OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and correlates of children who had Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Seoul. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2,429 children included in four elementary schools at Seoul. Parents and teachers completed the Korean ADHD Rating Scales (K-ARS) and the Korean version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Kr). Child psychiatrists interviewed the children who demonstrated clinically significant scores on K-ARS and SDQ-Kr. Further assessments were conducted with other psychological tests if needed. RESULTS: 1) Of 2,429 children, 158 (6.5%) children had ADHD. 2) Compared to controls, ADHD children showed more frequently male preponderance, more single parent family, lower parental education level, more paternal no employment, poorer sibling relationship, fewer number of friends, and lower ability in language and mathematics. 3) In multivariate analysis, ADHD were associated with boys, single parent family, poor sibling relationship, and low language ability. Our stratified analysis by gender, there were association with single parent family and lower language ability in boys, and poor sibling relationship and lower mathematics ability in girls. CONCLUSION: This study found 6.5% prevalence of ADHD and ADHD were associated with gender, family environment, and academic achievements. Understanding of high-risk children would help in developing an ADHD school mental health program.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Employment ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Mathematics ; Mental Health Services* ; Mental Health* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parents ; Prevalence* ; Psychiatry ; Psychological Tests ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul* ; Siblings ; Single-Parent Family ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: Middle-aged women experience a lot of events of physical changes and various mental conflicts. The purpose of this study is to determine variables related to happiness, and to make and verify the model for happiness of middle-aged women. METHODS: We constructed conceptual model for happiness of middle-aged women in Korea, based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This model consisted of three exogenous variables (health status, financial distress, and social support) and three endogenous variables (self-esteem, positive thinking, and happiness). For middle-aged women in Korea, we returned 442 questionnaires of 460 participants. RESULTS: Model fit of the modified model was satisfied; χ²=102.108, GFI=0.959, CMIN/DF=2.917, RMSEA=0.068, AGFI=0.922, CFI=0.977, SRMR=0.0368. Happiness was explained by 82% through health status, financial distress, social support, self-esteem, and positive thinking. As Maslow's hierarchy of needs, happiness of middle-aged women is related to basic needs (health status, financial distress, and social support), psychological needs (self-esteem and positive thinking) and self-fulfillment needs (happiness). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that it is required intervention for meeting basic factor such as health status, financial distress and social support in order to increase happiness of middle-aged women.
Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Korea ; Thinking

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of leadership, critical thinking disposition, and professional self-conception of nurse on happiness in nursing students. METHODS: Data ware collected from 160 nursing students from March to May 2015, using self reported questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression were used to analyze the collected data. RESULTS: Happiness in nursing students was correlated with leadership (r=.68, p < .001), critical thinking disposition (r=.36, p < .001) and professional self-conception of nurse (r=.57, p < .001). Factors significantly influencing happiness in nursing students were leadership (β=.48, p < .001), professional self-conception of nurse (β=.17, p=.032) and life satisfaction (β=.18, p=.003), with a total explanatory power of 53.0%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that leadership, critical thinking disposition, and professional self-conception of nurse should be promoted to increase happiness of nursing students.
Happiness ; Humans ; Leadership ; Nursing ; Self Report ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking

PURPOSE: This aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of interpersonal relations on the association between emotional intelligence and happiness of nursing students. METHODS: Both junior and senior nursing students were selected for this study (N=187). The survey was conducted using self-reported questionnaire between March and May, 2018. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis with Sobel test. RESULTS: The happiness of nursing students had positive correlation with emotional intelligence (r=.70, p<.01) and interpersonal relations (r=.60, p<.01). Emotional intelligence had positive correlation with interpersonal relations (r=.63, p<.01). Interpersonal relations had a partially mediating effect on the relationship between emotional intelligence and happiness of nursing students. CONCLUSION: According to this study, interpersonal relations played an important role to buffer the impact of emotional intelligence on happiness among nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a psychological program to improve interpersonal relations to enhance the happiness of nursing students.
Emotional Intelligence ; Happiness ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Linear Models ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated esophageal disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation. The diagnostic criteria for EoE have changed with our growing knowledge over the past two decades. Esophageal eosinophilia, which responds histologically to a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is not a distinct disease but a subset of EoE. An endoscopic scoring system that relies on the assessment of exudates, rings, edema, furrows, and strictures is a useful tool for assessing endoscopic severity. PPIs are regarded as safe and effective first-line treatments for EoE. Oral topical corticosteroids or dietary therapy are also options for first-line treatment. Endoscopic dilation is effective for relieving the dysphagia symptoms of a patient with an esophageal stricture.

No abstract available.
Anemia ; Gaucher Disease* ; Humans ; Siblings* ; Thrombocytopenia

We present a case of infected abdominal aortic aneurysm due to salmonella enteritidis. F-18 FDG PET/CT was performed to diagnosis and during follow-up after antibiotic treatment. Computed tomography (CT) is considered to be the best diagnostic imaging modality in infected aortic lesions. In this case, a combination of CT and FDG PET/CT provided accurate information for the diagnosis of infected abdominal aortic aneurysm. Moreover, FDG PET/CT made an important contribution to monitoring disease activity during antibiotic treatment.
Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Follow-Up Studies ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography* ; Salmonella enteritidis ; Salmonella*

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of auricular acupressure on depression among nurses. Methods: This study used a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Shift-work nurses with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score over 5 points were randomized to the experimental group(n=20) or the control group(n=20). For the experimental group, auricular acupressure was conducted at the corresponding points of depression (TGI, AH1) weekly for seven days as well as for two weeks. The PHQ-9 was completed before intervention, as well as two weeks after intervention. Results: The mean difference in the PHQ-9 score before and after auricular acupressure in the experimental group (-4.11±2.27), was more significant than in the control group (-1.72±3.82) (t=2.28, p=.03). Conclusion Result showed that nurses who received auricular acupressure had a decrease in depression, compared to those who did not receive auricular acupressure. Further research is required, to apply the other auricular acupressure points, to evaluate the impact on depressive symptoms.