OBJECTIVES: The K-ARS(Korean ADHD Rating Scale) is one of the most important assessment tool of attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in Korea. In this study, we presented detailed normative data on the K-ARS for school-aged children in Seoul metropolitan area to put it to practical use. METHODS: The subjects were 2,397 students(1,223 boys and 1,174 girls, aged 6-12) from 4 elementary schools in Seoul, and one caretaker of each child completed the K-ARS for parents. Children who showed high scores of the KARS for parents were screened, and 2 child psychiatrists interviewed them to make a clinical diagnosis. We compared the mean scores of the K-ARS for parents between ADHD and normal group, and examined the percentage of correct classification. RESULTS: There were some differences in score of the K-ARS for parents according to sex and age, so we presented continuous normative data with T score and subdivided cut-off points for ADHD screening. Interviews with child psychiatrists using DSM-IV criteria were performed to test diagnostic validity, and the difference in every the K-ARS for parents index between ADHD and normal group was significant(p<.001). Using 3 different cut-off points(80th, 90th, 93rd percentage), the accuracies of ADHD correct classification were 67.9, 72.2, 71.1% and all 3 canonical discriminants were significant(p<.05) between ADHD and normal group. CONCLUSION: The normative data and cut-off points on the K-ARS for parents are useful in screening ADHD children in Seoul metropolitan area.
Child ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Parents* ; Psychiatry ; Seoul

Pituitary apoplexy usually presented with abrupt onset of neurological deterioration of headache, visual disturbance and decreased mental status. Post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy generally occurs in patients who have suffered from severe head injury, but there are rare reports occurred in patients with mild head injury. We describe a rare case of atypical presentation of acute pituitary apoplexy following mild head injury. A 68-year-old woman presented with right parietal scalp swelling after minor head trauma. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 14. Initial computed tomography (CT) scans showed multiple contusions in the basal forebrain, falx hemorrhage and a linear skull fracture near the midline. In addition, there was a suprasellar-extended pituitary macroadenoma with suspicious intratumoral hemorrhage. After admission, cloudy consciousness, poor oral intake and high fever continued for several days. On seventh day, her condition has abruptly deteriorated and hypotensive shock developed. She recovered dramatically two days after steroid replacement therapy. The mechanism of pituitary apoplexy after mild head injury discussed with a relevant literature.
Consciousness ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Female ; Fever ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Head ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pituitary Apoplexy ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Prosencephalon ; Scalp ; Shock ; Skull Fractures

OBJECTIVE: We tried to investigate impact of early tracheostomy on hospital-acquired pneumonia and infection of anterior cervical fusion site in patients with acute cervical cord injury undergoing respiratory difficulty. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done with 42 subjects received tracheostomy of patients with acute cervical cord injury admitted in our institution from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2010. The subjects were classified into early tracheostomy group (< or =7 days after endotracheal intubation) and delayed (>7 days). We analyzed the incidence of post-tracheostomy pneumonia, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital stay, in-hospital mortality and tracheostomy or anterior cervical fusion site infections. RESULTS: Early tracheostomy was performed in 13 patients (31.0%) and delayed in 29 (69.0%). The incidence of post-tracheostomy pneumonia was significantly lower in the early tracheostomy group than in the delayed (p=0.018). ICU stay was also significantly lower in the early tracheostomy group than in the delayed (p=0.013). Hospital stay was lower in the early tracheostomy group than in the delayed (p=0.061), but was not statistically significant. In-hospital mortality was not different between two groups. There were no patients with infection of anterior cervical fusion site as a consequence of tracheostomy in both groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that early tracheostomy may have beneficial effects in patients with acute cervical cord injury. Tracheostomy was not found to increase the risk of infection in previous anterior cervical surgery.
Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Tracheostomy

