Study on 20 stroke patients. Results: Mean values of Quicki and Homa indices were 0.50±0.02 and 3.73±2.63. The overall correlation between Quicki and Go was very high (r:-0.91; p<0.001) comparing with the correlation between Homa and Go (:0.79; p<0.001). Both Quicki and Homa indices correlated strongly with Io (r:-0.88; p<0.001 and r: 0.97; p<0.001). The overall correlation between Quicki and Homa was very high (r:-0.94; p<0.001).Quicki and Homa indices are simple, acceptable and indirect methods for evaluating the insulin-resistant state of troke patients.
Stroke ; Insulin ; Epidemiology

Humans ; Stroke ; epidemiology

China ; epidemiology ; Heat Stroke ; epidemiology ; Humans

Objectives: In the Philippines, an estimated half million are affected annually by stroke. It is the third most common cause of mortality among Filipinos. Locally, there are limited data on the epidemiology of stroke in the country. This study aimed to study cerebrovascular disease in the rural setting in the country, primarily exploring the demographic characteristics, risk factors, clinical profile, and outcomes of patients assessed with cerebrovascular disease in the province of Sorsogon. Methods: This was a retrospective study of all adult patients admitted to two tertiary hospitals in Sorsogon between February 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021, with a stroke diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Revision 10). A manual review of the charts and demographics, risk factors, clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, and outcome were recorded. Results: A total of 721 cases with a mean age of 63.06 ± 13.96 years were involved in the analysis. Of all the stroke cases, 64.7% were ischemic, and 29.7% were hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factors for stroke occurrence were hypertension (65%), history of stroke (16.2%), and diabetes (11.4%). Most sought consultation was due to one-sided weakness (41.3%) and slurring speech (14.2%). Conclusion In a third-class province in the Philippines, the most common type of stroke was an ischemic stroke. Analysis showed that diabetes was more associated with ischemia while hypertension was significantly associated with hemorrhagic stroke. A mortality rate of 26.8% was seen in this cerebrovascular disease population.
stroke ; risk factors ; Philippines ; rural ; epidemiology

Background: Various epidemiologic studies reported different stroke incidence and prevalence rates in the Philippines. Thus, there is a need to synthesize existing information on these indicators to depict more accurate evidence on the burden on stroke in the country. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to provide evidence on the incidence and prevalence of stroke in the Philippines, as well as its associated risk factors. Methods: PubMed and HERDIN were searched for available full-text Philippine epidemiologic studies on stroke incidence and prevalence, whether population or hospital-based, and its associated risk factors. We used three tools for risk of bias assessment, namely, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cohort studies, the Quality assessment checklist of Hoy et al. for cross-sectional prevalence studies, and the AXIS tool for general cross-sectional studies. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in this review. Based on these studies, the national stroke incidence rate ranged from 3.95% to 5.61%, while the national stroke prevalence rate ranged from 0.486% to 6.0%. Hypertension remains the commonly reported risk factor of stroke alongside diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol level. Conclusions Despite limitations, we were able to perform a complete assessment of the risk of bias in included studies which provide information on the studies with reliable information. Based on this systematic review, there is variability on data and limited studies on the national epidemiology of stroke in the Philippines. It is recommended that the national government consider establishing a system such as a national registry for better data collection and analysis.
Systematic Review ; Stroke ; Prevalence ; Incidence ; Epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo validate efficacy of cerebrovascular hemodynamic synthesized score (CVHS) for screening high risk population of stroke and relative risk (RR) for predicting stroke.

METHODSParticipants aged > or = 40 years and free of stroke were cluster sampled from Beijing, Shanghai, Fuzhou and Tangshan city in 5 centers. Investigation of risk factors of stroke and examination of cerebrovascular hemodynamic were carried out during baseline, and stroke incidence was surveyed during follow up. 26 690 people aged > or = 40 years were recruited, and 24 253 people agreed to participate (90.87%) with the effect as 23 741. Cerebral blood vessel analyzer (CBA) CV 300 was used to measure cerebrovascular hemodynamic synthesized index, including quantity of mean blood flow (Q(mean)), velocity of maximum blood flow (V(max)), velocity of minimus blood flow (V(min)), velocity of mean blood flow (V(mean)) pulse wave velocity (Wv), characteristic impedance of cerebrovascular net (Zcv), dilatation index (DI), resistance of vascular (Rv), development resistance (DR), capillary pressure (Cp), differential pressure (Dp). The CVHS was calculated by software according to the index measured directly.

RESULTSThere were 48 481 person-year followed and 182 stroke incidence occurred. Incidence of stroke was 3.75/1000 person-year in the multiple source people who aged > or = 40 years. Uni-variant analysis indicated that age and gender adjusted relative risk (RR) for stroke of low CVHS (< 75) was 9.3. There was significant dosage response between CVHS and RR of stroke. Multiple Cox regression showed that CVHS was the strongest predictive factor. Screening test evaluation showed that sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Youden index of CVHS for screening were 80.77%, 67.55%, 67.65% and 0.48, respectively. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.806.

CONCLUSIONIt seems that CVHS was the strongest and independent predictor of stroke and the efficacy for screening high risk population was also satisfactory. This kind of screening test could be an useful measure for preventing of the stroke occurrence.

