The author observed clinical study and response of -interferon treatment of 43 cases of chronic hepatitis who were admitted to Department of Pediatrics Pusan National University College of Medicine during the period of 4 year 6 months from Jenuary, 1988 to Jun, 1992. The results were as follows: 1) Of 43 patients with chronic hepatitis, CPH was 17 cases (39.5%) and CAH was 26 cases (60.5%). 2) Of 43 patients, chronic hepatitis caused by HBV was 37 cases (86.0%) 2 cases were by Wilson's disease, 1 case was by glycogen storage disease and in the 3 cases, the cause was undetermined and CPH by HBV and CAH were 14 cases (82.4%), 23 cases (88.5%) respectively. 3) A peak frequency (46.5%) of chronic hepatitis occurred between 6 to age and male predominated in a propotion of 3.5:1. 4) On the clinical manifestation, jaundice and hepatomegaly was higher frequency on CAH than on CPH. 5) On the laboratory findings, CAH had higher serum ALT and direct bilirubin level than CPH. 6) On effect of -interferon treatment for patients of CAH, serum ALT and AST levels normalized in 81.8% of patients, negative conversion of HBeAg was 38.5%, Anti-HBe serocoversion was 7.7%, negative conversion of HBsAg was 7.7% and the clearnce of HBV-DNA from seum showed 60.0%. 7) The HBeAg seroconversion (28.6%) on children of HBsAg(+) mother showed lower reponse than HBeAg seroconversion (50.0%) of HBsAg(-) mother after -interferon treatment for patients of CAH.
Bilirubin ; Busan ; Child* ; Glycogen Storage Disease ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Male ; Mothers ; Pediatrics

We report herein two cases of pachyonychia congenita in 19-month-old and 7-year-old girls. In addition to severely deformed nails, both had white plaques on the tongue and keratotic papules on the elbows and knees. In the 19-month-old girl, her father showed deformity of the nails and severe hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, The family history was normal in other case.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Elbow ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Knee ; Nails, Malformed* ; Pachyonychia Congenita* ; Tongue

BACKGROUND: Chloral hydrate (CH) is the primary agent most commonly used for pediatric sedation prior to diagnostic, therapeutic procedures. In the management of pediatric facial laceration, the initial dose of CH has to balance the need for adequate sedation against the need to minimize sedative complications. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of 834 children who visited our emergency room for facial lacerations from August 2010 to September 2012 was conducted. They were divided into six groups on the basis of the initial dose of CH administered. Further, each group was compared with the standard group (70 to < or =80 mg/kg) with respect to sedation success, augmentation dose, failed sedation, time to procedure, and time of stay. RESULTS: With respect to the complication rate, only group 1 (range, 40 to < or =50 mg/kg) showed a significantly lower complication rate. In the case of all the other variables considered, there were no significant differences among any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: An initial CH dose of 48+/-2 mg/kg does not negatively affect the success rate of sedation or the need for additional sedative during the primary closure of facial lacerations in pediatric patients. Further, lower doses reduce the incidences of adverse effects and do not delay procedure readiness. Therefore, 48+/-2 mg/kg of CH can be considered the optimal initial dose for pediatric sedation.
Child ; Chloral Hydrate* ; Conscious Sedation ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Lacerations* ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Sutures

Total 87 patients were divided into 4 different dosage and try to observe what was affected to cardiovascular system depends on the increasing the plasma ionized cakium concentration (3% calcium chloride; 4 mg/kg, as its double 8 mg/kg and 10% calcium gluconate; 14 mg/kg, as its double 28 mg/kg). The results were as follows;, 1) Though using double dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate, could not get to increase as double of plasma ionized calcium concentration. 2) Plasma ionized calcium concentration was increased to the highest level on 1 minute after intravenous administration with each dosage and after increasing to highest level was show to be decreased gradually during 30 minutes after injection. 3) Heart rate was decreased until 30 minute after injection with each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate with statistically significancy (p<0.05) but when 3% calcium chloride were used, the change of heart rate following increase of calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 4) When 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were used, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increasing of plasma ionized calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 5) Changing of cardiac index (CI) following plasma ionized calcium concentration, have only statistically significancy after each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate was injected but each dosage of 3% calcium chloride have not any statistically significancy respectively. With the above results, equivalent dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were increased as similar change of plasma ionized calcium concentration but 10% calcium gluconate 14 mg/kg, 28 mg/kg are only have statistically significany between the change of PR, CI and increasing plasma ionized calcium concentration (p<0.05).
Administration, Intravenous ; Arterial Pressure ; Calcium Chloride* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Cardiovascular System* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous* ; Plasma*

Total 87 patients were divided into 4 different dosage and try to observe what was affected to cardiovascular system depends on the increasing the plasma ionized cakium concentration (3% calcium chloride; 4 mg/kg, as its double 8 mg/kg and 10% calcium gluconate; 14 mg/kg, as its double 28 mg/kg). The results were as follows;, 1) Though using double dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate, could not get to increase as double of plasma ionized calcium concentration. 2) Plasma ionized calcium concentration was increased to the highest level on 1 minute after intravenous administration with each dosage and after increasing to highest level was show to be decreased gradually during 30 minutes after injection. 3) Heart rate was decreased until 30 minute after injection with each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate with statistically significancy (p<0.05) but when 3% calcium chloride were used, the change of heart rate following increase of calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 4) When 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were used, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increasing of plasma ionized calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 5) Changing of cardiac index (CI) following plasma ionized calcium concentration, have only statistically significancy after each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate was injected but each dosage of 3% calcium chloride have not any statistically significancy respectively. With the above results, equivalent dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were increased as similar change of plasma ionized calcium concentration but 10% calcium gluconate 14 mg/kg, 28 mg/kg are only have statistically significany between the change of PR, CI and increasing plasma ionized calcium concentration (p<0.05).
Administration, Intravenous ; Arterial Pressure ; Calcium Chloride* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Cardiovascular System* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous* ; Plasma*

PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested that specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to the clinical features of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we investigated the relationships of genetic polymorphisms of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene with BPH. METHODS: A total of 218 patients with BPH were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the relationship between eight SNPs in the EGF and EGFR genes and prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and International Prostate Symptom Score of BPH patients. Each SNP was genotyped by direct sequencing. Statistical analysis applying codominant, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models was performed via logistic regression. RESULTS: The rs11568943 and rs11569017 SNPs in the EGF gene showed significant associations with prostate volume (rs11568943: P=0.038 in the log-additive model, P=0.024 in the allele distribution; rs11569017, P=0.031 in the dominant model, P=0.028 in the log-additive model, P=0.020 in the allele distribution). Additionally, the rs3756261, rs11568943, and rs11569017 SNPs of the EGF gene and the rs2293347 SNP of the EGFR gene were associated with PSA levels (P<0.05 in each model, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the EGF gene may affect prostate volume. In addition, the EGF and EGFR genes may be associated with PSA levels in patients with BPH.
Alleles ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor*

BACKGROUND: The changes in acid-base balance and serum electrolytes after infusion of 0.9% normal saline during renal transplantation are poorly characterized. In this study, the relationships between the infusion of fluids and the changes in arterial blood gas analysis, serum electrolytes and central venous pressure during renal transplantation were determined. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients undergoing elective renal transplantation were divided into two groups: group I (n = 33) was made up of patients who received a living related renal transplantation, while group II (n = 34) was made up of those who received a living unrelated renal transplantation. Blood gas analysis, central venous pressure and serum electrolytes were evaluated just after the beginning of the operation, just before reperfusion (unclamping of the renal artery and vein), just after reperfusion and 20 minutes after arriving in the recovery room. RESULTS: pH, base excess, HCO3 and Na+ concentration were decreased, but PaCO2 was not changed during the operation. Central venous pressure and K+ concentrations were elevated during the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that 0.9% normal saline and mannitol leads to dilutional acidosis. If a lot of fluids are required during transplantation, we need to consider that 0.9% normal saline can aggravate acidosis in a renal transplantation patient.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acidosis ; Blood Gas Analysis* ; Central Venous Pressure* ; Electrolytes* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Mannitol ; Recovery Room ; Renal Artery ; Reperfusion

Cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL10) may play an important role in the process of inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between IL10, IL10RA and IL10RB single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in Korean population. All patients with BPH were divided into two groups according to international porostate symptom score (IPSS), prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, Qmax, and prostate volume. We selected two IL10 SNPs (rs1518111 and rs1554286), three IL10RA SNPs (rs2256111, rs4252243, and rs2228054), and two IL10RB SNPs (rs999788 and rs2834167). Genotypes of seven SNPs were determined through direct sequencing. The G/G genotype of IL10RB polymorphism (rs2834167) was associated with a high PSA level compared with the A/G + A/A genotypes (P = 0.009). Of IL10 SNP, the A/A genotype of rs1518111 and T/T genotype of rs1554286 were associated with small prostate volume, respectively (P = 0.011, P = 0.014). Moreover, the T/T genotype of IL10RB polymorphism (rs999788) was associated with high prostatic volume compared with the T/C + C/C genotypes (P = 0.033). The linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were formed in IL10 and IL10RA. However, haplotypes in the LD block were not associated with BPH. It is concluded that there is a strong association between the IL10 and IL10RB SNPs, and BPH in Korean population.
Aged ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10/*genetics ; Interleukin-10 Receptor alpha Subunit/*genetics ; Interleukin-10 Receptor beta Subunit/*genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood/genetics ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/*genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

The authors report three microcystic meningiomas with its characteristic immunohistochemical findings and chromosomal pattern. Three patients with surgically treated microcystic meningioma were studied for its radiological, histopathological findings, and chromosomal analysis was done in the one patient. Tumors were convexity meningioma in the frontal area. The tumors were enhanced homogenously in the two, and enhanced inhomogenously with multiple small cysts in the other one on preoperative magnetic resonance image. Pathological examination showed marked nuclear pleomorphism, many small cysts, hyaline thickening in blood vessel wall, and mucinous background, compatable to microcystic type. EMA and vimentin were positive on the immunohistochemical stain. Chromosomal analysis showed tetrasomies of chromosome 5, 13, 17, and 20, and trisomies of chromosome 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 16, 19, and 21, which are quite different from those of benign meningioma.
Blood Vessels ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Meningioma* ; Mucins ; Tetrasomy ; Trisomy ; Vimentin

A 66-year-old male with dyspepsia and weight loss was referred to our hospital for evaluation. On laboratory examination, anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA)-IgA was positive and iron deficiency anemia was present. PET/CT and abdominal CT scan images showed multiple small bowel segmental wall thickening and inflammation. Capsule endoscopy images showed multiple small bowel ulcerative lesions with exudates. Based on laboratory test results and imaging studies, the patient was diagnosed with Crohn's disease and treated with prednisolone and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). However, the patient underwent second operation due to small bowel perforation within 2 month after initiation of treatment. Pathology report of the resected specimen was compatible to primary small bowel diffuse large B cell lymphoma and pertinent treatment was given to the patient after recovery. Herein, we describe a case of primary small bowel diffuse large B cell lymphoma that was mistaken for Crohn's disease.
Aged ; Antibodies/blood ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Capsule Endoscopy ; Crohn Disease/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/blood ; Intestinal Perforation/surgery ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology ; Male ; Mesalamine/therapeutic use ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/immunology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed