No abstract available.
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome*

This study examined burdens of primary family carcgivcrs of paticnto with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) along with related factors. In addition, their needs for support group intervention were assessed to develop a support group to reduce the burdens of caregiving. Eighty-one primary family caregivers of patients with CVAs at a general hospital in Seoul participated in this study . The patients with CVAs aged from 26 to 83 years with mean age of 63 years. About 90% of the patients had some paralysis and 56.6% suffered speech problems. Fifty-eight percent of the primary family caregivers were spouses of the patients and 80.2% were women. Primary family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the Burden Scale originally devel oped by Zarit (1980) and Novak & Geust(1989) and modified by Jang (1995) for use in Korea. The instrument consists of six subscales time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, emotional burden, social burden, and financiaI burden. The results were as follows : 1. The average of burden score was 91.7, indicating moderate to severe level of burden. The time-dependent burden was scored highest followed by physical, developmental, social, financial, and emotional burdens. 2. of the characteristics of patients, age, gender, and severity of the disease were found to be associated with the level of burden. Of the characteristics of primary family caregivers, age and educational level were significantly related to the level of burden. Time of care since the CVA and the quality of relationship between a patient and a caregiver prior to the stroke were significant situational factors affecting the level of burden. 3. The need for support group intervention for the caregivero was very high (95.1%). The earcgivcrs of patients who had a CVA for the first time showed higher levels of need compared to those of patients who had a CVA more than once. The caregivers indicated a support group held once a month near home or hospital would be welcomed. In addition, they replied that a group composed of 9 to 10 caregivers and guided by health care professionals (e.g., physicians and nurses) would be most desirable. More than 85% of the earegivers identified the areas that they wanted intervention in as follows : knowledge, skills, and resources to care for a patient with a CVA. the counsel of health care professionals, share of their experiences with those who have similar situations, stress management skills, and methods to overcome emotional isolation due to the great responsibility for a patient. Given the results, support group is expected to be an effective way to reduce the burdens of primary family caregivers of patients with CVAs. As a follow up It is necessary to examine the effect of support group intervention on the patient's recovery and rehabilitation.
Caregivers* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Paralysis ; Rehabilitation ; Self-Help Groups* ; Seoul ; Spouses ; Stroke*

Chin ; Humans ; Polyethylene ; Transplants

Mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) and the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome are passed down, unaltered, from generation to generation, matrilineally and patrilineally, respectively. Therefore, the Y-chromosome DNA and mtDNA are known as lineage markers, and they play important roles in studies based on human migration and evolutionary history. Y-chromosome DNA is used in forensic analysis to identify individuals involved in cases of sexual assault. In this paper, we review the methods of statistical evaluation of lineage markers used in forensic identification. We also review the combined approach of autosomal and lineage marker evidence.
DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Human Migration ; Y Chromosome

Kinship testing in forensic casework is largely based on a likelihood ratio (LR) approach with short tandem repeat (STR) markers; however, in order to efficiently identify potential relatives in a specific population, the threshold values for kinship prediction should be determined by analyzing the kinship index distributions of the population in question. In this study, 250,000 DNA profiles were simulated using allele frequencies at 20 autosomal STR loci in Koreans, then the LRs were calculated for true close relatives and unrelated pairs. The LR distributions in related and unrelated pairs under a given relationship were compared in 2 sets of 13 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and 20 STR profiles. Using 13 CODIS STRs, true relatives in parent/child and full-sibling relationships were sufficiently discriminated from unrelated pairs with LR thresholds of 1,000 and 100, respectively. However, the CODIS STRs lacked the discriminatory power to differentiate between related and unrelated pairs in uncle/nephew and first cousin relationships due to high false-positive and false-negative rates with a LR threshold of 10. Increasing the number of STR loci to 20 increased discrimination of close relatives, but high false results remained in uncle/nephew and first cousin relationships. The kinship index data from this study will help make decisions on various kinship testing and familial searching in Koreans.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the main factors influencing family functioning of caregivers in families with stroke. METHOD: A Convenient sample of 173 primary family caregivers who take care of a stroke patient at an Oriental medicine hospital in Jeonbuk. Interviews were done with a standardized questionnaire including family functioning by nurses. RESULTS: In Pearson's correlation analysis, the influencing factors related to family functioning were ADL(p=.017), level of paralysis(p=.019) as stressors, Quality of relation(p=.000) as situational variables, and family caregivers' burden(p=.000). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed 29.9% of the variance family functioning was significantly accounted for by the quality of relationship between stroke patient and caregiver(26.8%), and caregiver burden(3.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that families of stroke patients need family-focused nursing intervention as supported care to improve the relationship between patient and primary caregiver and relieve caregiver burden by culturally tailoring to Korean.
Caregivers* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Nursing ; Stroke* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Authors reviewed clinical records of 92 patients with tetanus from January 1974 to December 1983 at Severance Hospital and the following results wre obtained. 1) There were about 2.2 times more cases of neonatal tetanus than that of nonneonatal. The admitted cases of tetanus decreased in 1980's compared to those of 1970's. 2) The male versus female ratio was 3 : 1 not only in nonneonatal but also in neonatal teanus. 3) There was a tendency of higher mortality when the site of injury was on the central part of the body than on the distal. 4) Most cases of tetanus developed after the injury with bactrial contamination as expected, but a few cases are due to only trivial injury such as acupuncture or injection without overt contamination. 5) There was a close relationship between the incubation period and mortality in neonatal tetaus but no such definite relationship in nonneonatal tetaus. 6) The duraton of admission was about 3 weeks and the majority of deaths occureed in less than one week of admission. 7) There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the group who used tetanus antitoxin from animal and that who used human tetanus immuneglobulin.
Acupuncture ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Tetanus Antitoxin ; Tetanus*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

Purpose: To report two cases of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis in immunocompromised patients.Case Summary: (Case 1) A 55-year-old female with a history of diabetes and hepatic liver resection visited our clinic complainingof periorbital edema in her left eye 4 days prior to her visit. The visual acuity of the left eye was no light perception.Erythematous edema of the periorbital area and a black necrotic lesion in the left eye were observed. Periorbital necrotizing fasciitiswas diagnosed and broad-spectrum antibiotics were injected. Urgent debridement was recommended but the patient wentto another hospital and orbital exenteration was performed. K. pneumoniae was isolated in her blood culture. (Case 2) A56-year-old female with a history of ovarian cancer chemotherapy visited our clinic complaining of periorbital pain and skin necrosisin her right eye 3 days prior to her visit. The visual acuity of the right eye could not be measured because of severe lidedema. Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis was diagnosed and antibiotic injection and urgent debridement were performed. P. aeruginosawas isolated in her blood culture. Postoperative infection progression and recurrence were not observed and eyelid reconstructionwas performed. Conclusions Early detection and treatment of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis is important in immunocompromised patients.Proper antibiotic therapy and necrotic debridement are needed to remove the periorbital inflammation.