Humans ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/etiology* ; Electrocardiography ; Stress, Psychological/complications*

OBJECTIVES: This descriptive study was conducted to examine the degree of stress, coping styles, communication with the mother and depression between headache-suffering children and headache-free children and to explore predicted factors for headache occurrence in children. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 196 headache-free children and 107 headache-suffering children. They were 4th-6th graders of an elementary school in T city. The instruments in this study were David's stressor of children, Lazarus & Folkman's Stress Coping Style, PACI (Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory) by Barnes & Olsen and Kovac's CDI (Children's depression inventory). Data were collected from May 2 to July 16, 2004. RESULTS: Total stress(t=-3.76, p=.035), school stress(t=-3.02, p=.001), mass media stress(t=-1.39, p=.029) and depression(t=7.62, p=.001) in headache-suffering children were significantly higher than those of headache-free children. Problem-oriented coping skills (t=1.23, p=.023), and the score of communication with the mother (t=2.32, p=.012) in headache-suffering children were lower than those of headache-free children. Logistic regression analysis (stepwise) showed that the most powerful predictor was stressors in school, followed by depression, stressors in mass media and communication with the mother. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that important factors such as the degree of school stress, depression, the degree of mass media stress, communication with the mother and problem-oriented coping skills should be controlled for reducing of headaches in children.
Stress, Psychological/complications ; Mother-Child Relations ; Male ; Humans ; Headache/etiology/*psychology ; Female ; Child ; Adaptation, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine stress, coping, and immune response effects of a psychosocial intervention program based on the PNI model and Stress-Appraisal-Coping for Korean patients with breast cancer. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants who had survived breast cancer and lived in Wonju city and the surrounding area were assigned to an intervention group (N=21) or a control group(N=18).We conducted a 12-week intervention, 2 hours a day weekly, and measured the variables at baseline, six and twelve weeks later. Dependent variables are: stress, anxiety-depression and anger, and immune response. RESULTS: Patients in the psychosocial intervention program reported significantly less stress perception (U=31.500, p=.023), more problem solving ability and less problem avoidance in coping (U=20.500, p= .013; U=29.500, p=.040), and less anxiety-depression (U=22.000, p=.023). No difference, however, was found in anger and immune responses between the two groups. Intervention effects were evident at week 6 and 12 for anxiety-depression, and at week 6 for problem avoidance in coping, the same time that NK cell counts and the T8 decreased. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested positive effects of a psychosocial intervention program. However, the results are inconclusive due to the small sample.
Stress, Psychological/etiology/*therapy ; *Social Support ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/*psychology ; Adult ; *Adaptation, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing Symptoms of Stress among hospital staff nurses. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 249 hospital staff nurses in three General Hospital. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The score of the symptoms of stress showed a significantly positive correlation with the score of work stress(r=.22, p=.00). The symptoms of stress showed a significantly negative correlation with the score of social support(r=-.28, p=.00), self efficacy(r=-.31, p=.00), and hardiness(r=-.24, p=.00). The most powerful predictor of symptoms of stress was social support and the variance explained was 16%. A combination of social support, ways of coping, and work stress account for 32% of the variance in symptoms of stress among hospital staff nurses. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that social support, ways of coping, self efficacy, hardiness, and work stress are significantly influencing factors on symptoms of stress among hospital staff nurses.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Self Efficacy ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological/diagnosis/etiology/*psychology

OBJECTIVEIdentifying the stressors, coping strategies, and psychosocial state of children with chronic illness would be very useful to help them to adapt to chronic medical conditions. This study aimed to investigate the stressors, coping strategies, and psychosocial state of Chinese children with chronic illness.

METHODSTwo hundred and three children with chronic illness and aged 8-16 years were administered a semi-structured interview for the identification of stressors. Children's coping strategies and psychosocial state were investigated by the Coping with a Disease (CODI) scale, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) scale, and the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC).

RESULTSThe stressors in children with chronic illness mainly included four aspects: school performance, medication and treatment, daily life, and peer relationships. "Wishful thinking" was the most common coping strategy, followed by "acceptance". "Negative emotional reaction" was rarely seen in children with chronic illness. The scores of anxiety and depression scales of children with chronic illness were higher than those of the norm. The prevalence of anxiety disorders was 43.8%, the prevalence of depression disorders was 30.0%, and 26.1% of the children had both anxiety and depression disorders.

CONCLUSIONSChildren with chronic illness have many stressors. Though they usually use active coping strategies, the prevalence of anxiety disorders and the prevalence of depression disorders were high.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Anxiety ; epidemiology ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; psychology ; Depression ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Stress, Psychological ; etiology

PURPOSE: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effects of family support programs on caregiving burden, depression, and stress in family caregivers of people with dementia. METHODS: A literature search was conducted of electronic databases to identify randomized controlled studies with family support programs done between 2000 and 2014. Studies published in English and/or Korean were included for the analysis with search strategies adapted from the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group. Studies were rated for quality assessment by two independent reviewers using the appraisal checklist developed by Cochrane Reviews and Dissemination. Of 8,334 articles identified in the literature search, full texts of 76 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed and 38 were found to include relevant outcomes. RESULTS: Results from selected studies were pooled in statistical meta-analysis using Review Manager Software and heterogeneity between combined studies was assessed using the Chisquare test. Meta-analysis showed that the effect sizes of family caregiver support programs were small to medium for categories of caregiving burden (Hedge's g= - 0.17, 95% CI= - 0.30~ - 0.04), depression (Hedge's g= - 0.30, 95% CI= - 0.40~ - 0.20), and stress (Hedge's g= - 0.39, 95% CI= - 0.52~ - 0.25). CONCLUSION: The review results indicate that a support programs can assist family caregivers in reducing their psycho-emotional distress.
Caregivers/*psychology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Databases, Factual ; Dementia/*pathology ; Depression/*etiology ; Humans ; *Program Evaluation ; *Stress, Psychological

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is described as an acute cardiomyopathy that occurs under the influence of an excessive level of catecholamine related to intense emotional stress. A 64-year-old woman presented with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction after emotional upset, but her coronary angiographic findings were revealed to be normal. Diffuse T wave inversions were observed in her electrocardiograms with akinetic wall motions sparing the basal segments in her left ventriculography. After four months, her electrocardiogram and echocardiogram findings had completely returned to normal. The precise diagnosis of this acute cardiomyopathy must be emphasized because it can initially be misdiagnosed as acute coronary syndromes. However in complete contrast to acute myocardial infarction, it has a rapid and favorable recovery with hardly any sequelae after a few months.
Case Report ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Human ; Middle Age ; Myocardial Diseases/*complications ; Myocardial Infarction/*etiology ; Stress, Psychological/*complications

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship between stress, social support and depression in the elderly. METHOD: The subjects were 283 elderly adults over 60 in Seoul. Data was collected by questionnaire surveys using convenience sampling. The instruments used in this study are the ELSI developed by Aldwin(1990), the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List developed by Cohen & Hoberman (1983), and the Geriatric Depression Scale by Yesavage & Brink(1982). Data was analyzed by the SAS program, using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and progressed Multiple Regression. RESULT: The relationship between stress and depression had a positive correlation (r= 0.33), but the relationship between stress and social support had no significant correlations. The relationship between social support and depression had a negative correlation (r= -0.38). The most powerful predictor of depression was the economic status and then a combination of stress, and social support account for 39% of the variance in depression in the elderly. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that stress and social support deficits can be potential risk factors in old age depression. Therefore, these findings give useful information for constructing an intervention program focused on depression in the elderly.
Aged ; Depression/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Social Support ; Stress, Psychological/*complications

Acute Disease ; Aged ; Cardiomyopathies ; etiology ; pathology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Stress, Psychological ; complications

To discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, therapies and prescriptions of psycho-cardiological abnormality of patients with coronary heart disease. According to the advance in modern diagnosis and treatment, the authors believed that psycho-cardiological abnormality of patients with coronary heart disease is closely related with mental stresses, like anxiety, depression and insomnia. It is mostly caused by emotional injury and expressed in heart, liver, spleen and kidney. The pathogenesis is heart-liver hyperactivity, yin deficiency in heart and kidney, and insufficiency in heart and spleen. The full recognition of etiology and pathogenesis of psycho-cardiological abnormality of patients with coronary heart disease and the combined treatment of disease and syndromes are of great significance to reduce mental stress and other risk factors, prevent and treat coronary heart disease and improve prognosis.
Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Stress, Psychological ; drug therapy ; etiology