PURPOSE: Asphyxia is the most common cause of neurologic sequelae in perinatal period. We hoped to help other clinicians by investigating factors affecting neurologic outcome in asphyxiated term babas. METHODS: A clinical study of factors affecting neurologic outcome was made on 120 patients, who were asphyxiated term baby. They admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Chungnam National University Hospital from January, 1995 to December, 1996. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation in neurologic outcome and gestational age, delivery type, sex, birth weight, one minute Apgar score. Five minute Apgar score had influence on neurologic outcome. Presence of acidemia had influence on neurologic outcome. Mental status and seizure influenced on neurologic outcome. Poor neurologic outcome was prone to come in the presence of prolonged duration of abnormal mental function or a repetitive seizure not controlled immediately. There was poor neurologic outcome in the patients who have abnormal findings on EEG, CT, and neurosonography. In addition, there was poor neurologic outcome in congenital heart disease patients. All of above had statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Now, we can obtain much benefit by monitoring clinical course such as five minute Apgar score, mental change, and seizure. And, we can obtain much benefit by monitoring acidemia and perform EEG, CT and neurosonography.
Apgar Score ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Electroencephalography ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hope ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Seizures

Tumors of the central nervous system are the second most frequent neoplasm in children. In a review of 43 children with brain tumor under the age of 16 evaluated at a pediatric and neurosurgical department at Severance Hospital Yonsei University during a 61/2 year period, following results were obtained. 1. All 43 cases were diagnosed by pathological examination as well as brain CT scan. The sex ratio of male and female was equal. The age distribution was highest between 13-14 year of age and 7% of them were under 1 year of age. 2. There was a small preponderance of infratentorial tumors (51%) over supratentoral tumors (49%). 3. Among 43 verified brain tumors by pathological examination, glioma represented 75%, of which astrocytoma was the commonest neoplasm being 19 cases (45%) and remainder were medulloblastoma 10 cases (23%), choroid plexus droglioma 2 cases (5%), ependymoma 1case (2%). The rest were craniopharyngioma 6 cases (14%), choroid plexus papilloma 1 case (2%), neuroblastoma 2 cases (5%), pineal teratoma 1 case (2%), melanotic neuroectodermal turmor 1 case (2%). 4. The most common symptom was headache occuring 63% of the patients followed by vomiting, motor weakness, visual disturbance, gait distrubance, mental disturbance and seizure in order of trequency. Neurological signs showed positive Babinski sign, papilledema, cerebellar sign, 6th nerve palsy and facial weakness. 5. Plain skull X-ray changes were noted in 26 out of the 43 cases (61%). Those were suture separation of skull noted 35% of tumors followed in frequency by increased digital marking, sella changes and calcification. 6. In brain CT scan studies, the most common abnormal finding was solid mass shadow followed by cystic mass shadow, solid and cystic mass shadow. After contrast infusion, diffuse enhancement was the most common features. 7. 27 cases were treated by operation only, 15 by operation and radiotherapy, 1 by operation, radiation and chemotherapy. 8. Progonsis of brain tumor was very poor. 5 of 43 cases died within 1 month of diagnosis, 1 year survival rate was 19%, and 2 year survival rate was 16%. The survival rate was better in the group of patients in whom total or subtotal resection combined with radiotherapy was performed. 53% of cases were not able to follow-up or discharged anainst advice without proper treatment.
Abducens Nerve Diseases ; Age Distribution ; Astrocytoma ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Child* ; Choroid Plexus ; Craniopharyngioma ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Ependymoma ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gait ; Glioma ; Headache ; Humans ; Infratentorial Neoplasms ; Male ; Medulloblastoma ; Neural Plate ; Neuroblastoma ; Papilledema ; Papilloma, Choroid Plexus ; Radiotherapy ; Reflex, Babinski ; Seizures ; Sex Ratio ; Skull ; Survival Rate ; Sutures ; Teratoma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

No abstract available.
Meningioma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
DNA, Viral* ; Hep G2 Cells* ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Spices*

The management of skin and soft tissue defects on the buttock, perineum and lower abdomen has been improved through the development of myocutaneous flap. However, sacrifice of the deep muscles causes some problems such as intraoperative bleeding and functional disabilities of donor sites. And we can not also control the volume of the flap for the skin reliability of myocutaneous flaps. To overcome these disadvantages, we tried perforator-based myocutaneous island flaps for the reconstruction of the sacral, ischial sores or deep wounds of the perineum and lower abdomen. During the dissection of the flap, we could control the volume and shape of the flap exactly depending on the perforators. Clinically, total of 14 cases were treated with 10 parasacral perforator-based myocutaneous island flaps and 4 perforator-based extended myocutaneous island flaps. Parasacral flap is based on the parasacral perforators along the lateral sacral border and, the degree of containing muscles can be easily decided according to the depth of wound. In the cases of the extended myocutaneous flaps, we could design the perforator-based skin flap on the tip of myocutaneous island flap and appropriate volume of skin falp was obtained with the wide arc of rotation. Finally, the donor defect could be closed primarily and there was no significant sequela. There perforator-based myocutaneous island flaps require no significant sacrifice of the muscles and can be easily dissected and applied with the appropriate volumes for the reconstruction of the defect on the buttocks, perineum and lower abdomen.
Abdomen ; Buttocks ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Muscles ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Perineum ; Skin ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Donors ; Wounds and Injuries*

