BACKGROUND: The level of physical adaptation through active lifestyle can result in changes in appetite; and caused by physical activity and exercise, physical adaptation may change carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise. This study investigated the differences in carbohydrate and fat metabolism after moderate treadmill running and the difference in appetite response before and after exercise in active, regularly exercising individuals and those inactive. METHODS: We analyzed the effects of moderate physical activity (70% of oxygen uptake reserve, 30 minutes on the treadmill) on free fatty acids, glucose, growth hormone, insulin and an appetite visual analogue scale (VAS). Our subjects included 28 healthy males who were divided into two groups, the activity group (n=14) and the inactivity group (n=14) according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The serum samples and VAS were collected at pre, post and 30 min post-exercise. RESULTS: The results of the serum analysis showed no significant effects on free fatty acids, glucose, growth hormone and insulin between the groups, but showed significant changes in free fatty acids and growth hormone between points of measurement. Significant increases in VAS were seen with moderate exercise in both groups, with the inactivity group expressing greater hunger than the activity group. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that inactive persons were hungrier than active persons after moderate exercise. This information might be useful to staff and participants of weight loss programs.
Appetite ; Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Glucose ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hunger ; Insulin ; Life Style ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Oxygen ; Running ; Weight Reduction Programs ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Anesthesia, General ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Palatine Tonsil ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Tonsillectomy

The incidence of conjoined twins is so rare that few anesthesiologists have an opportunity of managing them. Especially in Korea, there are only a few reports describing the anesthetic management for surgical separation of newborn conjoined twins. We experienced the successful anesthetic management for surgical separation of thoraco-xiphopagus conjoined twins without any particular problems. After applying the noninvasive monitors (ECG, pulse oximeter), one of the twins (twinA) with congenital heart disease was administered with intravenous ketamine for induction of anesthesia and intubated without neuromuscular blocker. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O2 and hand ventilation using Mapleson D breathing circuit. After maintaining airway of the twinA, the twinB was intubated and maintained with the same manner. Eighteen days after the separation procedure, the twinA with congenital heart disease died and the other one, twinB has been alive with normal growth and development.
Anesthesia ; Growth and Development ; Hand ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Ketamine ; Korea ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Respiration ; Twins, Conjoined* ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to find out a useful method that can predict the true leukocytosis in blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) due to traumatic lumbar puncture(LP), using white and red cell counts of sanguineous CSF and peripheral blood. METHODS: From May 2001 to December 2002, among 1,247 patients presenting symptoms of meningitis who had received LP at Chonnam Hospital, 126 patients were included in this study who had undergone a second LP due to a traumatic first one. According to the final results of second LP, they were devided into two groups, aseptic meningitis group; and normal CSF group. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively, the proportions of white blood cells to red blood cells were obtained in the peripheral blood(WBC:RBCBlood) and CSF(WBC:RBCCSF), based on the results of the traumatic first LP and simultaneously performed peripheral blood count. The WBC:RBCCSF/WBC:RBCBlood ratio was calculated in each patient. RESULTS: The WBC:RBCCSF/WBC:RBCBlood of the normal CSF group was 13.5+/-7.3(standard deviation), significantly lower than 47.3+/-39.5 of the aseptic meningitis group. CONCLUSION: The WBC:RBCCSF/WBC:RBCBlood is a useful value to predict frank leukocytosis in the blood-contaminated CSF due to traumatic LP, but all clinical and laboratory informations must be considered before deciding on a treatment strategy to minimize the risk of misdiagnosis.
Cell Count ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnostic Errors ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Leukocytes ; Leukocytosis ; Medical Records ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Puncture*

This study investigated the stress of community residents in Kwang-Ju and Chonnam areas by using the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-60) as a instrument of stress measurement. The number of subject were 445 residents who lived in three areas (large city, middle city, and rural area) and they were individually interviewed in March, 1994. The result of study showed that the degrees of stress measured by GHQ-60 were statistically significant in the residents' area, age. sex variables: (a) the residents in middle city among three area had the highest level of stress: (b) the resident who were more than 60 in age had the highest level of stress: (c) the female resident had more stress than male residents: (d) particularly, the residents who were more than 60 years old in the middle city had the highest level of stress. Further, the results of factor analysis showed that there were three factors of social dysfunction, depression and anxiety, and psychosomatic symptom. The social dysfunction factor was statistically significant in both age and resident area variables. The depression and anxiety factor was statistically significant in the residents' area, age. sex variables. The psychosomatic symptom factor was statistically significant in both age and sex variables. The study suggested that they should give a special attention to solve the old people's stress because stress was closely related to residents age.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effects and the stability of a posterior capsulectomy during combined vitrectomy and cataract surgeries in patients with retinal disease. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2005, the records of patients who underwent posterior capsulectomy during a combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery were followed for 12 months. Among 26 total eyes (17 were from males and nine from females), the average age was 63. An epiretinal membrane was found in 18 eyes, branch retinal vein occlusion in three eyes, diabetic macular edema and vitreous opacity in two eyes, and a macular hole in one eye. The posterior capsulotomy was made smaller than the optic using a vitrectomy cutter after insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). We investigated postoperative visual acuity, inflammation, and complications. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative complications. One month postoperatively, one eye (3.8%) showed an increase in intraocular pressure of more than 30 mmHg, one eye (3.8%) showed 2+ inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber. Visual acuity increased by 2 lines postoperatively in 13 eyes (50.0%), whereas visual acuity decreased by more than 1 line in one eye (3.8%). There was a slight decenteration of IOL within 1 mm in two eyes (7.7%) and there was no reclosure of the posterior capsulectomy one year postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior capsulectomy during combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery in patients with retinal disease was simple, safe, and effective in preventing after cataract.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract* ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intraoperative Complications ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Retinal Diseases ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

BACKGROUND: Nitric Oxide (NO) has been discovered to be an important endothelium-derived relaxing factor. The exogenous inhaled NO may diffuse from the alveoli to pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and produce pulmonary vasodilation, but any NO that diffuses into blood will be inactivated before it can produce systemic effects. To examine the effects of NO on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, NO was inhaled by experimental dogs in an attempt to reduce the increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) induced by hypoxia in dogs. METHODS: Eight mongrel dogs were studied while inhaling 1)50% O2 (baseline), 2)12% O2 in N2 (hypoxia), 3)followed by the same hypoxic gas mixture of O2 and N2 containing 20, 40 and 80 ppm of NO, respectively. RESULTS: Breathing at FIO2 0.12 nearly doubled the pulmonary vascular resistance from 173 56dyn sec cm-5 to 407 139dyn sec cm-5 and significantly increased the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 16 3mmHg to 22 4mmHg. After adding 20~80 ppm NO to the inspired gas while maintaining the FIO2 at 0.12, the mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased (p<0.05) to the level when breathing oxygen at FIO2 0.5 while the PaO2 and PaCO2 were unchanged. The pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly and the right ventricular stroke work index returned to a level similar to breathing at FIO2 0.5 by addition of NO into the breathing circuit. Pulmonary hypertension resumed within 3~5 minutes of ceasing NO inhalation. In none of our studies did inhaling NO produce systemic hypotension and elevate methemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of 20~80 ppm NO selectively induced pulmonary vasodilation and reversed hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction without causing systemic vasodilation and bronchodilation. Methemoglobin and NO2 were within normal limit during the study.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Dogs ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Hemodynamics* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Hypotension ; Inhalation* ; Methemoglobin ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery ; Respiration ; Stroke ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction* ; Vasodilation

No abstract available.
Arthritis, Juvenile*

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic*