PURPOSE: The morphogenic mechanism of tetralogy of Fallot is known to be an antero-superior deviation and hypertrophy of the subpulmonary infundibulum. We performed this study to measure the subpulmonary infundibulum in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and compare those with normal control. METHODS: Echocardiographic data and medical reports of 12 patients, with classical tetralogy of Fa11ot who were diagnosed echocardiographically from Dec. 1996 to Jan. 1999 in Kyungpook National University Hospital, were retrospectively reviewed. A control group consisted of 11 children who underwent a complete echocardiographic examination for a heart murmur and were found to be structually norrnal. Measurements of the subpulmonary infundibulum were performed in systolic still frames with the subxiphoid short axis view. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control children, the following indexed infundibular dimensions in patients with tetralogy of Fallot were significantly smaller' volume, length, cross-sectional area, diameters of pulmonary valve annulus, main, left and right pulmonary arteries, PA index and McGoon ratio. The following measurements were increased in tetralogy patients ' the angle between infundibular septum and ventricular septum, and infundibular free wall thickness. CONCLUSION: We confirmed both antero-superior deviation of infundibular septum and infundibular hypoplasia as morphologic abnormalities in tetralogy of Fallot. We also revealed relatively equal contributions of shortening of infundibular length, and increased infundibular septal and free wall thickness to infundibular hypoplasia.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Child ; Echocardiography ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Heart Murmurs ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetralogy of Fallot* ; Ventricular Septum

In order to elucidate employees satisfaction levels in using graphic user interface(GUI) in a laboratory information system(LIS), users attitudes toward GUI versus CUI(Character User Interface) in a similar LIS were surveyed one month after implementing upgrade version of LIS in a tertiary care university hospital laboratory. The outcome of the study showed that approximately two third of users preferred to have GUI in LIS. There was no difference in preference of GUI or not. However the female and older employees tend to shy away from GUI. The employee productivity was improved with GUI although it takes slightly longer program loading time than that of CUI. In conclusion, the laboratory employee satisfaction was higher with GUI than CUI and their productivity was improved with GUI.
Clinical Laboratory Information Systems* ; Efficiency ; Female ; Humans ; Laboratories, Hospital ; Tertiary Healthcare

Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by the development of hundreds to thounds polyps throughout the colon and rectum. Moreover, several extracolonic manifestations are seen. Recently, this disease is recognized as a adenomatous polyposis syndrome which can involve the entire astrointestinal tract. Several reports have demonstrated a high incidence of gastroduodenal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. These colon polyps can be eventually developed as colon cancer, if not be treated. So early diagnosis is needed and prophylactic surgery should be erformed. We experienced a case of familial adenomatous polyposis with a large sentinel polyp on the sigmoid colon, presenting hematochezia and mucoid diarrhea. He was early treated before progression to carcinoma by total colectomy, rectal mucosectomy and J pouch ileoanal anastomosis.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Colectomy ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonic Pouches ; Diarrhea ; Early Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Polyps* ; Rectum

Background/Aims: Only a few studies have examined perceptions of the incidence and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the general Korean population. The aim of this study was to determine public perceptions of the lifetime incidence rate and survival of CRC. Methods: All adults older than 50 years who visited the Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong were invited to participate in this survey for 5 months in 2021. During the study period, eligible individuals participated in this survey through a link or quick response code on a poster posted in the hospital, which was linked to a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire used for this survey included demographic and socioeconomic data, perceptions of CRC, and awareness of the CRC incidence and 5-year survival rate. Results: Among 203 respondents, 196 answers were analyzed after the exclusion of seven incomplete answers. In our survey, half of the respondents (49.5%) answered the expected lifetime incidence rate of CRC as 0% to 4.9%. Koreans perceived CRC as a more fatal disease than epidemiological data, as 70.9% of the respondents expected the 5-year survival rate of CRC to be less than 70% for the general population. However, Koreans perceived stage IV CRC as a less fatal disease than epidemiological data, because only 20.9% of the respondents expected the 5-year survival rate of stage IV CRC to be less than 10% for general population. Conclusions Koreans recognized CRC as a more common and fatal disease than actual epidemiological data of CRC. Therefore, more efforts should be made to provide more correct information on CRC for better decision-making and communication.

This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of nonpersistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk through a literature review and to affirm the association between EDCs and lifestyle factors based on the reviewed literature. We analyzed studies reporting EDC concentrations in breast milk from literature published on Google Scholar and PubMed between 2000 and 2022. In Korea, most EDC concentrations in breast milk were comparable to or lower than those in other countries. However, the concentrations of PFAS in breast milk, especially perfluorooctanoic acid, have shown an increasing trend compared to the past in Korea. Considering the potential risks of EDCs, breastfeeding mothers should take measures to minimize their exposure to these chemicals.

Background/Aims: Utilization of low-volume preparation agents is crucial to improve patient willingness to undergo repeat colonoscopies. However, gastric safety data on preparation agents are limited. This study evaluated the acute gastropathy associated with bowel preparation agents. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled healthy subjects who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy screening. Baseline patient characteristics, bowel preparation success, acute gastropathy, and polyp and adenoma detection rates were evaluated for 1 L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (1 L PEG/Asc) and oral sulfate tablet (OST) groups. Results: Comparison of the OST group (n=2,463) with the 1 L PEG/Asc group (n=2,060) revealed that the rates of successful cleansing and high-quality cleansing were similar between the two groups. Polyp and adenoma detection rates were significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (p<0.001 and p=0.013), while the incidence of acute gastric mucosal lesion-like blood stain/clot, erosions at greater curvature side of antrum/body, multiple erosions, and overlying mucosal erythema or edema were all significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (all p<0.001). Additionally, high and indeterminate probability scores of preparation agent-induced gastropathy (p=0.001) and mean Lanza scores were significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (1.3 vs. 0.4, p<0.001). Conclusions Compared with 1 L PEG/Asc, OSTs were significantly associated with acute gastropathy during bowel preparation, thus requiring careful consideration from physicians for the simultaneous screening of EGD and colonoscopy.

Background/Aims: Utilization of low-volume preparation agents is crucial to improve patient willingness to undergo repeat colonoscopies. However, gastric safety data on preparation agents are limited. This study evaluated the acute gastropathy associated with bowel preparation agents. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled healthy subjects who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy screening. Baseline patient characteristics, bowel preparation success, acute gastropathy, and polyp and adenoma detection rates were evaluated for 1 L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (1 L PEG/Asc) and oral sulfate tablet (OST) groups. Results: Comparison of the OST group (n=2,463) with the 1 L PEG/Asc group (n=2,060) revealed that the rates of successful cleansing and high-quality cleansing were similar between the two groups. Polyp and adenoma detection rates were significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (p<0.001 and p=0.013), while the incidence of acute gastric mucosal lesion-like blood stain/clot, erosions at greater curvature side of antrum/body, multiple erosions, and overlying mucosal erythema or edema were all significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (all p<0.001). Additionally, high and indeterminate probability scores of preparation agent-induced gastropathy (p=0.001) and mean Lanza scores were significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (1.3 vs. 0.4, p<0.001). Conclusions Compared with 1 L PEG/Asc, OSTs were significantly associated with acute gastropathy during bowel preparation, thus requiring careful consideration from physicians for the simultaneous screening of EGD and colonoscopy.

Background/Aims: Utilization of low-volume preparation agents is crucial to improve patient willingness to undergo repeat colonoscopies. However, gastric safety data on preparation agents are limited. This study evaluated the acute gastropathy associated with bowel preparation agents. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled healthy subjects who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy screening. Baseline patient characteristics, bowel preparation success, acute gastropathy, and polyp and adenoma detection rates were evaluated for 1 L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (1 L PEG/Asc) and oral sulfate tablet (OST) groups. Results: Comparison of the OST group (n=2,463) with the 1 L PEG/Asc group (n=2,060) revealed that the rates of successful cleansing and high-quality cleansing were similar between the two groups. Polyp and adenoma detection rates were significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (p<0.001 and p=0.013), while the incidence of acute gastric mucosal lesion-like blood stain/clot, erosions at greater curvature side of antrum/body, multiple erosions, and overlying mucosal erythema or edema were all significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (all p<0.001). Additionally, high and indeterminate probability scores of preparation agent-induced gastropathy (p=0.001) and mean Lanza scores were significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (1.3 vs. 0.4, p<0.001). Conclusions Compared with 1 L PEG/Asc, OSTs were significantly associated with acute gastropathy during bowel preparation, thus requiring careful consideration from physicians for the simultaneous screening of EGD and colonoscopy.

Background/Aims: Utilization of low-volume preparation agents is crucial to improve patient willingness to undergo repeat colonoscopies. However, gastric safety data on preparation agents are limited. This study evaluated the acute gastropathy associated with bowel preparation agents. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled healthy subjects who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy screening. Baseline patient characteristics, bowel preparation success, acute gastropathy, and polyp and adenoma detection rates were evaluated for 1 L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (1 L PEG/Asc) and oral sulfate tablet (OST) groups. Results: Comparison of the OST group (n=2,463) with the 1 L PEG/Asc group (n=2,060) revealed that the rates of successful cleansing and high-quality cleansing were similar between the two groups. Polyp and adenoma detection rates were significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (p<0.001 and p=0.013), while the incidence of acute gastric mucosal lesion-like blood stain/clot, erosions at greater curvature side of antrum/body, multiple erosions, and overlying mucosal erythema or edema were all significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (all p<0.001). Additionally, high and indeterminate probability scores of preparation agent-induced gastropathy (p=0.001) and mean Lanza scores were significantly higher in the OST group than in the 1 L PEG/Asc group (1.3 vs. 0.4, p<0.001). Conclusions Compared with 1 L PEG/Asc, OSTs were significantly associated with acute gastropathy during bowel preparation, thus requiring careful consideration from physicians for the simultaneous screening of EGD and colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass produces a state of functional hypothyroidism characterized by low levels of circulating tri-iodothyronine (T3). Theoretically, supplementing T3 should result in improved hemodynamics as well as patients' outcome. The aim of the present study was to determine whether pretreatment with single oral T3 could prevent serum T3 reduction, and improve hemodynamics and clinical outcome. METHODS: Forty-seven patients undergoing valvular heart surgery were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups (T = T group; C = control group) the day before surgery and received single oral T3 40 microg or placebo before operation. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum levels of total T3, T4 and TSH before administration of oral T3 or placebo (baseline), 1, 6 and 18 hour after weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass. Hemodynamic parameters and medication were recorded during the intraoperative period and throughout the first 24 h after arrival at the intensive care unit. RESULTS: T3 levels were significantly higher in the T group 1 hr after weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass. T3 levels in the T group were all maintained within the normal range throughout the study period, whereas it was decreased to below normal level in the C group at 18 hr after weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass. In the T group, vasoactive agent requirements were reduced during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with single oral T3 prevented the reduction in T3 level after valvular heart surgery, with subsequent reduction in vasoactive agent requirement.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Intensive Care Units ; Intraoperative Period ; Reference Values ; Thoracic Surgery ; Weaning