Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the distribution of the usual dietary intake of foods with respect to the probability of consumption derived from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) of the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: The intake quantity and frequency of 63 food items were assessed from the 2009 KNHANES which was completed by 7,708 participants. The participants completed one or two 24-h dietary recalls and one FFQ. The usual intake distribution was estimated using the multiple source method (MSM), and the proportion of nonconsumers was calculated through the usual intake distribution. This was then compared with the proportion of non-consumers from the 24-hour recall method. Results: The difference in the proportion of non-consumers ranged from 2% to 82.9%, indicating that there is a very large difference based on food groups. The food groups in which the proportion of non-consumers did not differ was composed of foods consumed daily, such as ‘rice’, ‘cereal and barley’, and ‘Chinese cabbage and kimchi’, or foods with distinct palatability such as ‘coffee’ and ‘alcohol’. On the other hand, in the case of the food groups with a high difference in the proportion of non-consumers, most comprised fruits that emphasized seasonality. Conclusions In the case of foods or food groups that are occasionally consumed, it is desirable to use 2 recalls with additional FFQ data by combining the consumption frequency and the quantity consumed.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the distribution of the usual dietary intake of foods with respect to the probability of consumption derived from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) of the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: The intake quantity and frequency of 63 food items were assessed from the 2009 KNHANES which was completed by 7,708 participants. The participants completed one or two 24-h dietary recalls and one FFQ. The usual intake distribution was estimated using the multiple source method (MSM), and the proportion of nonconsumers was calculated through the usual intake distribution. This was then compared with the proportion of non-consumers from the 24-hour recall method. Results: The difference in the proportion of non-consumers ranged from 2% to 82.9%, indicating that there is a very large difference based on food groups. The food groups in which the proportion of non-consumers did not differ was composed of foods consumed daily, such as ‘rice’, ‘cereal and barley’, and ‘Chinese cabbage and kimchi’, or foods with distinct palatability such as ‘coffee’ and ‘alcohol’. On the other hand, in the case of the food groups with a high difference in the proportion of non-consumers, most comprised fruits that emphasized seasonality. Conclusions In the case of foods or food groups that are occasionally consumed, it is desirable to use 2 recalls with additional FFQ data by combining the consumption frequency and the quantity consumed.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged extracorporeal circulation entails tremendous threats of red cell lysis, severe bleeding problems due to platelet injury and activation, and endothelial damages by sequestered leukocytes. In consideration of these problems, a new centrifugal pump was developed and tested clinically to evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: We compared the effects of a centrifugal pump with those of a roller pump on hematological responses during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in 20 coronary artery bypass surgery patients. The patients were divided into two groups of 10 each. The studied parameters included WBC counts, platelet counts, plasma Hb and D-dimer. Blood samples were taken after sternotomy, at 60 min, 120 min and 180 min after CPB start, and at 2 hr after CPB stop. RESULTS: No differences between the groups were found in bypass time, aortic cross clamp time, extracorporeal circulation flow and hematocrit. The centrifugal pump group demonstrated less platelet depletion (p<0.05), hemolysis (plasma Hb, p<0.05) and fibrinolysis (D-dimer, p<0.05). These differences were CPB time dependent and became statistically significant after 120 min bypass. CONCLUSION: We conclude that roller pump still can be safely used for standard cardiac procedures with bypass time less than 120 minutes and the centrifugal pump has significant potential to be safely applied to CPB for long ypass time in order to avoid postperfusion syndrome.
Blood Platelets ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; Fibrinolysis ; Hematocrit ; Hemolysis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Plasma ; Platelet Count ; Sternotomy

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture strength and traslucency of 3D printing resin crowns according to different thicknesses. Methods: Resin crowns were designed with CAD software and a 3D scanner, using scanned data of the #61 tooth model. Resin Crowns with different thicknesses were printed using a 3D printer, and subsequently divided into four groups according to thickness (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm). Fracture strength was compared among groups with a resin strip crown of 1.0 mm thickness. Compressive force was applied using a universal testing machine at 30° along the lingual surface at 1 mm/min cross head speed. For translucency evaluation, thin square specimens were printed of thicknesses 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm, and translucency was measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: As a result of fracture strength measurement, fracture strength increased as thickness increased, and a significant difference was observed solely between thicknesses of 0.3 and 0.5 mm, and the thicknesses of 0.3 and 0.5 mm (P<0.05). Translucency decreased as thickness increased, and similarly, a significant difference was observed only between thicknesses of 0.3 and 0.5 mm and the thicknesses of 0.7 and 1.0 mm (P<0.05). Conclusions A 3D printing resin crown can be used as a clinical option for restoring a primary anterior tooth affected by caries.

