As the progenitor of most cell components in the hematopoietic microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity. Through direct interaction with hematopoietic cells, secreting extracellular matrix and factors, MSC maintain the integrity of hematopoietic microenvironment and regulate hematopoiesis accurately. This review summarized the function of MSC in hematopoietic regulation, such as secretion of cytokines supporting hematopoiesis, MSC expression and adhesion molecules interacting with hematopoietic cells, and supportive effects of transplantation combining MSC with HSC on hematopoietic reconstruction, and its clinical perspectives.
Cell Communication ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; Hematopoiesis ; physiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; physiology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells which can support hematopoiesis, have immunomodulatory property, may differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes, and specifically migrate to damage sites and tumor site, but the mechanism involved in the regulation of migration of MSCs still remains unelucidated. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying MSCs migration holds the promise of developing novel clinical strategies which can deliver antitumor proteins to suppress tumor growth. In this review, the MSC migration in vitro mediated by growth factors, chemokines, adhesion molecules and toll-like receptors are summarized.
Cell Movement ; physiology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism

Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; physiology ; Animals ; Humans ; Leptin ; physiology ; Stromal Cells ; physiology

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Humans ; Immunity ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology

Mesothelial cells (MCs) cover the surface of visceral organs and the parietal walls of cavities, and they synthesize lubricating fluids to create a slippery surface that facilitates movement between organs without friction. Recent studies have indicated that MCs play active roles in liver development, fibrosis, and regeneration. During liver development, the mesoderm produces MCs that form a single epithelial layer of the mesothelium. MCs exhibit an intermediate phenotype between epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. Lineage tracing studies have indicated that during liver development, MCs act as mesenchymal progenitor cells that produce hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts around blood vessels, and smooth muscle cells. Upon liver injury, MCs migrate inward from the liver surface and produce hepatic stellate cells or myofibroblast depending on the etiology, suggesting that MCs are the source of myofibroblasts in capsular fibrosis. Similar to the activation of hepatic stellate cells, transforming growth factor β induces the conversion of MCs into myofibroblasts. Further elucidation of the biological and molecular changes involved in MC activation and fibrogenesis will contribute to the development of novel approaches for the prevention and therapy of liver fibrosis.
Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Hepatic Stellate Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Liver/*cytology/injuries/*physiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/etiology/prevention & control ; Liver Regeneration/*physiology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/physiology ; Myofibroblasts/physiology

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) is one of the crucial cell types which plays roles in wound healing of tissues. In the last decades, it was believed that BMSCs promoted wound healing by differentiating into multiple lineages and placing the wounded tissues. In recent years, a new viewpoint arose from evidences that the paracrine effect of BMSCs might play a more important role in the process of wound healing than differentiation. Understanding the role of BMSCs paracrine in wound healing would be vital to clarify the mechanism how BMSCs take part into the process of wound healing. In this paper, we review the new research processes of BMSCs paracrine in wound healing of tissues.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Paracrine Communication ; physiology ; Wound Healing ; physiology

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endocellular proteolytic enzymes. They are so named because they need Ca2+, Zn2+ and other metal ions as their cofactors. MMPs play an important biological role in regulating the formation, remodeling and degradation of extracellular matrix and participate in various physiological and pathological processes of cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cell which has the ability to self-renew and differentiate into functional cells. Meanwhile, they can respond to the damage signals and migrate to injured site for tissue repair and regeneration. MMPs and their inhibitors TIMPs affect the differentiation and migration of BMSCs. This article reviews the roles of MMPs in differentiation and migration of BMSCs.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Movement ; physiology ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; physiology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology

This study was aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of osteoblasts and their hematopoietic supportive function by using human fetal osteoblastic cell line 1.19 (hFOBs) as a model. The pluripotency markers (Oct-4, Rex-1, hTERT) of hFOBs were analyzed by RT-PCR, the multilineage differentiation experiments were conducted in vitro. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to identify the surface markers of hFOBs, and RT-PCR was used to analyze their hematopoietic cytokine expression in comparison with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC). The results showed that hFOBs expressed several ESC pluripotency markers including Oct-4 and Rex-1, except hTERT. Moreover, hFOBs could also undergo multilineage differentiation into the mesodermal lineages of adipocytic cell types in addition to its predetermined pathway, the mature osteoblast. Both hFOBs and BM-MSC expressed CD44, CD73 (SH3), CD105 (SH2) and CD90 (Thy1), and lack expression of CD34, CD45, or HLA-DR surface molecules. In addition, both hFOBs and BM-MSC expressed SCF, IL-6, and SDF-1alpha mRNA, but only hFOBs could express GM-CSF and G-CSF. It is concluded that human fetal osteoblastic cell line 1.19 may provide a good model to study the osteoblastic regulation role in hematopoiesis in vitro.
Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Line ; Fetus ; Hematopoiesis ; physiology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Models, Biological ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; physiology

BACKGROUNDNowadays bone marrow represents the main source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We identified a new population of MSCs derived from human placenta and compared its biological characterization with bone marrow derived MSCs.

METHODSMononucleated cells (MNC) were isolated from the human placenta tissue perfusate by density gradient fractionation. Individual colonies were selected and cultured in tissue dishes. At the same time, human bone marrow derived MSCs were identified. Culture-expanded cells were characterized by immune phenotyping and cultured under conditions promoting differentiation to osteoblasts or adipocytes. The hematopoietic cytokines were assayed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSHuman placental MSCs exhibited fibroblastoid morphology. Flow cytometric analyses showed that the placental MSC were CD29, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD166, HLA-ABC positive; but were negative for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. Functionally, they could be induced into adipocytes or osteocytes. Moreover, several hematopoietic cytokine mRNA was found in placenta-derived MSCs by RT-PCR analysis, including IL-6, M-CSF, Flt3-ligand and SCF. These results were consistent with the properties of bone marrow derived MSCs.

CONCLUSIONThese observations implicate the postpartum human placenta as an important and novel source of multipotent stem cells that could potentially be used for investigating mesenchymal differentiation and regulation of hematopoiesis.

Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Placenta ; cytology ; Pregnancy

To elucidate the effect of established primary bone marrow stromal layers on the gene transduction of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPC), mononuclear cells (MNC) from adult bone marrow were isolated by centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients and plated in stromal culture medium. The cells were incubated until passage 4 to establish primary stromal layers. The HSC/HPC prestimulated by cytokines were transduced by retroviral supernatant containing mdr1 gene in presence of irradiated stroma-contact support. Transduced cells were plated in a colony-forming unit assay with and without vincristine (VCR) to assess the efficiency of transduction. Individual colonies were also analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of provirus. The results showed that the mixed adherent cell layers were formed when adult bone marrow stromal cells were incubated for four to six weeks, mainly being composed of fibroblasts. In the presence of stroma-contact support, the average of gene transduction efficiency in marrow-derived progenitors increased 2.1 to 3.3 folds measured by colony-forming assay and/or PCR, significantly higher than those without support of stroma. It is concluded that the presence of bone marrow stroma support in combination with cytokine facilitates augmenting the extent of retroviral-mediated gene transduction.
Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Genes, MDR ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Retroviridae ; genetics ; Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Transduction, Genetic