Background Recent studies have confirmed that sulforaphane (SFN) can activate multiple pathways,and promote the expression of the antioxidants in cells.Thioredoxin (Trx) plays an important role in maintaining the intracellular redox in the steady state.Objective This study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of SFN on Trx expression in bovine trabecular meshwork cells (BTMCs) cultured in vitro.Methods BTMCs were cultured in vitro and identified by morphological evaluation.The third generation of BTMCs were cultured in the medium with 0,10,20 and 30 μmol/L SFN for 30 minutes.Real-time PCR was applied to measure the expression of Trx mRNA in BTMCs.The BTMCs were randomly divided into normal control group,LY294002 group,U0126 group,SFN group,LY294002 +SFN group and U0126+SFN group.The expressions of Nrf2 protein and Trx protein in each group were measured by Western blot.Results The BTMCs was successfully cultured in vitro.The expressions of Trx mRNA were significantly different among the different concentrationss of SFN treatment (F=88.090,P＜0.01).The expressions of Trx protein and Nrf2 protein in the LY294002 +SFN group,U0126 +SFN group and SFN group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (all at P ＜ 0.01).The expressions of Trx protein and Nrf2 protein in the LY294002+SFN group and U0126+SFN group were significantly higher than those in the SFN group (all at P＜0.01).Conelusions SFN can activate Nrf2 by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways,which can increase the expression level of Trx in BTMCs cultured in vitro.

Objective To study clinical features of liver damage in primary Sj(o)gren syndrome (pSS) and its related factors.Methods One hundred and forty-nine patients of confirmed pSS hospitalized at Peking University People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results Seventeen of 149 patients of pSS (11.4%) showed liver damage,10 diagnosed as autoimmune hepatitis and seven as primary biliary liver cirrhosis.Increased serum levels of IgG,IgM and γ-globulin accounted for 88.2% and 50.8%,35.3% and 5.3%,and 94.1% and 47.7% of those complicated with and without liver damage,respectively,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Positive serum anti-mitochondria antibody subtype M2 (AMA-M2) was 35.3% in pSS patients with liver damage,significantly higher than that in those without liver damage (1.5%) (P ＜ 0.05).Independent risk factors significantly associated with liver damage included age (OR = 1.013,95% CI 0.971-1.058),course of illness (OR = 1.089,95% CI 1.032-1.150),serum level of γ-globulin (OR = 4.021,95% CI 1.246-12.982),positive AMA-M2 (OR = 11.82,95% CI 0.005-0.157),and positive anti-SSA (OR = 101.333,95% CI 12.653-811.560).Conclusions Liver damage occurred rather high in pSS patients and increased serum levels of IgG,IgM,γ-globulin and anti-SSA can be used to predict their complication with liver damage.Age,course of illness,serum level of γ-globulin,positive AMA-M2 and positive anti-SSA are all significantly associated with liver damage in pSS patients.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of application in canicular days plus enteral nutrition in treating cough variant asthma (CVA) in kids, and to explore its action mechanism. Methods:Following a randomized controlled single-blind parallel-group design, 138 eligible kids with CVA were randomized into an observation group, a canicular-day application group, and an enteral nutrition group, 46 kids in each group. The canicular-day application group was intervened by application in canicular days, the enteral nutrition group was by enteral feeding, and the observation group was by both canicular-day application and enteral feeding. The therapeutic efficacies were evaluated after a treatment course. Results: The recovery rate and total effective rate were respectively 50.0% and 98.0% in the observation group, versus 23.9% and 91.3% in the canicular-day application group, and 13.0% and 78.6% in the enteral nutrition group. The observation group was significantly superior to the other two groups (bothP<0.05). In comparing the global symptom score, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, CD8+, hemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), lipid peroxide (LPO), leukotriene (LT), body weight (BW), triceps skin-fold (TSF), and arm muscle circumference (AMC), the observation group was significantly better than the other two groups (bothP<0.05). Conclusion:Application in canicular days plus enteral nutrition can significantly improve the pulmonary function and symptoms in children’s CVA, and the effect is possibly produced by regulating cellular immune system, enhancing Hb, TP, ALB, BW, TSF, AMC, and inhibiting the production of ECP, LPO, and LT.

The effects of Spirulina on intestinal microflora of diarrhea model mice were observed.Diarrhea model mice were geted by gastric perfusion ampicillin,then these mice were given different doses spirulina by gavage.Selective culture media were used to culture bifidobacteria,bacterium lacticum,enteric bacilli,enterococci,bacteroid,clostridium perfringens in feces at different times.In order to find the difference of collecting samples from feces and intestine,the quantity of detection flora in different segment of intestine were compared too.The result showed that in middle dose group and high dose group spirulina can regulate and improve intestinal flora of diarrhea model mice,and effectively shorten time from disturbance to balance.Fecal sample and intestinal contents sample both manifest a same trend,that is the quantity of bifidobacteria,bacterium lacticum in treatment recovery group is significantly higher than saline group,and enteric bacilli,enterococci,bacteroid,clostridium perfringens is significantly lower than saline group,but each index flora in intestinal contents sample has a significant difference in quantity.

Objective To explore the effects of group psychotherapy on breast cancer patients. Methods 80 outpatients with breast cancerwho did not participate in the Rukang Salon (control group) and 100 outpatients participated (intervention group) were surveyed withquestionaire. Results The incidence of psychological distress was 36.8% in the control group and 21.1% in the intervention group ( χ2=5.02,P=0.03). In the intervention group, the efficacy of those without psychological distress (236.86±35.17) was significantly higher than thosewith psychological distress (214.21±26.52), (t=2.61, P=0.01). There were significant differences in those 5 factors: group cohesion, universality,interpersonal learning, guide instructions, and hope remodeling. Top 5 factors in scores reported were interpersonal learning, hopingremodeling, group cohesion, guide instructions, and exist consciousness. Conclusion Group psychotherapy can significantly reduce the psychologicaldistress in rehabilitating breast cancer patients. Group cohesion, universality, interpersonal learning, guide instructions, hope remodelingand exist consciousness may play important roles.

ObjectiveTo observe the projections from respiratory neurons of medulla oblongata to the motor neuron pool of phrenic nerve in rat. MethodsBy using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing technique after injecting HRP into phrenic nerve, retrograde labelled neurons were found in C3-C5 segment. Then, HRP was injected into the area where the phrenic motor neurons occupied, retrograde labelled neurons were found in medulla oblongata. ResultsPhrenic motor neurons locate in the C3-C5 segment ipsilaterally, occuping the intermediate portion of anterior horn and appearing typical motor neurons. Retrograde labelled neurons were found bilaterally in medulla oblongata, the neurons were located in nucleus retroambigualis (RNA), ventramedial area to nucleus retrofacialis (NRF). ConclusionThe phrenic motor neurons may receive direct projection of respiratory neuron in medulla oblongata, the projecting neurons are distributed in RNA and NRF area.

Objective To test a full range of processes of sample collection,preparation,measurement and analysis by conducting the intercomparison of gamma-ray spectrometry measurement and analysis of radionuclides among key laboratories,so as to facilitate the development of gamma-ray spectrometry measurement and analysis technology.Methods To complete the collection and preparation of soil samples by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) laboratory and to measure and analyze the content in two soil samples of 214Pb,214Bi,208TI,228Ac,40K and 137Cs by three laboratories using gamma-ray spectrometry.Results The value calculated by any two laboratories were less than 1 in terms of assessment standards agreed by these three laboratories and based on the activity concentrations and the total uncertainty reported from them.The measurement results from our lab were acceptable.Conclusions Measurement results from these three laboratories are in agreement to some extent.This intercomparison activity has tested the analytical ability of the three laboratories and raised the level of our laboratory in testing homogeneity of sample preparation.

Objective To establish a method for estimating internal dose from aerosol inhalation in non-uranium miners.Methods Aerosol samples in a tunnel in Dongchuan Copper Mine in Yunnan Province were collected by portable high flux air sampler.Radionuclides collected at the sampler filters were analyzed by the gamma spectrometry.Annual committed effective dose due to inhalation of the aerosol dust was estimated using the formula provided by ASTM.Results Radionuclides collected in two aerosol samples were anlayzed,the annual committed effective doses due to inhalation of 1 μm and 5 μm aerosol were estimated.Conclusions The method of using high flux air sampling and gamma spectrometry is explored to estimate the dose from aerosol inhalation.

Objective To estimate the dose to non-uranium miners from external exposure.Methods Ore samples of non-uranium mines were collected in site and analyzed with gamma spcetrometry,then annual dose to the miners was estimated based on the measured radioactivities of radionuclides.Results Thirty-two ore samples in thirteen mines in seven provinces were collected and analyzed.Among them,radioactivity concentrations in two samples were higher than others,and the annual doses from external exposure to the radionuclides in the two ore samples were estimated to be higher than 1 mSv/a.Conclusions Gamma spectrometry is fit for determining the radionuclides concentrations and its results can be used for estimating dose from external exposure in non-uranium mines.

Objective To determine the activity concentration of radionuclides for 137Cs and 40K in edible wild mushrooms,and to evaluate the extent of radioactive contamination and ingestion doses to adults from consumption of these wild mushrooms.Methods A total of 33 samples for 18 edible wild mushroom species were collected from natural forest Mangshi,Yunnan province.The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 40K were analyzed by using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry.Results Except.for one sample that was below the MDA,137Cs artificial radionuclides were detected in other 32 samples,with activity concentration of 137Cs in the range of 0.45-339.58 Bq/kg (dry weight) and an average of 25.47 Bq/kg (dry weight).In regards to 40K in edible mushrooms,all species presented the activity concentrations for this radionuclide and the levels varied from 453.4 to 1 882.6 Bq/kg (dry weight),with an average of 815.1 Bq/kg (dry weight).After species of mushroom with only one sample were eliminated,there was significant difference for 137Cs(F =21.13,P ＜ 0.05) among 6 species of mushroom named Gomphus floccosus (Schw.) Sing.,Boletus edulis bull,Boletus edulis bull,Tylopllus bolloul (Peck) Sing.,Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing.and Boletus brunneissimus W.F.Chin,but without significant difference for 40K.Conclusions These 6 different mushroom species have different capacity to retain radionuclides of 137Cs in soil.These wild mushrooms,such as Gomphus floccosus (Schw.) Sing.and Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing.have large affinity ability for radionuclides137Cs.The effective dose to adults attributable to consuming these kinds of mushrooms is small and below the level that could cause harm.