The operation signature regulation in force in China means giving the right of signature agreeing to the operation to a third party including the patients family. This kind of practice not only goes against the principle of informed consent and relevant regulations as stipulated in the General Rules of the Civil Law of the Peoples Republic of China and the Contract Law of the Peoples Republic of China, but is also likely to cause medical disputes. For this reason, the signatory right agreeing to the operation ought to belong to the patient himself unless it is a legal matter.

Objective To investigate low-field MRU scanning technique to optimize the quality of images.Methods Airis-Ⅱcomfort open 0.3T low-field MR imaging system made by HITACHI company were used in the examination.The quality of images was improved when combining 3D-FSE sequences.Results MRU examination was implemented in all 33 cases and all the cases had distinct images except two.The total diagnostic accuracy was 98.0%.The accuracy of MRU in the detection of the degree and location of ureter obstruction was 100%.Conclusion This study shows that if patients are well-prepared before examination,low-field MR can also produce good MRU images of high quality by using manifold scanning techniques and suitable technical parameters.

ObjectiveTo study the method and effect of individualized education on children with learning disability (LD).Methods30 children during 7-10 year old in a local boarding elementary school were chosen and guided individually as the following: sensory integration dysfunction drill, subtle motion drill, life skills drill, cognitive capability drill, behavior therapy, game therapy, music therapy and parents education. One and a half year later, the index of Sensory Integration Rating Scales and study marks were determined and compared with that of the normal children.ResultsThere is not significant difference between the LD children and the normal ones in the sensory integration of behavior and the learning achievement.ConclusionIndividualized education is a valid approach improving the potentiality of the LD children\'s physiology and psychology.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the support for pharmacists in their clinical pharmaceutical care.METHODS:The hospital pharmaceutical care system was set up by employing Visual FoxPro6.0and developing series of database according to the characteristics of clinical pharmacy.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:This system has the characteristics of convenience,flexibility,and fastness,which can result in more scientific and accurate pharmaceutical care.

Objective To observe the effect of heat stress-induced burst out of reactive oxygen on neuronal apoptosis and investigate pathogenesis of brain damage caused by severe heat stroke.Methods Neurons heat stress model is set up.Control group were incubated at 37 ℃,5%CO2 ,While heat stress group of cells were incubated at 43 ℃for 2 h,then all the cells were further incubated at 37 ℃for different time as indicated.The amounts of ROS were assayed by DCFH staining at 0 h,0.5 h,1 h,2 h after heat stress.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and expression of caspase-3 were determined by westen blotat 0 h、3 h、6 h、12 h after heat stress.In addition,MnTMPyP is the specificscavengers of ROS,which effect on apoptosis is also studied at 12 h after heat stress.Results Compared with control group,amounts of ROS was significant increased at 0 h after heat stress,the burst out of it was at 2 h after heat stress (P<0.05 ).Apoptosis was induced at 3h after heat stress ,it was significant increased at 12 h after heat stress (43.2%,P<0.05 ).The expression of caspase-3 was also significant increased at 12 h after heat stress (P<0.05 ),and its trend was consistent with apoptosis rate trend.In addition,the scavengers MnTMPyP significantly decreased the apoptosis (47.42% to 18.45%, P<0.05 )and expression of caspase-3 at 12 h after heat stress.Conclusions An upstream signaling molecules,ROS could mediate heat stress-induced neuronal apoptosis,but its intermediate mechanism needs for further studies.

BACKGROUND: Fracture is the main clinical manifestation of osteoporosis. Thus, a safe, feasible and low cost bone mineral density(BMD) measurement can help to prevent the osteoporosis-related fracture and other osteoporosis-related complications in clinical practices.OBJECTIVE: Quantitative ultrasound(QUS) measurement systems have been employed to evaluate bone status in middle-aged and aged females for better diagnoses and the prevention of osteoporosis-related fracture.DESIGN: Case controlled trial based on patients and healthy individuals.SETTING: The study was conducted at the orthopedic department of a municipal hospital.PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in the Orthopedic Department of the Sixth People' s Hospital of Guangzhou from February to September in 2002. Seventy-four middle-aged and aged female patients, diagnosed with fracture, entered the study procedure. A control group of 218 age-matched postmenopausal women was recruited for comparison. The patients in the control group were divided into 5 subgroups: 41 - 50 years old, 51 -60 years old; 61 - 70 years old; ＞ 80 years old. Both the patients and the healthy controls were divided into several groups according to their ages. Then each of them was measured by QUS, and the results were analyzed and compared among all the groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the speed of sound(SOS) of all the patients and the healthy women in this study.RESULTS: BUA values of over 61 years old patient groups equaled to (58.2 ± 6. 8), (54.2 ± 4.8) and(47.8 ± 3.5) dB/MHz respectively. The values were significantly different from those of the control group( P ＜ 0. 01 ).The SOS values of the over-51-year-old patient groups were( 1489.6 ± 24. 3),(1486.6 ± 17.7), (1483.7 ± 18.4) and(1442.7 ± 18.3) m/s respectively. They were also significantly different from those of the control group( P＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: QUS measurement system not only can be used to obtain quantitative data of the bones but also can be used to evaluate the bone structure. It has various advantages such as no radiation, low cost and easiness of operation. It is a valuable method that can greatly contribute to early prediction, early diagnosis and timely treatment of osteoporosis-related fracture.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization in dental handpieces.METHODS Totally 240 pieces dental handpieces were divided into 8 groups in accordance with different ways of oiling and package,sterilized by Johnson STERRAD 100S low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilizer,and then inspected by sterility testing,rotational speed and appearance observation.RESULTS The result of sterility testing of dental handpieces in auto oiling group with 4 types of packages was negative,and the sterilization effect was reliable.After 10 cycles of low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization,the rotational speed of dental handpieces had no obvious decline and the appearance was quite intact without any corrosion.CONCLUSIONS The sterilization effect is reliable and the damage caused by low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization on dental handpieces is not found.

Objective To explore the effects of Xiefuzhuyu decoction on myocardial cellar apoptosis and expression of ICAM-1 gene protein in rats of experimental acute ischemic myocardium. Methods The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to make a model of acute ischemic myocardium. The changes in myocardial cellar apoptosis and the ICAM-1 gene expression were detected. Results The number of myocardium cellar apoptosis in Xiefuzhuyu group and Diaoxinxiekang group were significantly less than those of ischemic model group respectively. The number of myocyte necrotic cell increased in ischemic group. At the same time, the expression of ICAM-1 supported this condition. Conclusion Xiefuzhuyu decoction and Diaoxinxiekang can protect ischemic myocardium.

Objective To evaluate personal exposure level to PM2.5 of children living in one of districts of Beijing and to explore the possible influencing factors. Methods Thirty-six pupils were chosen from a primary school in the district. The PM2.5 level of classrooms,campuses and children's living rooms were monitored by Aerosol Monitor and 24 h time-active pattern and environmental information of living room of these pupils were collected at the same time. Each child's exposure level of PM2.5 was calculated by combining the environment PM2.5 monitor data and the children's 24 h time-active pattern. The possible influencing factors were analyzed by single factor analysis(Kruskal-Wall rank sum test and Spearman rank correlation analysis) and multiple linear regression models. Results The 24 h average exposure level of PM2.5 of 36 pupils was 98.13 ?g/m(341.22～121.13 ?g/m3) . The single factor analysis showed that the personal exposure level to PM2.5 was significantly related with air pollution index(API) (r =0.836,P

OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in Beijing dentists′ infection control(IC) practices in 2000 vs 2005.METHODS Data from questionaires of 647 dentists in 2000 and 592 dentists in 2005 were compared by using descriptive statistics and Person′s ?2.RESULTS Their response rates were 95.00%(2000) and 93.00%(2005).There were improvements in 2005 vs 2000 in reports of routine use of gloves(94.59% vs 73.31%);masks(56.78% vs 13.94%);and protective gown(38.87% vs 14.51%);change of gloves after each patient(93.47% vs 63.25%);vaccination for hepatitis B virus(HBV)(73.60% vs 32.66%);autoclave sterilization of dental handpieces after each patient(95.07% vs 41.24%);flushing waterlines after each use(70.78% vs 42.01%);and high-volume suction(44.92% vs 11.19%).CONCLUSIONS The compliance with recommended infection control procedures among Beijing dentists is improving in 2005 vs 2000.More education and inspection is needed to develop the infection control practices in dental health care settings.