OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and correlates of children who had Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Seoul. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2,429 children included in four elementary schools at Seoul. Parents and teachers completed the Korean ADHD Rating Scales (K-ARS) and the Korean version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Kr). Child psychiatrists interviewed the children who demonstrated clinically significant scores on K-ARS and SDQ-Kr. Further assessments were conducted with other psychological tests if needed. RESULTS: 1) Of 2,429 children, 158 (6.5%) children had ADHD. 2) Compared to controls, ADHD children showed more frequently male preponderance, more single parent family, lower parental education level, more paternal no employment, poorer sibling relationship, fewer number of friends, and lower ability in language and mathematics. 3) In multivariate analysis, ADHD were associated with boys, single parent family, poor sibling relationship, and low language ability. Our stratified analysis by gender, there were association with single parent family and lower language ability in boys, and poor sibling relationship and lower mathematics ability in girls. CONCLUSION: This study found 6.5% prevalence of ADHD and ADHD were associated with gender, family environment, and academic achievements. Understanding of high-risk children would help in developing an ADHD school mental health program.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Employment ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Mathematics ; Mental Health Services* ; Mental Health* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parents ; Prevalence* ; Psychiatry ; Psychological Tests ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul* ; Siblings ; Single-Parent Family ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of leadership, critical thinking disposition, and professional self-conception of nurse on happiness in nursing students. METHODS: Data ware collected from 160 nursing students from March to May 2015, using self reported questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression were used to analyze the collected data. RESULTS: Happiness in nursing students was correlated with leadership (r=.68, p < .001), critical thinking disposition (r=.36, p < .001) and professional self-conception of nurse (r=.57, p < .001). Factors significantly influencing happiness in nursing students were leadership (β=.48, p < .001), professional self-conception of nurse (β=.17, p=.032) and life satisfaction (β=.18, p=.003), with a total explanatory power of 53.0%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that leadership, critical thinking disposition, and professional self-conception of nurse should be promoted to increase happiness of nursing students.
Happiness ; Humans ; Leadership ; Nursing ; Self Report ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking

PURPOSE: This aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of interpersonal relations on the association between emotional intelligence and happiness of nursing students. METHODS: Both junior and senior nursing students were selected for this study (N=187). The survey was conducted using self-reported questionnaire between March and May, 2018. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis with Sobel test. RESULTS: The happiness of nursing students had positive correlation with emotional intelligence (r=.70, p<.01) and interpersonal relations (r=.60, p<.01). Emotional intelligence had positive correlation with interpersonal relations (r=.63, p<.01). Interpersonal relations had a partially mediating effect on the relationship between emotional intelligence and happiness of nursing students. CONCLUSION: According to this study, interpersonal relations played an important role to buffer the impact of emotional intelligence on happiness among nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a psychological program to improve interpersonal relations to enhance the happiness of nursing students.
Emotional Intelligence ; Happiness ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Linear Models ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVE: Middle-aged women experience a lot of events of physical changes and various mental conflicts. The purpose of this study is to determine variables related to happiness, and to make and verify the model for happiness of middle-aged women. METHODS: We constructed conceptual model for happiness of middle-aged women in Korea, based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This model consisted of three exogenous variables (health status, financial distress, and social support) and three endogenous variables (self-esteem, positive thinking, and happiness). For middle-aged women in Korea, we returned 442 questionnaires of 460 participants. RESULTS: Model fit of the modified model was satisfied; χ²=102.108, GFI=0.959, CMIN/DF=2.917, RMSEA=0.068, AGFI=0.922, CFI=0.977, SRMR=0.0368. Happiness was explained by 82% through health status, financial distress, social support, self-esteem, and positive thinking. As Maslow's hierarchy of needs, happiness of middle-aged women is related to basic needs (health status, financial distress, and social support), psychological needs (self-esteem and positive thinking) and self-fulfillment needs (happiness). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that it is required intervention for meeting basic factor such as health status, financial distress and social support in order to increase happiness of middle-aged women.
Female ; Happiness ; Humans ; Korea ; Thinking

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated esophageal disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation. The diagnostic criteria for EoE have changed with our growing knowledge over the past two decades. Esophageal eosinophilia, which responds histologically to a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is not a distinct disease but a subset of EoE. An endoscopic scoring system that relies on the assessment of exudates, rings, edema, furrows, and strictures is a useful tool for assessing endoscopic severity. PPIs are regarded as safe and effective first-line treatments for EoE. Oral topical corticosteroids or dietary therapy are also options for first-line treatment. Endoscopic dilation is effective for relieving the dysphagia symptoms of a patient with an esophageal stricture.

No abstract available.
Anemia ; Gaucher Disease* ; Humans ; Siblings* ; Thrombocytopenia

We present a case of infected abdominal aortic aneurysm due to salmonella enteritidis. F-18 FDG PET/CT was performed to diagnosis and during follow-up after antibiotic treatment. Computed tomography (CT) is considered to be the best diagnostic imaging modality in infected aortic lesions. In this case, a combination of CT and FDG PET/CT provided accurate information for the diagnosis of infected abdominal aortic aneurysm. Moreover, FDG PET/CT made an important contribution to monitoring disease activity during antibiotic treatment.
Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Follow-Up Studies ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography* ; Salmonella enteritidis ; Salmonella*

Vascular diseases are significant complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the endothelial cells may play a pivotal role in the development of vascular disease in DM. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) released from endothelium is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide and circulating level of ET-1 is increased in a variety of disease states. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of responsiveness to ET-1 in DM, and we experimented on the changes in the ET-1-induced contraction, levels of nitrite and lipid peroxidation, and ET-1 immunoreactivity in aorta from streptozotocin-induced DM rats. DM was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.). The immunoreactive ET-1 levels in endothelial layer of thoracic aorta were much higher in DM rats than control rats. Nitrite in tissue homogenate was decreased and plasma nitrite was increased in DM rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in DM rats and cGMP was not significantly different between control and DM rats. ET-1 produced concentration-dependent contractile responses that are significantly attenuated in DM rats compared to controls. In the presence of selective ETA receptor antagonist BQ610, the maximum contraction was decreased and the concentration ratios for BQ610 yielded pA2 values of 7.3 (slope, 0.65) in control rats, whereas BQ610 had no antagonistic effect on ET-1-induced contraction in DM rats. However, pretreatment with BQ788, an ETB receptor antagonist, maximum response was decreased and the dose-response curves for ET-1 were shifted to the right in both groups and pA2 values were 7.9 and 7.7 (slope, 1.05 in control and DM rats), respectively. IRL 1620 and sarafotoxin S6c, ETB agonists, induced relaxation in control rats but not in DM rats. These results indicate that endothelial cell dysfunction and enhanced immunoreactivity of ET-1 have been found in DM rat and ET-1-induced contraction was attenuated in DM rat. These attenuated responses might be at least in part caused by the alteration of ETA receptor properties (e.g. desensitization), and partly related with an alteration in intracellular mechanism for contraction to ET-1.
Animals ; Aorta* ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Diabetes Complications ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelin-1 ; Endothelium ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Streptozocin ; Vascular Diseases