We evaluated the effects of guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP)-chelated calcium and iron (CaFe-GMP) on health and egg quality in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum. In this study, a CaFe-GMP feed additive was added to a commercial layer feed and fed to layers over a four-week period. All were inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum. Body weight, mortality, clinical symptoms, and poultry production including feed intake, egg production, egg loss, and feed conversion rate were observed, and Salmonella Gallinarum was re-isolated from the liver, spleen, and cecum of the layers. All tested internal organs for the CaFe-GMP additive group exhibited significantly lower re-isolation numbers of Salmonella Gallinarum and less severe pathological changes than those in the control group, indicating that the CaFe-GMP feed supplement induced bacterial clearance and increased resistance to Salmonella Gallinarum. Additionally, due to the inhibitory action of CaFe-GMP on the growth of Salmonella Gallinarum, the CaFe-GMP additive group exhibited better egg production, including a higher laying rate and fewer broken eggs. The results suggest that a 0.16% CaFe-GMP additive may help prevent salmonellosis in the poultry industry.
Body Weight ; Calcium* ; Cecum ; Eggs ; Guanosine* ; Iron* ; Liver ; Mortality ; Ovum* ; Poultry ; Poultry Products ; Salmonella Infections ; Salmonella* ; Spleen

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of obesity increased in Koreans. The main cause suggested is the diet style of Korean changed to that of Western. It has been proved that obesity is a risk factor or an aggravating factor of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, etc. Primary physician has been interested in the correlation of blood pressure with relative body weight and aging. The purpose of this study was to focus on the influence of age and relative body weight on blood pressure. METHODS: Subjects were collected from 2,068 adults who had received Adult Health Examination. That subjects were divided according to age, relative body weight and then the relation of blood pressure with age according to relative body weight and relation with relative body weight according to age were investigated. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure increased significantly according to age in all male and female three weight groups and then increased significantly according to relative body weight in all male and female three age groups except male seventh decade group. Diastolic blood pressure increased significantly according to age in all male and female three weight groups except male obesity group and then increased significantly according to the relative body weight in all male and female three age groups except male and female seventh decade groups. Systolic blood pressure has higher correlation with age than relative body weight and diastolic blood pressure has higher correlation with relative body weight in male. In female, systolic and diastolic blood pressure have higher correlations with age. CONCLUSIONS: It can be suggested that blood pressure increase significantly according to aging process and relative body weight. These two factors have a little different effects to systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to sex. Relative body weight has more effect to diastolic blood pressure than systolic blood pressure in male.
Adult ; Aging ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Weight ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Male ; Obesity* ; Risk Factors

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and distribution of root fusion as well as its sexlinkage in maxillary and mandibular molars. One hundred fifty patients who had eight maxillary and mandibular molars (third molars excluded) were consecutively selected for the study subjects. The subjects provided a total of 1200 molars, i.e., 600 maxillary and 600 mandibular molars. A decision about root fusion was made on the radiographic examination. If a molar had one root and/or roots fused at any part in the root surface, it was considered as having root fusion. The results showed that : (1) 14.1 % of the maxillary molars and 5.8 % of the mandibular molars had a fused root, (2) the prevalence of root fusion in the male was 33 % and 56.4 % in the female, (3) 60 % in the male and 48.8 % in the female had bilaterally paired root fusion, (4) the root fusion was most frequently observed in the maxillary second molar position, but none in the mandibular first position in this study. Within limitations of this study, it can be concluded that, in management of molars with a furcation problem, treatment options such as hemisection and root amputation should be chosen after careful evaluation of root fusion. Further studies are needed to investigate a possible relationship between root fusion and periodontal disease progression.
Amputation ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Molar* ; Periodontal Diseases ; Prevalence*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the present condition of drug abuse and its association with depression, self-rated health and health behaviors by job status in Korean adults. METHODS: Data were derived from the study on four addiction problem and suicide in 2014. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze patterns of drug abuse according to depression, self-rated health and health behaviors. RESULTS: The prevalence of drug abuse during the past year was 17.1% of the 4,018 subjects. About 3.3 times risk for drug abuse was found among individuals who had high depression scores. The risk of drug abuse was higher among those who were smoking (OR:1.46, 95% CI:1.17~1.83), drinking more frequently (OR:1.30, 95% CI:1.07~1.58), sleeping insufficiently (OR:1.31, 95% CI:1.03~1.67), eating irregularly (OR:1.45, 95% CI:1.19~1.76). Drug abuse problem was detected more seriously among employed than unemployed adults. CONCLUSION: Health-related behaviors, such as smoking, drinking, sleeping, eating should be considered simultaneously when designing strategies to deal with drug abuse problem, and it is important to understand the interaction between drug abuse and mental health. Furthermore, workplace based intervention can be effective in solving drug abuse problem.
Adult ; Depression* ; Drinking ; Eating ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Substance-Related Disorders* ; Suicide

BACKGROUND: Inspired concentrations of desflurane > or = 1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) have been related to sympathetic stimulation such as hypertension and tachycardia. The current study examined whether labetalol, an alpha1 and beta-adrenergic antagonist would blunt these hemodynamic responses. METHODS: Fifty-four ASA physical status I patients, aged 20-60 years, were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The breathing circuit was primed with an end-tidal desflurane concentration of 1.2 MAC in 6 L/min O2. Normal saline 5 ml or labetalol 0.3 mg/kg was injected into groups S and L respectively. After 5 minutes, anesthesia was induced with intravenous etomidate 0.2 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. Each patient inhaled desflurane through a tight fitting facemask. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and end-tidal concentration of desflurane (et-des) were measured at 5 minutes after saline or labetalol injection (baseline) and every 1 minute for 5 minutes after desflurane inhalation and for 2 minutes after intubation. RESULTS: In the saline injection group (group S), desflurane inhalation increased heart rate and blood pressure, while labetalol 0.3 mg/kg attenuated the heart rate and blood pressure increase in group L. After tracheal intubation, heart rate and blood pressure were significantly lower in group L than in group S. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that administration of intravenous labetalol is effective in attenuating tracheal intubation and desflurane-induced hemodynamic responses.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Etomidate ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inhalation ; Intubation ; Isoflurane ; Labetalol ; Respiration ; Tachycardia ; Vecuronium Bromide

Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a mitochondrial disorder resulting in multi-system dysfunction. A 14-year-old boy with KSS underwent external levator muscle resection for correction of ptosis. There were no abnormalities on the pre-operative evaluation, except for low-grade heart block and ocular problems. General anesthesia was conducted with a minimum dose of thiopental sodium and sevoflurane under close monitoring, and a laryngeal mask was inserted without muscle relaxation. The surgery was uneventful; however, a careful approach was required during anesthesia because life-threatening complications may occur in patients with KSS.
Adolescent ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Heart Block ; Humans ; Kearns-Sayre Syndrome ; Laryngeal Masks ; Methyl Ethers ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Muscle Relaxation ; Muscles ; Thiopental

Background and objectives: Carvedilol is a cardiovascular drug, beta- and alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, currently approved for the treatment of hypertension, angina, congestive heart failure by FDA. Carvedilol has been shown to attenuate oxygen free radical-initiated lipid peroxidation and to inhibit neointimal formation of aorta following vascular injury by balloon angioplasty. We have investigated the effect of carvedilol on DNA synthesis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Rat aortic smooth muscle cells were obtained by the combined collagenase and elastase methods. Cells between the 4th and 8th passages were used for the experiments. Incorporated radioactivity of [3H]-thymidine was measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry. RESULTS: PDGF-BB (1 nM) increased [3H]-thymidine incorporation about 70-100% over basal value in cultured VSMC. PDGF-stimulated increase in DNA synthesis was significantly suppressed by simultaneous administration of carvedilol. In contrast, propranolol did not significantly affect 3[H]-thymidine uptake in rat aortic VSMC. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrate that carvedilol significantly inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell in our condition. These results indicate that carvedilol may be effective in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases principally associated with abnormal vascular smooth muscle growth.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Animals ; Aorta ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagenases ; DNA ; Heart Failure ; Hypertension ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Oxygen ; Pancreatic Elastase ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Propranolol ; Radioactivity ; Rats ; Spectrum Analysis ; Vascular System Injuries

Idiopathic peripartum cardiomyopathy is an uncommon malady disease. Making the diagnosis is often difficult and it is always necessary to exclude other prior heart disease and other causes of left ventricular dysfunction in pregnant women. Heart failure in these women ensues when the cardiovascular demands of normal pregnancy are further amplified when the common complications of pregnancy complications superimposed upon these underlying conditions that cause compensated ventricular hypertrophy. This may be aggravated by making a late diagnosis and providing inappropriate treatment. We experienced a 38-year-primigravida who has diagnosed with idiopathic peripartum cardiomyopathy and underwent elective cesarean section with general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Cesarean Section ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Peripartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Pregnant Women ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

One of the latest concepts in bonding are "total etch", in which both enamel and dentin are etched with an acid to remove the smear layers, and "wet dentin" in which the dentin is not dry but left moist before application of the bonding primer. Ideally, the application of a bonding agent to tooth structure should be insensitive to minor contamination from oral fluids. Clinically, contaminations such as saliva, gingival fluid, blood and handpiece lubricant are often encountered by dentists during cavity preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of contamination by hemostatic agents on shear bond strength of compomer restorations. One hundred and ten extracted human maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were collected. The teeth were removed soft tissue remnant and debris and stored in physiologic solution until they were used. Small flat area on dentin of the buccal surface were wet ground serially with 400, 800 and 1200 abrasive papers on automatic polishing machine. The teeth were randomly divided into 11 groups. Each group was conditioned as follows: Group 1: Dentin surface was not etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 2: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Astringedent(R)(Ultradent product Inc., Utah, U.S.A.). Group 3: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Bosmin(R)(Jeil Pharm, Korea.). Group 4: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Epri-dent(R)(Epr Industries, NJ, U.S.A.). Group 5: Dentin surface was etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 6: Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Astringedent(R). Group 7: Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Bosmin(R). Group 8: Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Epri-dent(R). Group 9: Dentin surface was contaminated by Astringedent(R). The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 10: Dentin surface was contaminated by Bosmin(R). The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 11: Dentin surface was contaminated by Epri-dent(R). The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. After surface conditioning, F2000(R) was applicated on the conditoned dentin surface. The teeth were thermocycled in distilled water at 5degrees C and 55degrees C for 1,000 cycles. The samples were placed on the binder with the bonded compomer-dentin interface parallel to the knife-edge shearing rod of the Universal Testing Machine(Zwick Z020, Zwick Co., Germany) running at a cross head speed of 1.0 mm/min. Group 2 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 1 and group 6 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 5. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between group 5 and group 9, 10 and 11.
Collodion ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Dentists ; Head ; Humans ; Molar ; Running ; Saliva ; Tooth ; Utah ; Water

PURPOSE: We assessed the clinical significance of newly developed small (< or = 20 mm) early-enhancing hepatic nodules on arterial phase CT after performing transcatheter arterial cheomoembolization (TACE) in patients suffering with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched for the radiologic reports that showed small early enhancing nodule (< or = 20 mm) on the arterial phase imaging of follow-up CT after performing TACE. Thirty-seven lesions in 30 patients had round or oval shaped nodules and the numbers of nodule for one patient was less than five. We classified the nodules by size, location and the decreased attenuation seen on the portal venous phase. The latest follow-up CTs were reviewed to assess the nodules for the final diagnosis. All the follow-up CTs were two-phase spiral CT scans. RESULTS: Twenty-five (67%) of the 37 nodules were recurred HCC, as was determined on the basis of their interval growth and lipiodol uptake after TACE. Among the 37 nodules, seven (18%) disappeared on the latest follow-up CT and they were considered as definite pseudolesions. The remaining five (15%) were stable in size or they decreased in size, and they were considered as probable pseudolesions. The mean size of the nodules on initial CT was 11 mm. The mean size of the malignant nodules was 11+/-4.2 mm and that of the benign pseudolesions was 9+/-4.9 mm. The nodules located on the hepatic surface were possible to definite benign pseudolesions (p<0.05). All ten low attenuated nodules seen on the portal phase were HCCs. CONCLUSION: When seen on the follow-up CT scans of HCC patients after performing TACE, the newly developed small early-enhancing nodules were considered to have high potential of being HCC by their locations and enhancing patterns.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diagnosis ; Ethiodized Oil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed