Objective To analyze the status quo and hot spots in studies on family caregivers by bibliometric analy-sis. Methods PubMed-covered papers on family caregivers from 2011-01-01 to 2016-07-01 were retrieved and analyzed by BICOMS and gCLUTO to generate subject heading clustering curve, subject heading clustering matrix and subject heading tree. Results Six hot spots were detected in studies on family caregivers from 4945 papers from which 82 subject headings were extracted with a frequency≥36 , including social and psychological intervention of family caregivers for ischemic stroke patients, intervention of family caregivers for mental disease patients, mental health of family caregivers, mental health intervention of family caregivers for PD patients, mental health of family caregivers for AIDS patients, and mental health of family caregivers for tumor patients. Conclusion Importance is attached to the studies on family caregivers by foreign and domestic scholars with their studies focused on the inves-tigation and intervention of mental health in family caregivers.

Aim To observe the effect of dopamine (DA) and its antagonist on the electrical activities of pain excitation neurons (PEN) in the caudate nucleus (Cd) of morphine dependent rats. Methods The right sciatic nerve was stimulated by train of electrical impulses as noxious stimuli to morphine dependent rats.The electrical discharges of PEN in Cd were recorded with glass microelectrode to observe influences of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of DA and droperidol on the electrical activities of PEN. Results DA could decrease excitabilities of PEN in Cd of morphine dependent rats. Conclusion Results suggest that the depression of DA on PEN response in Cd of morphine dependent rats might be blocked by droperidol.

Objective To provide a strategy for open heart surgical procedures of reducing allogeneic transfusion in the perioperative periods.Methods A comprehensive blood conservation program and new transfusion criteria[haemoglobin(Hb)were0.05).The Hct was down after operation in both groups.In the test group the Hct decreased in to 30% at day7 postoperation and regained gradually after 14 days of operation.Conclusion The dininishing allogeneic transfusion can be achieved by application of comprehensive blood conservation techniques and new transfusion criterion during the perioperative periods of open heart surgical procedures.The operative curative effect is not influence thereby.

Objective To collect and summarize long-term complications of glucocorticoid (GC) in treatment of Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA).Methods A total of 17 DBA patients,treated with GC more than 1 year from December 2009 to November 2012 in Being Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,were retrospectively investigated.The data of general information,drug treatment,treatment response,height and body mass in different therapy periods,and therapy related adverse reaction were collected.The data entry and the statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 16.0 software.Results Seventeen cases which fulfilled the research criteria were enrolled.The 58.8 percent of cases (10/17) began GC therapy from the age younger than 6 months.The 76.4 percent of the cases (14/17) started prednisone therapy with the dosage ≥2 mg/(kg · d),and the median time of maintenance therapy with this dosage was 2 months (1-5 months).The median time of prednisone dosage greater than 0.5 mg/(kg · d) was 6 months (3-48 months).Patients were divided into 2 groups at the beginning of therapy according to whether their age was younger or older than 6 months.The median height of younger age group was-1.0 SD (-3.5-1.0 SD) of corresponded age-sex-standard height at the beginning of prednisone therapy,and was dropped to-3.5 SD (-3.5--2.0SD)afterhalfyeartreatment.For older age group,it was0.0 SD(-1.5-2.0 SD)and-0.5 SD (-1.5-0.5 SD) respectively.During the therapy,there were 1 fracture,2 measles pneumonia,3 pneumonia,3 hirsuitisms,5 thrushes,and 12 central obesity cases.Conclusions GC related adverse reaction might appear when applying prednisone for the treatment of DBA in long term.It was suggested that GC therapy should start after 6 months old if possible,and the duration of 0.5 mg/(kg · d) GC treatment should be reduced as short as possible.

