OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of nutrition education and exercise therapies on the hematological status and diabetes knowledge of diabetic patients. For this purpose, a 12-week intensive management program was provided to diabetic patients participating in an exercise program in S health subcenter in Kwangju city and the effects were analyzed. METHODS: The subjects were 26 diabetic patients, who provided written informed consent. As a preliminary survey, this study examined the general characteristics, physical status, obesity, blood pressure, hematological status, daily activity level, diabetes knowledge, diet performance, and barriers to diet therapy. After the 12-week intensive management program was completed, a post-test was conducted in the same way as the preliminary test. The data were analyzed with using SPSS 18.0. The data from this study are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. A paired t-test was conducted to compare differences in the means before and after the program. Statistical significance was set to p < 0.05. RESULTS: The results of the program are presented as follows. The HDL-cholesterol levels changed from 39.8 ± 10.5 mg/dL to 48.3 ± 13.1 mg/dL, showing a significant increase (p < 0.001). The blood sugar 2 hours after a meal changed from 175.2 ± 67.1 mg/dL to 140.5 ± 42.5 mg/dL, showing a significant decrease (p=0.014). The glycosylated hemoglobin levels decreased significantly from 6.7 ± 1.1% to 6.3 ± 1.0% (p=0.010). The total scores of the daily activity levels increased significantly from 3.8 ± 2.4 to 4.8 ± 2.5 (p=0.040). The scores of knowledge on diabetes increased from 11.5 ± 3.6 to 14.0 ± 3.8 (p=0.001). The scores of knowledge on diet therapy changed from 6.7 ± 2.2 to 7.9 ± 1.7, showing a significant increase (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: The 12-week intensive management program intervened by nutrition education and exercise therapies induced positive changes to the HDL-cholesterol, blood sugar 2 hours after a meal, glycosylated hemoglobin, daily activity levels, and knowledge on diabetes.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Diet ; Diet Therapy ; Education ; Exercise Therapy ; Gwangju ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Meals ; Obesity

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of nutrition education and exercise therapies on the hematological status and diabetes knowledge of diabetic patients. For this purpose, a 12-week intensive management program was provided to diabetic patients participating in an exercise program in S health subcenter in Kwangju city and the effects were analyzed. METHODS: The subjects were 26 diabetic patients, who provided written informed consent. As a preliminary survey, this study examined the general characteristics, physical status, obesity, blood pressure, hematological status, daily activity level, diabetes knowledge, diet performance, and barriers to diet therapy. After the 12-week intensive management program was completed, a post-test was conducted in the same way as the preliminary test. The data were analyzed with using SPSS 18.0. The data from this study are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. A paired t-test was conducted to compare differences in the means before and after the program. Statistical significance was set to p < 0.05. RESULTS: The results of the program are presented as follows. The HDL-cholesterol levels changed from 39.8 ± 10.5 mg/dL to 48.3 ± 13.1 mg/dL, showing a significant increase (p < 0.001). The blood sugar 2 hours after a meal changed from 175.2 ± 67.1 mg/dL to 140.5 ± 42.5 mg/dL, showing a significant decrease (p=0.014). The glycosylated hemoglobin levels decreased significantly from 6.7 ± 1.1% to 6.3 ± 1.0% (p=0.010). The total scores of the daily activity levels increased significantly from 3.8 ± 2.4 to 4.8 ± 2.5 (p=0.040). The scores of knowledge on diabetes increased from 11.5 ± 3.6 to 14.0 ± 3.8 (p=0.001). The scores of knowledge on diet therapy changed from 6.7 ± 2.2 to 7.9 ± 1.7, showing a significant increase (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: The 12-week intensive management program intervened by nutrition education and exercise therapies induced positive changes to the HDL-cholesterol, blood sugar 2 hours after a meal, glycosylated hemoglobin, daily activity levels, and knowledge on diabetes.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Diet ; Diet Therapy ; Education ; Exercise Therapy ; Gwangju ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Meals ; Obesity

Anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. on oral carcinoma (KB) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were investigated in this study. In order to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of Caesalpinia sappan L, we analyzed telomerase inhibitory effect of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. In addition we prepared 5 fraction samples according to its polarity differences and analyzed anticancer effects on oral carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells. Following results are obtained in this study. 1. 50% cell proliferation inhibitory value (IC50) of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were 9.0 microgram/ml and 10.9 microgram/ml, respectively. 2. The methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. showed inhibitory effect of telomerase which is required for cancer cell immortality. Therefore, it seems that the anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan is at least partially due to telomerase inhibitory effect. 3. Five fraction samples were prepared according to its polarity and 88.7% of ingredient of total methanol extract was transferred to ethylacetate fraction. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that dichloromethane fraction contained ingredient with relatively high polarity and ethylacetate fraction contained similar ingredient found in total methanol extract. 4. Anticancer effect was observed in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethylacetate fractions. The highest anticancer effect was found in dichloromethane fraction which had IC50 value of 4.4 and>4.0 microgram/ml against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, respectively.
Caesalpinia* ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Methanol ; Methylene Chloride ; Osteosarcoma* ; Telomerase

A cyst is cavity occuring in either hard or soft tissue with a liquid, semiliquid material, or air content. It is surrounded by a definite connective tissue wall or capsule and usually has an epithelial lining. The contained substance is a predominant feature in proportion to the size of the entire mass of tissue. It was classified as odontogenic cyst and non-odontogenic cyst in origin. The anatomic distribution, clinical features, final diagnosis, and treatment methods are discussed.
Connective Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Hospital Distribution Systems ; Odontogenic Cysts

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the prognostic differences in invasive cancer that progressed from a superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) compared to an already invasive TCC at the time of the initial presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-one patients who had a radical cystectomy performed for an invasive TCC were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups. In the first group, the patients were diagnosed as a superficial TCC at initially, which progressed to an invasive tumor. The second group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with invasive TCC at the time of the initial diagnosis. Two groups were compared with regard to the TNM stage, Ash grade, presence of accompanying carcinoma in-situ and survival rate. RESULTS: The group with invasive cancer at the time of the initial presentation had a significantly higher grade than the progressed group. The five-year survival rate was lower in the progressed group. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed it was statistically significant (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The grade was higher and the five-year survival rate was lower in the group with invasive cancer at the time of the initial presentation. Therefore, the invasive TCC at the initial diagnosis might take a more aggressive nature than the progressed group.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to analyze the current problems in completing death certificates and to identify the correct method for completing death certificates. METHODS: We reviewed 262 death certificates in three hospitals from March 1 to April 30, 2000, and 119 death certificates in one hospital from March 1 to 31, 2000. We identified major and minor errors and analyzed and compared them retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 381 death certificates were reviewed: 59 in Seoul National University Hospital, 101 in Ewha Woman's University Hospital, and 102 in Gachon Medical College Hospital, which has no education program for completing death certificates in postgraduate training, and 119 in Samsung Medical Center which has an education program for completing death certificates. 358 certificates(94.0%) had at least one error. There were only 23 death certificates(6.0%) without an error. In 182 cases(47.8%), there was one major error. In 321 death certificates(84.3%), there were more than two errors. A comparison of Samsung Medical Center with the other hospitals showed that the number of total errors was statistically different(p=0.001). CONCLUSION: There were few death certificates without an error in this study. In a hospital which has postgraduate training in completing death certificates, there are fewer errors than in other hospitals which have no training course. Emergency physicians actually certify many deaths, so they must know the correct method of completing death certificates for statistics on morbidity and mortality.
Death Certificates* ; Education ; Emergencies ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul

Anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. on oral carcinoma (KB) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were investigated in this study. In order to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of Caesalpinia sappan L, we analyzed telomerase inhibitory effect of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. In addition, we prepared 5 fraction samples according to its polarity differences and analyzed anticancer effects on oral carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells. Following results are obtained in this study. 1. 50percent cell proliferation inhibitory value (IC(50)) of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were 9.0 microgram/ml and 10.9 microgram/ml, respectively. 2. The methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. showed inhibitory effect of telomerase which is required for cancer cell immortality. Therefore, it seems that the anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan is at least partially due to telomerase inhibitory effect. 3. Five fraction samples were prepared according to its polarity and 88.7percent of ingredient of total methanol extract was transferred to ethylacetate fraction. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that dichloromethane fraction contained ingredient with relatively high polarity and ethylacetate fraction contained similar ingredient found in total methanol extract. 4. Anticancer effect was observed in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethylacetate fractions. The highest anticancer effect was found in dichloromethane fraction which had IC(50) value of 4.4 microgram/ml and > 4.0 microgram/ml against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, respectively.
Caesalpinia* ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Methanol ; Methylene Chloride ; Osteosarcoma* ; Telomerase

Concurrent medical problem is common in dementia patients and critical to their care. Despite its importance, there was no bedside global rating scale for the seriousness of medical comorbidity. Lykestos et al. newly developed a reliable bedside scale, the General Medical Health Rating(GMHR). The objective of this study was to standardize the GMHR in form of Korean version(KGMHR). The study population consisted of 35 dementia patients in nursing home. Rating was performed by 1 physician and 2 nurses. Forty percent(14/35) of patients had one or more unstable medical illnesses. KGMHR ratings no more than 3 were 71.5%(25/35) of patients. The value of interrater reliability coefficient alpha was 0.9121. Correlations between KGMHR ratings and number of unstable medi-cal illnesses were high(r=-0.487, p<0.01). KGMHR ratings were also correlated with number of medications being taken for comorbid conditions(r=-0.542, p<0.01). In conclusion, KGMHR is a very reliable and simple rating scale for medical comorbidity in dementia patients. So the KGMHR could be a useful tool for evaluation of comorbidity in dementia patients. To verify the prognostic value of KGMHR, further large sized long-term study are needed.
Comorbidity ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Nursing Homes

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in acute ischemic stroke patients and the effect of OSA on prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Forty-nine acute ischemic stroke patients with portable polysomnography (PSG) examination from 2017 to 2018 were included. Demographic data, laboratory findings, and PSG variables were collected. The severity of initial neurologic deficit was assessed using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and functional outcome was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). An unfavorable prognosis three months after the onset of acute ischemic stroke was defined as an mRS ≥3. We assessed the association between with OSA severity and functional outcome using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 49 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 43 (87.8%) had OSA [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≥5/h]. Fourteen (28.6%) patients had mild OSA, 16 (32.7%) had moderate while 13 (26.5%) were having severe OSA. Univariate logistic regression showed that OSA related variables [AHI and oxygen desaturation index (ODI)] were associated with poor clinical outcome three months after stroke (mRS ≥3). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and initial NIHSS demonstrated that increase in AHI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.079; 95% confidence interval, 1.007–1.156, p=0.031) and ODI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.095; 95% confidence interval, 1.020–1.174, p=0.011) was associated with poor functional outcome three months after stroke. CONCLUSIONS OSA in patients with acute ischemic stroke is associated with poor functional outcomes.

A 54-year-old man presented with primary position upbeat nystagmus and wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. He also showed bilateral limb ataxia and impaired horizontal gaze. Upbeat nystagmus obeyed Alexander's law and attenuated by visual fixation and disappeared by convergence. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed acute infarction in the bilateral paramedian midbrain involving the crossing of brachium conjunctivum. Multiple mechanisms including the interruption of central vestibulo-ocular projections from anterior canal may be postulated in upbeat nystagmus of this patient.
Ataxia ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction ; Humans ; Infarction ; Jurisprudence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesencephalon ; Middle Aged ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Ophthalmoplegia