China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Disease ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; epidemiology

A nationwide survey was conducted from October 2018 to September 2019 to assess the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) and its influencing factors in China. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information. Hhcy was defined as the level of serum homocysteine (HCY) ⩾ 15.0µmol/L. The H-type hypertension (HHYP) was defined as hypertension with an elevated serum HCY 15.0µmol/L). Finally, 110 551 residents ⩾ 40 years of age from 31 provinces in the mainland of China were included. Overall, the median serum HCY level was 10.9µmol/L (interquartile range 7.9-15.1). A total of 28 633 participants (25.9%) were defined as Hhcy. The Hhcy prevalence ranged from 7.9% in Shanghai to 56.8% in Tianjin. The data showed that serum HCY levels were associated with age, male gender, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, ethnicity, endurance in exercise (inverse), and fruit and vegetable intake (inverse). In addition, 15 486 participants were defined as HHYP, and the rate was 14.0%. HHYP was an independent predictor of stroke with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.752 (95% CI 1.338-2.105). The geographical distribution pattern of the Hhcy epidemic reflects dynamic differences, and national strategies should be carried out to further improve the care of patients with Hhcy across China.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia/epidemiology* ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/epidemiology*

Objective: To describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption and the burden of hemorrhagic stroke and hypertensive heart disease attributed to alcohol consumption in adults aged ≥20 years in 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018. Methods: Data from several national representative surveys was used to estimate provincial alcohol exposure level of adults aged ≥20 years from 2005 to 2018 by using kriging interpolation and locally weighted regression methods. Global disease burden research method and data, and China's death cause surveillance data were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of hemorrhagic stroke and hypertensive heart disease and the deaths due to alcohol consumption in men and women aged ≥20 years in 31 provinces in China. China census data of 2010 were used to calculate the attributable standardized mortality rate. Results: In 2005 and 2018, the prevalence of alcohol consumption was 58.7% (95%CI: 57.8%-59.5%) and 58.4% (95%CI: 57.6%-59.3%), respectively, in men and 17.0% (95%CI: 16.6%-17.4%) and 18.7% (95%CI:18.1%-19.3%), respectively, in women. The daily alcohol intake was 24.6 (95%CI: 23.8-25.3) g and 27.7 (95%CI: 26.8-28.7) g, respectively, in men and 6.3 (95%CI: 6.0-6.5) g and 5.3 (95%CI: 5.0-5.6) g, respectively, in women. Alcohol exposure level was higher in the provinces in central and eastern China than in western provinces. The lowest exposure level was found in northwestern provinces. From 2005 to 2018, the PAF of hemorrhagic stroke death due to alcohol consumption increased from 5.5% to 6.8%, the attributable deaths increased from 50 200 to 59 100, while the PAF of hypertensive heart disease death due to alcohol consumption increased from 7.0% to 7.7%, the attributable deaths increased from 15 200 to 29 300. The PAF of hypertensive heart disease and hemorrhagic stroke was higher in men than in women, and in central and eastern provinces than in western provinces. In 2018, the standardized mortality rates of hemorrhagic stroke and hypertensive heart disease attributed to alcohol consumption were 4.58/100 000 and 2.11/100 000, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in men and daily alcohol intake of drinkers were relatively high in China, especially in eastern provinces. Alcohol exposure level was lower in women than in men. Regional measures should be taken to reduce the alcohol intakes in men and current drinkers in order to reduce the health problems caused by alcohol consumption.
Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Stroke ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology* ; Heart Diseases/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology*

Being the leading cause of death among both urban and rural residents in Hunan Province, China, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases hold a significant position in the region's public health landscape. Their prevalence and impact not only underscore the urgency of effective disease prevention and control but also provide crucial guidance for future initiatives. Consequently, the Hunan Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Health and Disease Report Summary (2020) hereinafter referred to as the "Annual Report", serves as an extensive and informative document. It meticulously examines the current status of these diseases, highlighting both the existing challenges and opportunities for prevention and control efforts in Hunan Province. The primary objective of this report is to furnish valuable insights and evidence that will empower and enrich future endeavors aimed at combatting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases within the region. In 2017, the year of life expectancy lost due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Hunan Province remained higher than the national average. Additionally, the per capita life expectancy in 2019 (77.1 years) was slightly lower by 0.2 years compared with the national average (77.3 years). Alarmingly, the mortality rates associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were consistently ranking highest, indicating an upward trajectory. Moreover, the prevalence and mortality rates of conditions such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke, all encompassed within the domain of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, surpassed the national averages. Consequently, the economic burden attributable to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is on the rise. And under vertical comparison, in 2019, the life expectancy per capita in Hunan Province increased by 1.26 years compared with 2015. The incidence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events decreased by 8.34% compared with 2017. A new model of hypertension medical and preventive integration has been established with the efforts of many experts in Hunan Province, and full coverage of standardised outpatient clinics for hypertension at the grassroots level has been realised. The rate of standardised management of patients with hypertension under management in Changsha County, a demonstration area, rose to 65.27%, and the incidence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, the incidence rate of stroke, and the mortality rate due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were reduced by 28.08%, 28.62%, and 25.00%, respectively. Hunan Province has made significant strides in the prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in recent years.
Humans ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; Life Expectancy ; Incidence ; Stroke/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Hypertension