In forensic psychiatric evaluation, experts frequently need to assess the contribution degree of hurting factors to the victims. The contribution degree reflects the extent of hurt caused by the injurer and is the quantitative index of the responsibility which should be undertaken by the injurer. It is also important evidence for the judgement. Presently, there is no accepted and practicable quantitative tool to reflect the objective contribution degree. This article reviews domestic and international researches on the contribution degree of hurting factors in mental injury, including the concept, connotation, related assessment methods, problems in assessment and its future study trend.
Age Factors ; Brain Injuries/complications* ; Expert Testimony ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Mental Disorders/psychology* ; Psychology, Social ; Sex Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology* ; Wounds and Injuries/complications*

PURPOSE: This study compared the mental symptoms, especially symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), of women who escaped prostitution, helping activists at shelters, and matched control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed 113 female ex-prostitutes who had been living at a shelter, 81 helping activists, and 65 control subjects using self-reporting questionnaires on demographic data, symptoms related to trauma and PTSD, stress-related reactions, and other mental health factors. RESULTS: Female ex-prostitutes had significantly higher stress response, somatization, depression, fatigue, frustration, sleep, smoking and alcohol problems, and more frequent and serious PTSD symptoms than the other 2 groups. Helping activists also had significantly higher tension, sleep and smoking problems, and more frequent and serious PTSD symptoms than control subjects. CONCLUSION: These findings show that engagement in prostitution may increase the risks of exposure to violence, which may psychologically traumatize not only the prostitutes themselves but also the people who help them, and that the effects of the trauma last for a long time. Future research is needed to develop a method to assess specific factors that may contribute to vicarious trauma of prostitution, and protect field workers of prostitute victims from vicarious trauma.
Adult ; Alcoholism/etiology/psychology ; Depression/etiology/psychology ; Fatigue/etiology/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/etiology/psychology ; *Mental Health ; Prostitution/*psychology ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/psychology ; *Social Work ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications/*psychology ; Stress, Psychological/complications

It is very difficult to identify the relationships between tangle events and accompanied mental disorders. There are often different descriptions of the same controversial conclusion. This thesis introduce the conception of contribute degree and discusses the causality of tangle events and accompanied mental disorders in forensic mental trauma assessments.
Forensic Psychiatry/methods* ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Mental Disorders/psychology* ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Schizophrenia/etiology* ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology* ; Wounds and Injuries/complications*

OBJECTIVE: To determine the family member's depression status and its influencing factors in the patient with mental disorder caused by cerebral trauma. METHODS: The self-designed information questionnaire and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to investigate 245 family members' depression conditions. On the basis of SDS score index, all cases were divided into depression group and non-depression group. The data were analyzed by the univariate analysis and multiple factors regression analysis. RESULTS: In the 245 family members, 117 family members had different degrees of depressive symptoms including 68 with mild depression, 42 with moderate depression, and 7 with severe depression. In the multiple factors regression analysis, genetic relationship, personality characteristics and payment method were the main influencing factors of the depression status. CONCLUSION Much attention should be paid to the family member's depression condition of the patient with mental disorder caused by cerebral trauma through specific psychological intervention.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Brain Injuries/complications* ; Depression/psychology* ; Family/psychology* ; Family Relations ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology* ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; Severity of Illness Index ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was designed to measure post-traumatic symptoms related to childbirth and symptoms during postnatal period. The purpose of this study was to develop a translated Korean version of the PPQ and to evaluate reliability and validity of the Korean PPQ. METHODS: Participants were 196 mothers at one to 18 months after giving childbirth and data were collected through e-mails. The PPQ was translated into Korean using translation guideline from World Health Organization. For this study Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the PPQ. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and known-group validity were conducted to examine construct validity. Correlations of the PPQ with Impact of Event Scale (IES), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to test a criterion validity of the PPQ. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown split-half correlation coefficient were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. EFA identified a 3-factor solution including arousal, avoidance, and intrusion factors and CFA revealed the strongest support for the 3-factor model. The correlations of the PPQ with IES, BDI-II, and BAI were .99, .60, and .72, respectively, pointing to criterion validity of a high level. CONCLUSION: The Korean version PPQ is a useful tool for screening and assessing mothers' experiencing emotional distress related to child birth and during the postnatal period. The PPQ also reflects Post Traumatic Stress Disorder's diagnostic standards well.
Adult ; Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Depression/pathology ; Electronic Mail ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Mothers/psychology ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; *Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Republic of Korea ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Translating