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for acceleration of bone healing process on allograft transplantation after curettage in benign bone tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2007 to February 2009, twenty-one patients who had benign bone tumor and underwent allograft transplantation after curettage were evaluated. Mean follow-up period was 14.6 months (range, 12-26 months). We compared with 13 cases of PRP group and 8 cases of non-PRP group in terms of size of lesion, bone resorption, amount of applied PRP and complications. The mean age at surgery was 23.6 years (range, 4-73 years). The most common diagnosis was simple bone cyst (7) followed by enchondroma (4), giant cell tumor (3), undifferentiated benign bone tumor (3) and so on. RESULTS: The mean size of lesion was 33.5 cm3 (range, 2.3-181.9 cm3) (29.4 cm3 in PRP group and 40.2 cm3 in non-PRP group). The mean volume of injected PRP was 7.4 cc (range, 3-12 cc). Bone union started at 3.0 months (range, 1.5-5.8 months) in PRP group and 5.3 months (range, 4-8 months) in non-PRP group. Three cases for each group were excluded due to recurrence and pathologic fracture. One patient had febrile episode 3 weeks later after surgery which subsided with antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The PRP could accelerate bone union in allograft transplantation after curettage of benign bone tumor. Furthermore, we expect that PRP can accelerate bone union in fracture or non-union.
Acceleration ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bone Cysts ; Bone Resorption ; Chondroma ; Curettage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Humans ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Recurrence ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: When one of family members must be treated, the others are required to get various forms of changes including modification of their proper roles in the family. Particularily when he or she can not perform his or her activities of daily living(ADL) owing to functional impairment by himself or herself, there seems to be greater dependence upon his or her family. Accordingly, we tried to give help in the treatment of patients through the comparative analysis concerning functional impairment in both groups on the assumption that there is difference of family function between two family groups which have a patient in family, or not. METHODS: This study was carried out to 83 inpatients in Sun Hospital in Dae Jeon and local rehabilitation clinics in Iksan from 1. July. 1995 to 31. Jun. 1996. We evaluated activites of daily living by using modified Barthel Index(MBI) and classified them into dependent group with 60 points or less(6roup I ), and independent group with more than 60 points(Group II). We also used Family APGAR score and FACES III to evaluate their family functions. RESULTS: MBI scores to evaluate ADL were 42.9+/-15.6 in Group I and 82.1+/-17.9 in Group II. Family APGAR scores were 6.93+/-2.52 in Group I and 7.24+/-17.9 in Group II but there was no significance between two groups. Types of family according to Family APGAR score were highly functional, morderate dysfunctional, and severly dysfunctional one in order of frequency in both groups, but there was no significance in their frequencies in both groups. Types of Family in view of cohesion was disengaged, separated, connected, and enmeshed one in order of frequency in Group I, and separated, disengaged, connected, and enmeshed one in order of frequency in Group II but there was no significance between two groups. Types of family in view of adaptability were rigid, chaotic structured,and flexible one in order of frequency in Group I, and were flexible, structured, rigid, and chaotic one in orders in Group II, which showed significance between two groups. Extremal types of family structure were large in numbers in Group I, but it didnt show significance. CONCLUSIONS: Assuming that there were large numbers of rigid and chaotic family in Group I, it is considered that tne family which has a patient with severely impaired function seems to have weaker adaptability to their family stresses than otherwise. Therefore, it is desirable that physicians who take charge of such patients provide continuous and comprehensive medical care for them including their family with greater concerns and through analysis and assessment of their family functions.
Activities of Daily Living ; Apgar Score ; Daejeon ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Jeollabuk-do ; Rehabilitation* ; Solar System

Renal scintigraphic methods, which are physiologic and minimally invasive, have played important role in the management of various renal diseases in children, providing sensitive tool for early detection of disease even before structural changes become prominent and giving valuable functional and anatomical information to aid medical decision makings in the treatment and follow-up of patients. This review article focuses on the concept and advantages of renal scintigraphy in pediatric patients with various urologic diseases.
Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nuclear Medicine* ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Urologic Diseases ; Urology*

Renal scintigraphic methods, which are physiologic and minimally invasive, have played important role in the management of various renal diseases in children, providing sensitive tool for early detection of disease even before structural changes become prominent and giving valuable functional and anatomical information to aid medical decision makings in the treatment and follow-up of patients. This review article focuses on the concept and advantages of renal scintigraphy in pediatric patients with various urologic diseases.
Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nuclear Medicine* ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Urologic Diseases ; Urology*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: Most studies about multiple roles and women's health suggested that combining with paid job, being married and having children was more likely to improve health status than in case of single or traditional roles. We investigated whether there was better health outcome in multiple roles among Korean women coinciding with previous studies of other nations. METHODS: Data were from the 2005 Korea National Health & Nutritional Examination Survey, a subsample of women aged 25-59 years (N=2,943). Health status was assessed for self-rated poor health, perceived stress and depression, respectively based on one questionnaire item. The age-standardized prevalence of all health outcomes were calculated by role categories and socioeconomic status. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of self rated health, perceived stress, and depression with multiple roles adjusted for age, education, household income, number of children and age of children. RESULTS: Having multiple roles with working role was not associated with better health and psychological wellbeing. Compared to those with traditional roles, employed women more frequently experienced perceived stress, with marital and/or parental roles. Non-working single mothers suffered depression more often than women with traditional roles or other role occupancy. Socioeconomic status indicators were potent independent correlates of self-rated health and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: Employment of women with other roles did not confer additional health benefit to traditional family responsibility. Juggling of work and family responsibility appeared more stressful than traditional unemployed parental and marital role in Korean women.
Adult ; Depression ; Female ; *Gender Identity ; *Health Status ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Women's Health/*ethnology

Ketotifen, a benzocycloheptathiophene, has an orally effective antiallergic as well as antihistaminic properties. In pervious studies, Ketotifen has shown encouraging results on patient with allergic rhinitis, either perennial or seasonal. 39 patients with allergic rhinitis had been treated with Ketotifen 1 mg twice daily for 8 weeks. And we obtained following results. 1) The efficacy rate in sneezing attack was 73.5%, in nasal discharge 71%, in nasal obstruction 58%. 2) Some improvements in at least one of three-major symptoms were noted within 1 week in 30.7%, within 2 weeks in 55.8%, within 3 weeks in 66.7%, within 8 weeks in 87.2%. 3) Physical findings such as colour, swelling of turbinate, character of rhinorrhea were not improved significantly. 4) Side effect was observed only in one patient with abdominal pain and diarrhea, which was subsided after interruption of administration. These results suggested that Ketotifen was effective in treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Abdominal Pain ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Ketotifen* ; Nasal Obstruction ; Rhinitis, Allergic* ; Seasons ; Sneezing ; Turbinates