PURPOSE: This study was done to analyze how a death preparation education program have the effects on awareness of hospice palliative care and withdrawing life sustaining treatment in older adults. METHODS: This study employed a non-equivalent control group design among quasi-experimental designs. The experimental group was comprised with 35 adults and the control group with 40 adults. The death preparation program consisted of five two-hour sessions and was administered once a week for five straight weeks. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi2 test, Fisher's exact test, and ANCOVA using SPSS version 18.0. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 66.2 years. A significant difference between the experimental and control groups was observed in withdrawing life sustaining treatment (F=3.380, P=0.040). However, no significant difference was found in awareness of hospice palliative care (F=0.163, P=0.850). CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that death preparation training could positively affect people's awareness of withdrawing life sustaining treatment. More studies should be conducted to explore effects of death preparation education for all ages and help people better understand hospice palliative care.
Adult ; Education* ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Life Support Care ; Palliative Care*

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute oral toxicity of fermented Scutellariae Radix (JKTMHGu-100) in rats and dogs. JKTM-HGu-100 was orally administered at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats. An escalating single-dose oral toxicity test in beagle dogs was performed at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg with 4-day intervals. Clinical signs, changes in body weight, mortality, and necropsy findings were examined for 2 weeks following oral administration. No toxicological changes related to the test substance nor mortality was observed after administration of a single oral dose of JKTM-HGu-100 in rats or dogs. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (LD) for oral administration of JKTMHGu-100 in rats was considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg, and the maximum tolerance doses (MTDs) in rats and dogs were also estimated to be over 2,000 mg/kg. These results indicate that JKTM-HGu-100 shows no toxicity in rodents or non-rodents at doses of 2,000 mg/kg or less.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Dogs ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rodentia ; Scutellaria ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; Toxicity Tests

A 61-year-old man presented with a right renal mass with a vena caval thrombus on computed tomography that was consistent with renal cell carcinoma. The results of routine laboratory examinations and urinalysis were within normal limits. Preoperative planning was critical owing to the presence of the vena caval thrombus. A radical nephrectomy, vena caval thrombectomy, and regional lymphadenectomy were done. The pathologic report was consistent with a high-grade, invasive urothelial carcinoma, with sarcomatoid differentiation involving the renal vein and inferior vena cava (Stage IV, T4N0M0). Thus, this was a rare case of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy with the methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatinum regimen is scheduled. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Korea of upper tract urothelial carcinoma of the sarcomatoid type with a vena caval thrombus.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis/*pathology ; Lymph Node Excision/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy/methods ; Renal Veins/*radiography ; Thrombectomy/methods ; Thrombosis/*radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vena Cava, Inferior/*radiography

A 61-year-old man presented with a right renal mass with a vena caval thrombus on computed tomography that was consistent with renal cell carcinoma. The results of routine laboratory examinations and urinalysis were within normal limits. Preoperative planning was critical owing to the presence of the vena caval thrombus. A radical nephrectomy, vena caval thrombectomy, and regional lymphadenectomy were done. The pathologic report was consistent with a high-grade, invasive urothelial carcinoma, with sarcomatoid differentiation involving the renal vein and inferior vena cava (Stage IV, T4N0M0). Thus, this was a rare case of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy with the methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatinum regimen is scheduled. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Korea of upper tract urothelial carcinoma of the sarcomatoid type with a vena caval thrombus.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis/*pathology ; Lymph Node Excision/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy/methods ; Renal Veins/*radiography ; Thrombectomy/methods ; Thrombosis/*radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vena Cava, Inferior/*radiography

Bezoars are persistent concretions of indigestible material that are usually found in the stomach. With the significant development of endoscopic techniques, many authors have reported the removal of bezoars using methods such as endoscopic forceps, snares, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, laser. However, there are no reports of using argon plasma to remove a bezoar in Korea. Argon plasma coagulation is a non-contact electrosurgical technique, which is an inexpensive, easily learned, and effective method in gastrointestinal endoscopy. In addition, this method is associated with a decreased risk of perforation and tissue damage by maintaining a controllable depth of coagulation. We report a 71-year-old man with a 11x11x8 cm sized huge gastric phytobezoar found by endoscopy. The bezoar was broken into pieces using the argon plasma coagulator. Endoscopic forceps and a basket were then used to crush and extract its fragments. The bezoar was removed safely without any complications. We report this case with a review of the relevant literature.
Aged ; Argon Plasma Coagulation ; Argon* ; Bezoars ; Endoscopes* ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Korea ; Lithotripsy, Laser ; Plasma* ; SNARE Proteins ; Stomach ; Surgical Instruments

PURPOSE: To assess the value of computed tomography (CT) in the preoperative staging of transitional cellcarcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the CT TNM staging of 38patients with TCC of the renal pelvis who had undergone preoperative abdominal CT examination between January 1990and January 1998. In CT staging for differentiation between early-stage (TO-2) and advanced-stage disease (T3-T4),three criteria were used, namely the presence or obliteration of the renal sinus fat layer, the smoothness orirregularity of margin between the tumor and renal parenchyma, and the presence or absence of hydronephrosisproximal to the tumor. CT staging was performed by two genitourinary radiologists blinded to the pathologicresults, and was compared with pathologic staging. RESULTS: Pathologic results revealed 19 cases of early stagedisease (TO=8, T1=9, T2=2) and 19 of advanced stage (T3=12, T4=7). Overall CT staging accuracy was 82%(31/38);fourcases were overstaged and three were understaged. In early-stage disease, sensitivity and specificity were 79%,and 84%, and in advanced stage disease were 83% and 80%. Three of four overstaged cases showed hydronephrosisproximal to the tumor. In the second CT staging, using proximal hydronephrosis of the tumor as a criterion forearly-stage disease, the sensitivity and specificity of early-stage disease were 95% and 75%, respectively, andthe specificity of advanced-stage disease was 95%. CONCLUSION: When hydronephrosis proximal to a tumor wasconsidered to be a sign of early stage disease, the CT staging of renal pelvic TCC was highly accurate.
Hydronephrosis ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed