No abstract available.
DNA Fingerprinting* ; DNA* ; Humans* ; Papilloma*

No Abstract available.
Cross Infection* ; Korea*

BACKGROUND: Smoking greatly increases the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Besides direct harm from smoking, some dietary pattern of smokers have been reported to increase such risk. This study aimed to analyze various nutrients by smoking status, and to find out whether smokers maintain harmful dietary patterns. METHODS: One thousand and six hundred fourteen men were selected who visited the health promotion center of an university hospital in Seoul. The inclusion criteria was the completion of dietary survey. Dietary analysis was done by calculation of amounts of each nutrients from 24-hour recall method. We compared total intake of each nutrients and total calories by smoking status with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then we adjusted the results for exercise and education level by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance). RESULTS: The study subjects were 840 current smokers (52.0%), 479 ex-smokers (29.7%) and 295 non-smokers (18.3%). The consumption of total fat and cholesterol was significantly high in smokers than non-smokers (P=0.012, P=0.005). The alcohol intake was higher in smokers and ex-smokers than non-smokers (P <0.001, P=0.007). The smokers and ex-smokers had less calcium than non- smokers (P=0.001, P=0.044). Furthermore, the smokers exercised less than ex-smokers and non-smokers (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The smokers consumed more total fat and cholesterol which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. They also had less calcium and drank more alcohol. Comprehensive approach which includes intervention for dietary intakes in addition to smoking cessation is desirable to decrease health risk for smokers.
Analysis of Variance ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Education ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Male* ; Osteoporosis ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking*

A fixed drug eruption is a cutaneous reaction caused by various drugs, which include phenazone derivatives, barbiturates, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and phenolphthaleins. An eruption caused by piroxicam is very rare and there have been no previous reports in Korea. A 49-year-old woman was seen with mutiple erythematous patches and some bullae that appeared after oral administration of piroxicam. The patient had had two similar episodes after oral administration of piroxicam. We performed patch test with piroxicam and could confirm a fixed drug eruption caused by this durg.
Administration, Oral ; Antipyrine ; Barbiturates ; Drug Eruptions* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Patch Tests ; Phenolphthalein ; Phenolphthaleins ; Piroxicam* ; Sulfonamides ; Tetracyclines

Dermatophytes infect the human hair, skin, nail and cause the dermatophytosis. The extracellular and intracellular proteinases of the dermatophytes commonly occur in the genus Trichophyton like T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. granulosum. These enzymes play a prominent role in growth, multiplication and infection of the host tissue. Extracellular proteinases have been purified from the species of Trichophyton and Microsporum. We purified the proteinase partially from the culture filtrate of the Trichophyton tonsurans through Mono-Q and Superose 12 column and investigated its biochemical and enzymatic characters. The molecular size of the proteinase was estimated to be 41 kDa by SDS-PAGE. And pI was 3.2. The optimal temperature and pH for an enzymatic activity were 27C and 7.5, respectively. The purified porteinase degraded the keratin, bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin. The serine proteinase inhibitor like PMSF and DFP inhibited the proteolytic activity of the purified enzyme whereas the cysteinase inhibitor did not. These results demonstrated that the purified proteinase is a serine proteinase and can contribute the tissue invasion.
Arthrodermataceae ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Hair ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Isoflurophate ; Microsporum ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Serine Proteases* ; Serine* ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Skin ; Tinea ; Trichophyton*

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to compare model performance of machine learning methods with that of a previous study in which a nonlinear mixed effects model was created using NONMEM(R) for the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for propofol. The secondary objective was to evaluate if a pharmacodynamic model describing the relationship between the dose of propofol and bispectral index (BIS) outperform that describing the relationship between a pharmacokinetic model derived-predicted concentrations of propofol and BIS. METHODS: Data were collected during a study involving the infusion of propofol into healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models were constructed using artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), and multi-method ensembles and were compared with the nonlinear mixed effects method as implemented by NONMEM(R). Model performance was assessed by goodness-of-fit statistics, paired t-tests between predicted and observed values for each model and scatterplots. RESULTS: In pharmacokinetic analysis, ensemble I, the mean of ANN and NONMEM(R) predictions, achieved minimal error and the highest correlation coefficient. SVM produced the highest error and the lowest correlation coefficient. In pharmacodynamic analysis, ANN exhibited the best performance. An ANNModel describing the relationship between the dose of propofol and BIS was not inferior to an ANN model describing the relationship between predicted concentrations of propofol derived from an ANN pharmacokinetic model and BIS. CONCLUSIONS: In pharmacokinetic analysis, ensemble combined with ANN achieved slightly better performance than NONMEM(R). The relationship between the dose of propofol and BIS can be predicted without considering pharmacokinetics of propofol.
Machine Learning ; Propofol ; Support Vector Machine

The global emergence and spread of multidrug resistant bacterial infections in communities and hospitals has become an important issue in public health. The resistance rate of gram-positive cocci to vancomycin and the resistance rate of several gram-negative bacilli against cefotaxime and carbapenem have been continuously increasing. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is essential for providing information on the magnitude of and trend in multidrug resistance. Therefore, beginning 2011, more robust and effective management is to be legally required for six multidrug-resistant bacteria that have been linked to healthcare-related infections: vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobactericeae (CRE). We have also performed laboratory-based sentinel surveillance for VRSA/VISA since 2002 and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae since November, 2010. This article reviews the national surveillance programs, and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Cefotaxime ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Methicillin Resistance ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Nitriles ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Public Health ; Pyrethrins ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Vancomycin

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is an ideal treatment for glenohumeral dysfunction due to cuff tear arthropathy. As the number of patients treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty is increasing, the incidence of complications after this procedure also is increasing. The rate of complications in reverse shoulder arthroplasty was reported to be 15%–24%. Recently, the following complications have been reported in order of frequency: periprosthetic infection, dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, neurologic injury, scapular notching, acromion or scapular spine fracture, and aseptic loosening of prosthesis. However, the overall complication rate has varied across studies because of different prosthesis used, improvement of implant and surgical skills, and different definitions of complications. Some authors included complications that affect the clinical outcomes of the surgery, while others reported minor complications that do not affect the clinical outcomes such as minor reversible neurologic deficit or minimal scapular notching. This review article summarizes the processes related to diagnosis and treatment of complications after reverse shoulder arthroplasty with the aim of helping clinicians reduce complications and perform appropriate procedures if/when complications occur.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is an ideal treatment for glenohumeral dysfunction due to cuff tear arthropathy. As the number of patients treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty is increasing, the incidence of complications after this procedure also is increasing. The rate of complications in reverse shoulder arthroplasty was reported to be 15%–24%. Recently, the following complications have been reported in order of frequency: periprosthetic infection, dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, neurologic injury, scapular notching, acromion or scapular spine fracture, and aseptic loosening of prosthesis. However, the overall complication rate has varied across studies because of different prosthesis used, improvement of implant and surgical skills, and different definitions of complications. Some authors included complications that affect the clinical outcomes of the surgery, while others reported minor complications that do not affect the clinical outcomes such as minor reversible neurologic deficit or minimal scapular notching. This review article summarizes the processes related to diagnosis and treatment of complications after reverse shoulder arthroplasty with the aim of helping clinicians reduce complications and perform appropriate procedures if/when complications occur.

BACKGROUND: The new Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) is useful in visualization of complex coronary artery anatomy. We investigated usefulness comparing of invasive coronary angiography with noninvasive MDCT in judgment of functional degree of coronary arteries grafts after coronary artery bypass graft operation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We analyzed the patency of 52 conduits from 15 patients whom consented to take both 32 Channel MDCT and coronary angiography from November 2003 to November 2004. Comparisons were performed for sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction value and negative prediction value between coronary angiography and 3 dimensional reconstruction image using MDCT. RESULT: The average graft used was 3.4+/-0.8 per patient. Average heart rate during MDCT was 86/minute (Range, 60~110/minute) without administration ofbeta-blocker. All patients could hold breath as much as necessary. The average graft patency obtained through coronary angiography was 96.2%. In MDCT group, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value for diagnosis was 100%, 98.0%, 100% and 66.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of 32 Channel MDCT may be compared to coronary angiography in grasping about patency and bloodstream of graft conduits after coronary artery bypass graft. Also MDCT has the advantage of noninvasiveness and inexpensiveness compared to coronary angiography.
Coronary Angiography* ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis ; Hand Strength ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Judgment ; Multidetector Computed Tomography* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transplants ; Vascular Patency