BACKGROUND: The length of postoperative drug therapy remains controversial in pulmonary tuberculosis. We analyzed our experiences to determine the postoperative duration of chemotherapy after resection. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in 66 of 95 patients that underwent pulmonary resection for pulmonary tuberculosis between January 1993 and December 1998. We compared the relapse rates according to the length of postoperative chemotherapy in each group, classified by the results of sputum AFB culture before the surgery, the number of resistant durgs, the number of prior treatment and the division of anti-TB drugs used postoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty three of 66(80.3%) were men and 13(19.7%) were women with a median age of 33.5 years(range, 16 to 63). The mean lengths of the pre-and post-operative chemotherapies were 4.9 months, and 12.9 months respectively. Five of 66 patients(7.6%) relapsed during the mean period of follow up(39.7 months). In the group less than three times of the prior treatment, there were two relapses(20%) in Ed-the highlight above-rephrase 10 patients that were medicated for 6 months or less, and one relapse in 43 patients(2.3%) that took medicine for more than 6 months(p=0.03). In the group using second-line drugs postoperatively, there was one relapse(25%) in four patients that were medicated for 12 months or less. No patient in a total of 17 that received medicine for more than 12 months relapsed(p=0.03). CONCLUSION: We recommend that patients with the prior treatment less than three times should be treated for more than 6 months after resection and patients using the second-line drugs postoperatively should be medicated for more than 12 months.
Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Scleroderma, Localized*

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Scleroderma, Localized*

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps*

The powdery mildew of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) extensively occurred at 1999 at the experimental farm of Kyongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services. Both sides of the leaves and the older stems were covered with the fungus, and then the leaves and stems turned yellow. The conidia, conidiophores and perithecia were observed on the leaf lesion. Perithecia were ellipsoidal, 80-117microm in diameter. Asci were subglobose and 84~99x59~73microm in size. Ascospore were ellipsoidal to ovoid, and 15~34x11~23microm in size. Conidia were ellipsoid to barrel-shaped, 25~37x11~22microm in size and formed in long chains. The causal organism was identified as Sphaerotheca fuliginea. This is the first report on powdery mildew of safflower caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea in Korea.
Carthamus tinctorius* ; Fungi ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Korea* ; Spores, Fungal

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Purpose: This study investigates the characteristics of different item types to assess learning outcomes and explore the educational implications that can be obtained from the results of learning outcome assessments. Methods: Forty-five second-year premedical students participated in this study. Multiple choice question (MCQ) and short essay question (SEQ) scores and pass rates for 10 learning outcomes were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between SEQs and pass rate but there was no significant correlation between MCQs and pass rate. Some students with identical scores on the MCQs had different scores on the SEQs or on the learning outcomes. Conclusion This study showed that students’ achievement of learning outcomes can be assessed using various types of questions in outcome-based education.

OBJECTIVES: The trial was performed to obtain an unbiased comparison of the relative merits of endocervical and vaginal prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in the case of parous and nulliparous woman with favorable and unfavorable cervical features. This study was performed to determine the clinical usefullness of endocervical PGE2 comparing with the vaginal PGE2 in cervical ripening and induction of labor. METHOD: The randomized trial with 65 Participants was performed with sealed envelopes for parity and Bishop score (from March to september, 1998). PGE2 tablet(3mg Dinoprostone) was administrated intravaginally to the 32 pregnant women and endocervically to the 33 pregnant women every eight hours with maximum three times until the regular labor develped. RESULT: Outcomes of labor and delivery were clearly related to cervical score at trial entry. endocerval PGE2 had a more marked effect on cervical ripeness than did vaginal PGE2. There were no significant differences on age distribution, gestatioanal period, primiparity, cervical status, initial B-score in each group. There were no significant differences in cesarian section rate, fetal distress, uterine hyperstimulation, side effect and poor infant outcome between the groups The mean induction time was statistically shorter in cervical group with multiparous women than other group(p=0.0195). In the induction-active labor time, cervical with primi group was statistically shorter than other group(p=0.0245). Statistically significant differences were noted between the nulliparous woman and multiparous women in mean induction time, induction-active labor time, time to B-score 8. In the factor that effects induction-active labor, route was significantly better than other factor.(p=0.0001) CONCLUSION: edocervical PGE2 is more effctive than vaginal PGE2 in cervical ripening and induction of active labor. the endocervical PGE2 resulted in a significantly shorter induction to active labor time compared with vaginal PGE2 and has almost no side effect. Because differences in effectiveness between endocervical and vaginal PGE2 are marginal, preference of woman and clinicians can the choice between them.
Age Distribution ; Cervical Ripening ; Dinoprostone ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Humans ; Infant ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women