Objective To investigate the change of the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAST), and the ratio of m-AST and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in rat orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods We used the rat autologous orthotopic liver transplantation modelin which liver was infused by portal vein. Group A: Autologous orthotopic liver transplantation. Group B: Sham control group of normal rats. To measure the m-AST, AST and ALT in rat serum at each time, the ratio of m-AST/AST was calculated to observe the changes after surgery. Results The ALT of group A after 1 h was 1149.2 U/L, while the ALT of group B was 111.3 U/L; The AST of group A ofter 1 h was 819.5 U/L, while the AST of group B was 128.2 U/L; The m-AST of group After 1 h was 290.8 U/L, while the m-AST of group B was 40.5 U/L. The levels of m-AST, AST and ALT in group A were significantly higher than group B (P ＜ 0. 05).Group A significantly increased the degree of liver damage compared with group B. The ratio of m-AST/AST in group A changed with time obviously. Because the haff-life of m-AST in serum was shorter than that of AST, and AST in this study returned to normal slowly, the ratio of m- AST/AST in A group decreased after 6 h and the number is 0. 12. It indicating that the damage of mitochondria in rat liver cells has been restored after 6h. Conclusions It will be better to judge the prognosis of liver transplantation from the changes of serum m-AST in rats. And it seems earlier to reflect the injury or recovery of liver cell compared with AST.It also has the guiding values to diagnose and treat the damage of liver cells and mitochondrial in the rat liver transplantation.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly in community with exploratory latent class analysis method and provide a basis for making targeted intervention measures according to different characteristics.Methods This study enrolled 203 empty-nest elderly people as the study respondents.The general information,resilience of empty-nest elderly were investigated using the general information questionnaire,Connor-Davidson resilience scale in Chinese version.Latent class analyze (Mplus 7.0) was used to discuss the characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly.Results The results showed that the resilience of empty-nest elderly had obvious group characteristics and the statistical indicators(AIC,BIC,Entropy and so on) can support the three categories of potential model(P=0.006).Based on the conditional probability on the various items of the questionnaire in each category,they were respectively named high resilience group (54 cases (26.6％)) and low pressure resilience group (82 cases (40.4％)) and low resilience group(67 cases (33.0％)).Further study showed that high resilience and low resilience group had a significant effect of age (P＜0.05),low pressure resilience and low resilience group had a significant effect of gender(P＜0.05).Conclusion The resilience of empty-nest elderly in communities can be divided into three categories according to its characteristics.Each category has different proportion of gender and age.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a type of chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by diabetes. The clinical diagnosis of DKD is usually based on the presence of increased albuminuria and/or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and exclusion of other causes of CKD. The clinical features of DKD are proteinuria, gradual decline in renal function, and severe renal failure in the later stages, which is one of the main causes of death in patients with diabetes. Any single biomarker might be insufficient to evaluate renal injury; thus, multiple methods and markers are needed. In addition, diabetic patients should be paid more attention to the kidney, and kidney damage should be evaluated with standardized assessment aimed at strengthening the early prediction and diagnosis of DKD.

Objective To observe the effect of traditional Chinese drug combined with training of musculus quadriceps fexoris on knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods70 out-patient clinic KOA patients were divided randomly into the Chinese drug group and control group with 35 cases in each group.The Chinese drug group was treated with Shentongzhuyu medicinal broth PO bid;the control group was treated with Sulindac 0.2 g PO bid.Two groups were combined with the training of musculus quadriceps fexoris,having 10 times per course and 3 courses in total with a 3 days interval between two courses.The therapeutic effect was evaluated with footplate pressure gait analysis and modified JOA marks.ResultsAfter treatment,the effect of the Chinese drug group was superior to the control group(P<0.05),especially 12 weeks post treatment.There maximum weight loading,time integral and weight loading intergral of affected limb of the Chinese drug group significantly improved after treatment(P<0.01),but for the control group,only weight loading intergral improved(P<0.05).ConclusionTraditional Chinese drug combined with training of musculus quadriceps fexoris has better curative effect on the pain and functional disturbance of KOA.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the scallop skirt glycosaminoglycan (SS-GAG) in vitro on the endothelial cell damaged by oxygen free radical and the mechanism of its anti-atherosclerotic effects. Methods The endothelial cells of human umbilical vein (HUVEC)were cultured in vitro, and the damage model of endothelial cells was established by oxygen free radicals . After the damage of HUVEC by Fenton reaction, the effects of SS-GAG on the proliferative activity of HUVEC were observed by the methods of MTT chroma-tometry ,the influence of SS-GAG on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was studied by chromatometry and the effects of SS-GAG on secretion of endothelins and angiotensin Ⅱ were observed by the methods of radio-immunity. Results Compared with the control group, proliferation activity of damage group cell lowered obviously ,LDH release in culture media,and the excretion of endothelins and angiotensin Ⅱ in HUVEC rised obviously. In the groups pre-treated with SS-GAG, cell proliferation activity, the LDH release and the excretions of ET and Ang Ⅱ showed obvious differences compared with model group. Conclusion SS-GAG reduce the damage of endothelial cell caused by oxygen free radicals, restrain the secretion ofendothelins and angiotensin Ⅱ . These results indicate that SS-GAG has protective effects on the endothelial cells damaged by oxygen free redicals and the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of SS-GAG was related to its protective effects on the endothelial cells.

Object To study the regular change of total flavonoids in Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (TFE) in different parts of the plant, different individual plant and population from different habitat. Methods Samples of E. breviscapus from eight districts around Qiubei, Kunming and at altitude on Cangshan mountain, Dali were collected and their flavonoids determined.Results TFE showed different values in samples from different origin, with the tendency to show an increase with increase of altitude. The aerial parts including stem, leaf, and flower were higher than that of the underground root.E. breviscapus grown in the same ecological conditions also showed different TFE values from individual to individual.Conclusion Variation in TFE was influenced by the combined effects of genotype and ecological conditions.