The reconstruction of pressure sore is often complicated problem due to underlying disease and general condition of the patients. Sometimes, it is too radical to use the muscle or musculocutaneous flap for the patients who has severe systemic disease and can not withstand the lengthy operation or the patients who already recovered from paraplegic condition and has no risk recurrence. To get over these problems, we recently have used the parasacral perforator-based island skin flaps for the sacral pressure sores. This flap is based on the axial pattern perforators originating from the internal pudendal artery and lateral sacarl artery. We performed this operation for 11 sacral sores with reasonable results. There was no significant complication, and duration of operation was relatively short and blood loss was a little. We concluded that this flap was useful for the patient with sacral pressure sore who could be categorized nontraumatic nonparaplegic group(NTNP group) or nontraumatic paraplegic group(NTP group). But this island flap has drawback, which is elimination of sensory nerve within the flap.
Arteries ; Humans ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Recurrence ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: Nitric Oxide (NO) has been discovered to be an important endothelium-derived relaxing factor. The exogenous inhaled NO may diffuse from the alveoli to pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and produce pulmonary vasodilation, but any NO that diffuses into blood will be inactivated before it can produce systemic effects. To examine the effects of NO on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, NO was inhaled by experimental dogs in an attempt to reduce the increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) induced by hypoxia in dogs. METHODS: Eight mongrel dogs were studied while inhaling 1)50% O2 (baseline), 2)12% O2 in N2 (hypoxia), 3)followed by the same hypoxic gas mixture of O2 and N2 containing 20, 40 and 80 ppm of NO, respectively. RESULTS: Breathing at FIO2 0.12 nearly doubled the pulmonary vascular resistance from 173 56dyn sec cm-5 to 407 139dyn sec cm-5 and significantly increased the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 16 3mmHg to 22 4mmHg. After adding 20~80 ppm NO to the inspired gas while maintaining the FIO2 at 0.12, the mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased (p<0.05) to the level when breathing oxygen at FIO2 0.5 while the PaO2 and PaCO2 were unchanged. The pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly and the right ventricular stroke work index returned to a level similar to breathing at FIO2 0.5 by addition of NO into the breathing circuit. Pulmonary hypertension resumed within 3~5 minutes of ceasing NO inhalation. In none of our studies did inhaling NO produce systemic hypotension and elevate methemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of 20~80 ppm NO selectively induced pulmonary vasodilation and reversed hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction without causing systemic vasodilation and bronchodilation. Methemoglobin and NO2 were within normal limit during the study.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Dogs ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Hemodynamics* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Hypotension ; Inhalation* ; Methemoglobin ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery ; Respiration ; Stroke ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction* ; Vasodilation

Purpose: This is a study to confirm the mediating effect of positive psychological capital in the relationship between the self-determination and grit of nursing students. Methods: The subjects of the study were 122 university nursing department students in their junior and senior years. The data were collected from December 1 to 23, 2022. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Pearson’s correlation, and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS statistics version 26.0. Results: A statistically significant correlation was observed between self-determination, positive psychological capital and grit (p<.001). The positive psychological capital had full mediation effects on the relationship between self-determination and grit. In other words, the higher levels of positive psychological capital were associated with better levels of grit among nursing students. Conclusion The study showed that positive psychological capital and self-determination have important effects on grit. To enhance the grit of nursing students, it is essential to implement educational programs aimed at improving self-determination and positive psychological capital.

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to investigate correlation between professionalism, organizational communication the and patient safety culture of nurses in hemodialysis units and verify factors that affect patient safety culture. METHODS: Data were collected from 109 nurses working in hemodialysis units located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The Professionalism of participants was significantly correlated with patient safety culture while the Organizational communication was also correlated with patient safety culture. Factors influencing participants' patient safety culture included professionalism, organizational communication, employment history in current hospital, and the number of patients per nurse. These factors explained 57.8% of patient safety culture. CONCLUSION: The research findings suggest that in order to increase the awareness of patient safety culture of nurses in hemodialysis units, strategic efforts are needed to enhance professionalism and organizational communication satisfaction of nurses in hemodialysis units.
Employment ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Patient Safety ; Professionalism ; Renal Dialysis ; Seoul