PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a positive psychology program for improving positive thinking, ego resilience and stress coping of in nursing students. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects for the study were 78 students in G city(experimental group=41, control group=37). The positive psychology program was provided for 4 weeks (8 sessions, 16 hours). Positive thinking, ego resilience, and stress coping were measured with using self-report structured questionnaires. This study collected data between November 23, 2014 and January 9, 2015, and which were analyzed using SPSSWIN 20.0. RESULTS: The positive psychology program was effective in increasing positive thinking, ego resilience and stress coping. CONCLUSION: The results of this study should contribute as baseline data for positive intervention strategies and planning ability of potentials and strengths in nursing students.
Ego* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Psychology* ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nursing students in Korea who used concept mapping for understanding pathophysiology. METHODS: The data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire from 83 sophomore nursing students after studying concept mapping in pathophysiology class. Each group consisted of five nursing students submitting four concept maps regarding cell injury, inflammation, infection, and neoplasm. After familiarity with concept mapping, the participants wrote their experiences anonymously on sheets of paper. The submitted materials were analyzed via qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The collected materials were classified into 3 themes, 8 categories, and 18 subcategories. Three themes emerged: (1) awareness of capabilities, (2) difficulties of completion, and (3) benefits of application. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that participants experienced self-capabilities, and the difficulties and benefits of concept mapping. Concept mapping also provided the opportunity for nursing students to realize communication skill improvement by active group discussion within a group.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of personality characteristics and decision making type on the self-leadership of nursing students. METHODS: The participants were 336 nursing students using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations between self-leadership and extraversion (r=.50, p<.001), agreeableness (r=.22, p<.001), conscientiousness (r=.60, p<.001), openness to experience (r=.36, p<.001), and rational style (r=.47, p<.001). However the correlation between self-leadership and dependent style was significantly negative (r=-.11, p=.044). Conscientiousness (β=.60, p<.001), extraversion (β=.28, p<.001), and rational style (β=.21, p<.001), openness to experience (β=.18, p<.001), and degree of leadership level (β=.10, p=.020) were identified as factors affecting self-leadership. The explanation power of this regression model was 50.0% and it was statistically significant (F=67.52, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that effective self-leadership programs should be developed by including conscientiousness, extraversion, openness to experience, and rational decision making.
Decision Making* ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Humans ; Leadership ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of Iranian nursing students regarding their clinical learning environment (CLE). METHODS: Twenty-one nursing students participated in this qualitative study. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: Analysis of interviews identified six categories: educational confusion, absence of evaluation procedures, limited educational opportunities, inappropriate interactions with nursing staff, bullying culture, and discrimination. Systematic and consistent methods were not used in clinical education and evaluation of nursing students. In addition, there were inadequate interactions between nursing students and health-care staff, and most students experienced discrimination and bullying in clinical settings. CONCLUSION: Findings showed that the CLE of Iranian nursing students may be inadequate for high-level learning and safe and effective teaching. Addressing these challenges will require academic and practice partnerships to examine the systems affecting the CLE, and areas to be addressed are described in the six themes identified.
Bullying ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Iran ; Learning* ; Nursing Staff ; Nursing* ; Qualitative Research ; Students, Nursing*

INTRODUCTIONTo investigate the attitudes of medical and nursing student towards the older Chinese population.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA reliable and valid Chinese language version of Kogan's Attitudes toward Older People (KAOP) with 17 matched item pairs (34 items) was completed by 275 medical and nursing students. Descriptive data analysis was employed.

RESULTSParticipants reported slightly to have a more positive attitudes (Mean, 144.30 +/- 17.89) than those reported from studies in other countries (Jordanian: Mean, 110.6 +/- 21.79). Students who were females (Mean, 148.27 +/- 18.97), younger (Mean, 146.01 +/- 18.59) and studying nursing (Mean, 156.86 +/- 17.56) were more likely to have a more positive attitudes than older (Mean, 140.04 +/- 15.31), males (Mean, 140.47 +/- 15.93), studying medicine (Mean, 138.77 +/- 15.04).

DISCUSSIONResults show that students may have greater ambivalence attitudes on 10 out of 17 matched item pairs which provides useful information for faculty involved in aged care curriculum design. Working as a volunteer in the university hospital may increase students' interactions with the elderly and may positively influence attitudes towards the elderly.

Aged ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Students, Medical ; psychology ; Students, Nursing ; psychology ; Taiwan

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze death attitudes of students majoring in the human service area, such as nursing science, education, and social welfare. METHOD: The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. The 38 selected Q-statements from each of 42 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. RESULT: Four types of death attitudes for research subjects in nursing, education, and social welfare areas were identified. Type I is fatalistic admission, Type II is pursuit of existential life, Type III is uncertainty of life after death, and Type IV is separation-connection between life and death. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that different approaches of death educational programs are recommended based on the four types of death attitudes.
Teaching ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Students/*psychology ; Social Work/*education ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; *Attitude to Death ; Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of aroma inhalation on stress responses (physical symptoms, levels of anxiety, perceived stresses)of nursing students. METHOD: This study was a quasi-experimental research using anon-equivalent pre-post design and was conducted from June 1 to June 5, 2002. The subjects consisted of 77 junior nursing students who were divided into 39 experimental group members and 38 control group members. A pretest and Post-test were conducted to measure body symptoms, the level of anxiety, and the level of perceived stress. In the experimental group, aromas were given using an aroma lamp, lavender, peppermint, rosemary and Clary-Sage. In the control group, the treatment was not administered. RESULT: As a result of administering aroma inhalation to nursing students, their physical symptoms decreased, their anxiety scores were low, and their perceived stress scores were low, showing that aroma inhalation could be a very effective stress management method. CONCLUSION: Nursing educators should play an important role in contributing to college students' physical and psychological health by helping enhance their recognition of stress management and effectively relieving their stress using essential oils.
*Aromatherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Stress, Psychological/*therapy ; Students, Nursing/*psychology

PURPOSE: This study was done to describe the countertransference experience of nursing students in psychiatric nursing practice. METHODS: Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 participants who were women nursing students. RESULTS: The core category was “narrowing mind distance with patients by exploring countertransference”. The countertransference experience process consisted of four sequential phases: exploring a countertransference, managing a countertransference, increasing understanding of patients, and establishing a trusting relationship. CONCLUSION: The results from the study contribute to promoting understanding of the countertransference experience of nursing students' during nursing practise and should be helpful in therapeutic communication competence education.
Countertransference (Psychology)* ; Education ; Female ; Grounded Theory ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Nursing* ; Psychiatric Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the learning style, learning efficacy, transfer of learning, and confidence in performance competence of Core Basic Nursing Skills (CBNS) and factors influencing confidence in performance competence of CBNS by nursing students. METHODS: A descriptive study design was used. Participants were 148 nursing students. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, correlation and regression. RESULTS: Learning styles of the participants were assimilator 33.11%, accommodator 26.35%, diverger 23.65%, and converger 16.89%. Learning efficacy was significantly different according to learning styles, however, transfer of learning and confidence in performance competence of CBNS were not significantly different according to learning styles. Confidence in performance competence of CBNS positively correlated with transfer of learning and learning efficacy. Transfer of learning was a significant predictor of confidence in performance competence of CBNS. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that transfer of learning influences confidence in performance competence of CBNS. Thus, nursing faculty should develop educational strategies to enhance and improve transfer of learning, and development of effective confidence in performance competence of CBNS programs.
Clinical Competence ; Faculty, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Mental Competency* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing* ; Transfer (Psychology)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a revised version of the clinical critical thinking skills test (CCTS) and to subsequently validate its performance. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of the CCTS. Data were obtained from a convenience sample of 284 college students in June 2011. Thirty items were analyzed using item response theory and test reliability was assessed. Test-retest reliability was measured using the results of 20 nursing college and graduate school students in July 2013. The content validity of the revised items was analyzed by calculating the degree of agreement between instrument developer intention in item development and the judgments of six experts. To analyze response process validity, qualitative data related to the response processes of nine nursing college students obtained through cognitive interviews were analyzed. RESULTS: Out of initial 30 items, 11 items were excluded after the analysis of difficulty and discrimination parameter. When the 19 items of the revised version of the CCTS were analyzed, levels of item difficulty were found to be relatively low and levels of discrimination were found to be appropriate or high. The degree of agreement between item developer intention and expert judgments equaled or exceeded 50%. CONCLUSION: From above results, evidence of the response process validity was demonstrated, indicating that subjects respondeds as intended by the test developer. The revised 19-item CCTS was found to have sufficient reliability and validity and will therefore represents a more convenient measurement of critical thinking ability.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Intention ; Judgment ; Nursing* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking*