 8 cases of stage I, 5 cases of stage II, 4 cases of stage HI and 2 cases of stage IV. 3. Metastatic sites were perirenal fat(5 cases), regional lymphnode (2 cases), vessel(4 cases) and lung (2 cases). The rate of regional lymphnode involvement was 10.5%. 4. Postoperative complications were colocutaneous fistula (1 case), prolonged ileus (1 case) and pleural effusion (1 case). 5. Out of 19 cases 13 cases were alive without recurrence, 2 cases were alive with metastasis, 3 cases died with recurrence and 1 case died with other cause. 1 year survival rate was 77.8%.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Fistula ; Humans ; Ileus ; Lung ; Lymph Node Excision* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy* ; Pleural Effusion ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Urology

The results of TUR and open surgery in benign prostatic hyperplasia were compared in 72 cases of TUR and 48 cases of open surgery from July 1980 to June 1987. The results were as follows; 1. Mean operation time was shorter in TUR than open surgery(106.9min. in open surgery, 87.4min. in TUR). 2. Mean weight of resected prostate was heavier in open surgery than TUR(57.5gm in open surgery, 18.1gm in TUR). 3. Mean blood loss during operation was widely different between two groups(547.2ml in open surgery, 281.6ml in TUR), and no blood was required in 19.4% of TUR. 4. Mean hospitalization and catheter indwelling periods were shorter in TUR than open surgery(mean hospitalization ; 13 days in open surgery and 8.6 days in TUR). 5. Total complication rate was 25.1% in open surgery and 20.8% in TUR, the most predominant complication was rebleeding in open surgery and urinary incontinence in TUR.
Catheters ; Hospitalization ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Urinary Incontinence

This study was designed to observe morphological changes of the renal cortex and medulla of the rat kidneys after intravenous Escherichia coli injection following unilateral ureteral ligation. A total of 105 white rats weighing about 180-200g were used in the experiments. Animals were divided into 3 groups: Escherichia coli injection without ureteral ligation (Group I), unilateral ureteral ligation without intravenous Escherichia coli injection (Group II), and intravenous Escherichia coli injection following unilateral ureteral ligation (Group III). Each group consists of 35 rats. In group I, each rat was injected with about 2 X 10 8 Escherichia coli through the tail vein. In group II, each rat was ligated on the left ureter with silk ligature completely. In group III, each left ureter was ligated and 2 X 10 8 Escherichia coli was injected through the vein of rat tail. Kidneys were obtained 4 hour, 1, 3, 5, 7 days, 2 and 4 weeks after injection of E. coli or ligation of ureter. Specimen of the left kidneys were observed with light microscopy stained with hematoxylin-eosin. 1. In group I, pyelonephritis developed from the 3rd day to the 7th day, after intravenous injection of E. coli, After the 7th day pyelonephritis tended to heal spontaneously. 2. In group II, pyelonephritis developed on the 3rd day after ureteral ligation and inflammatory changes were aggravated progressively thereafter. 3. In group III. renal inflammatory changes were more severe and it progressed faster than in group II. 4. In group II and III, the inflammatory changes were more severe in the renal medulla than in the cortex.
Animals ; Escherichia coli ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Microscopy ; Pyelonephritis ; Rats* ; Silk ; Ureter* ; Veins

A clinical observation was done in 72 patients with renal cell carcinoma admitted to Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College from Jan. 1980 to Jun. 1988 retrospectively. There were 52 men and 20 women, giving a ratio of 2.6 to 1, with the highest incidence in the sixth to seventh decades (66%). The most common symptom and sign were hematuria, flank pain and palpable mass in orders, but classic symptom triad of renal cell carcinoma was present in only 11% of the patients. Symptoms secondary to metastasis were only initial presentations in more than half of the patients with stage IV disease, initially 11% (12 pts.) of all the patients with renal cell carcinoma. CT scan showed a high diagnostic accuracy (78%) as compared to pathologic examination. So recently angiography is not done routinely. In one patient, tumor was not detected by CT scan, but by ultrasonography and angiography. Liver scan is not indicated unless there are 2 or more abnormal values among liver function test including alkaline phosphatase, GOT and GPT. Bone metastasis is not correlated with the elevation of alkaline phosphatase and bone scan is indicated only when bone pain and/or gait disturbance are present. Radical nephrectomy is the choice of treatment and adjunctive therapy including. irradiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy were not effective. The majority of distant metastasis (86%) occurred within the first 2 years following nephrectomy and metastatic sites were lung, lymph nodes, liver and bone in orders. Of the 72 patients, it was possible for 36 patients to follow up more than 3 years. Patients with stage 1 disease showed 90%. (9/10) 3 year survival and there were no significant differences in 3 year survival between stage II (50%) and stage III (44%) disease. No patients with stage IV disease survived more than 3 years.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Angiography ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gait ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Incidence ; Liver ; Liver Function Tests ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Urology

From 1980 to 1988, 101 patients underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Among them, extensive lymphadenectomy was done in 47 patients, and not in the rest of patients. According to cellular grade, tumor size. cell type and stage, survival rates of the two groups were compared. Survival rate of the renal cell carcinoma was decreased in high grade, large size and non-clear cell type, and so they correlated with prognosis. No difference of survival rate was found between extensive lymphadenectomized patients and non-extensive lymphadenectomized patients according to these prognostic factors. Also, no difference or survival rate `in each stage was found between above two groups. An extensive lymphadenectomy is unlikely to increase survival, but we have difficulty in compare the two groups because cases of this study is limited and nodal metastasis can not be confirmed in non-extensive lymphadenectomized patients. Therefore, more randomized controlled study must be performed for accurate result.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy* ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate