The aim of the study is to explore exogenous S3307 on alleviating low-temperature stress of coix seedlings. The coix cultivar, "No 5 Yiliao", was selected as the plant material, through nutrient solution cultivating in greenhouse, the effect of different S3307 concentrations(1, 3, 5, 7, 9 mg·L~(-1)) on coix seedlings traits and physiological indicators were explored under low-temperature stress. The results showed, under low-temperature 5 mg·L~(-1) S3307 could significantly increase coix seedlings stem diameter and biomass, which stem diameter and above-ground biomass, low-ground biomass separately were enhanced 11.90%, 13.59%, 10.99%. Leaf width and lateral root number separately were enhanced 7.63%, 37.52%. Meanwhile, addition of 5 mg·L~(-1) S3307 could significantly reduce relative conductivity and MDA, separately being reduced 23.33%, 17.42% compared to CKL. S3307 could also significantly increase soluble sugar and proline content, which leaf soluble sugar and proline content separately were enhanced 17.16%, 11.87%, which root soluble sugar and proline content separately were enhanced 20.00%, 33.42%. Additionally, S3307 could alleviate the cells destroy in ultra-structure level by improving cell membrane structure and chloroplast capsule layer structure. 5 mg·L~(-1) S3307 could enhance the low temperature tolerance of coix seedlings by regulating the growth and physiological indexes, and thus alleviate the damage caused by low-temperature to the coix seedlings.
Coix ; drug effects ; Cold Temperature ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; Stress, Physiological ; Triazoles ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of exogenous Ca2+ on protective infection of Pinellia ternata and accumulation of major components under high temperature stress.

METHODThe soilless cultivation experiment was applied, stress resistance index of P. ternata leaves, statistics the rate of lodge P. ternata,the content of oxalate in different places in the plant, the content of total alkaloids, total organic acids and glucosine in P. ternata tubers were measured based on different concentrations of exogenous Ca2+.

RESULTThe test results showed that, at lower concentrations of Ca2+ treatments, the rate of lodge P. ternata was higher than that of the others. With Ca2+ concentration increasing, activities of SOD and POD initially increased and then decreased, however, proline level tended to be down then up. Soluble oxalic acid content was lower than the content of unhandled treatment in P. ternata leaves and tubers; with Ca2+ concentration increasing, soluble oxalic acidl content and yield showed a tendency of decrease after increase in the leaves and tubers. Compared with other treatments, spraying 400 mg x L(-1) Ca2+ significantly enhanced the accumulation of total alkaloid and guanosine in P. ternata tubers. At Lower concentrations of Ca2+, the content of total free organic acid was higher in the tuber.

CONCLUSIONWith the treatment of Ca2+ the capacity of heat resistance was improved in P. ternata plants, the rate of lodge P. ternata was postponed, growing period was extended and corresponding production has increased by spraying exogenous Ca2+.

Calcium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Hot Temperature ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological

Athletes ; Exercise ; Flavones/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood* ; Resistance Training ; Stress, Physiological/drug effects*

The seeds of Rabdosia rubescens were as the materials to research the impacts of different lead (Pb2+) concentrations(0, 135, 270, 540, 1 080 mg x L(-1)) on seed germination and seedling growth. The results show that: Low concentration of lead had no obvious effect on early germination of the seed, the germination vigor and germination speed were lightly higher but not significantly differed at the level of Pb concentration 135 mg x L(-1) with control group; Mid-high concentration of Pb solution (270-1 080 mg x L(-1)) significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth, which reduced the seed germination rate, germination vigor, germination index, embryo root length and shoot length, growth index with increasing of Pb concentrations. There was a inhibitory effect on embryo shoot length and root length at mid-high lead concentrations stress, and stronger inhibitory effect on root , which was more sensitive than shoot to Pb stress(P < 0.05). Pb bioaccumulation coefficient (BC) was 0.76-2.59, increased with concentration of Pb; Pb enrichment in seedling mainly caused the growth inhibition. The fitting model predictive analyses show, the critical concentration of Pb, which causes the germination rate and biomass fresh weight reducing 10%, is 195.18, 101.65 mg x L(-1).
Germination ; drug effects ; Isodon ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Lead ; toxicity ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Stress, Physiological

OBJECTIVETo study the optimum conditions of simulated drought stress, and screen the indexes of drought resistance and comprehensively assess the drought resistance of the Angelica dahurica resources during seedling stage.

METHODInvestigations were carried out on the changes of height, root length, root-shoot ration, contents of soluble sugar, proline and malondialdehyde under polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)-simulated drought stress. A comprehensive evaluation on the drought resistance of different (varietal) species of A. dahurica during seedling stage was applied by using the method of subordinate function. And the drought resistance indexes were selected out by applying the method of grey correlative degree analysis.

RESULTDrought stress of 9 days with 20% PEG was the optimum condition for the simulation of drought stress. The results showed that the drought resistant capability decreased in the order as follows, A. dahurica from Sichuan province, A. dahurica from Henan province, A. dahurica from Hebei province and A. dahurica from Zhejiang province. And the order of correlative degree of drought resistance and indexes was: soluble sugar > root length > proline > root-shoot ration > total content of chlorophyll > chlorophyll b > chlorophyll a > height > malondialdehyde.

CONCLUSIONOsmotic adjustment substance and the indexes related to the root have more influence on the drought resistance of A. dahurica during seedling stage. A. dahurica from Sichuan province shows the highest drought resistance during seedling stage.

Angelica ; chemistry ; drug effects ; physiology ; Droughts ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; drug effects ; physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; drug effects

AIMTo study the effects of vitamin E on stress-induced impairments in hippocampus of rats.

METHODSTwenty four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control, stress, control+ VE, stress+ VE. The rat stress model was built by restraining for 6 h/d,21 d. The long-term potentiation was induced in rat hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) by high-frequency test stimulation.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the rats suffered from restraint stress showed that the number of crossing in open-field test and the content of glucocorticoids in plasma was significantly increased, the changes of amplitude of population spike (PS) were significantly lower. After VE supplementation in stress rats, the indices mentioned above were significantly improved.

CONCLUSIONOpportune supplementation of vitamin E may improve the brain function under stress.

Animals ; Dentate Gyrus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stress, Physiological ; Vitamin E ; pharmacology

With the expanded application of heavy metal cadmium, soil cadmium pollution is more and more serious. In this study, using Salix matsudana as a phytoremediation candidate, we observed changes of gene expression and metabolic pathway after 1, 7 and 30 days under 2.5 mg/L and 50 mg/L cadmium stress. The result of transcriptome sequencing showed that we obtained 102 595 Unigenes; 26 623 and 32 154 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the same concentration and different stress time; 8 550, 3 444 and 11 428 DEG with different concentrations at the same time; 25 genes closely related to cadmium stress response were screened. The changes of genes expression (such as metallothionein, ABC transporter, zinc and manganese transporter) depended on both concentration of cadmium and exposure time. The expression of several genes was obviously up-regulated after cadmium stress, for example 3,6-deoxyinosinone ketolase (ROT3) in brassinolide synthesis pathway and flavonoid synthase (FLS), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H) in the synthesis pathway of brassinolide. In addition, GO analysis shows that GO entries were mainly enriched in metabolic processes including cellular processes, membranes, membrane fractions, cells, cellular fractions, catalytic activation and binding proteins in response to cadmium stress, whose number would increase along with cadmium concentration and exposure time. The reliability of transcriptome information was verified by qPCR and physiological experimental data. Response mechanisms of S. matsudana after cadmium stress were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing, which provided theoretical guidance for remediation of cadmium pollution in soil by S. matsudana.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; drug effects ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Salix ; drug effects ; genetics ; Stress, Physiological ; genetics ; Transcriptome ; drug effects

AIMTo investigate the effects of sodium sulfonate daidzein (SSD) on stress-induced gastric ulcer and explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSUsing exhausted swimming and counting the number of gastric ulcer to establish the model of stress-induced gastric ulcer. Mouse experience intraperitoneal injection of different doses of SSD and L-NAME, and NDP histochemical method was used to detect the changes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive neurons in stomach.

RESULTSSSD had dose-dependent protective effect on gastric mucosa. L-NAME could prevent stress induced gastric lesion. After combined injection of L-NAME and effective dose of SSD, the protective effect of SSD on gastric mucosa was reinforced. The number of NOS ganglion was constant, and effective dose of SSD had slight effect on NOS-positive neurons in normal mouse while it decreased NOS positive neurons in per area and in per ganglia after stress.

CONCLUSIONThe increased nitric oxide (NO) leads to gastric ulcer during stress, SSD has protective effect on gastric mucosa and this effect may be mediated by inhibiting NOS and restricting the overproduction of NO during stress.

Animals ; Gastric Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Stomach Ulcer ; Stress, Physiological

AIMTo investigate the changes of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in rat brain regions with chronic immobilization stress and the influence of Chinese herbs.

METHODSWe copied the rat model of chronic immobilization stress (180 min daily, repeated 7 days or 21 days), and characterized the changes of GR in hippocampus CA1, cortex, dentate gyrus via immunohistochemistry integrated image analysis.

RESULTSThe contents of glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus CA1 , cortex, dentate gyrus were increased and the intensity of immunity reaction was significantly stronger in the model group of 7 days than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05). The contents of GR were significantly decreased and the intensity of immunity reaction was weaken in the model group of 21 days (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with the model group of 21 days, the contents of GR were significantly increased and immunity reaction was intensified in three groups of treatment with Chinese herbs (P < 0.05), in which the group treated with soothing-liver herbs Xiaoyaopowder was the best.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Restraint, Physical ; Stress, Physiological

OBJECTIVETo investigate effect of Epimedium flavonoids (EF), positively controlled by caloric restriction (CR) method, in retarding aging of the model organism C. elegans, in order to establish a basis for studying its action mechanism.

METHODSExperiment for life-time analysis was conducted on animals grouped into the blank group, the CR group, and the high and low dose EF groups to observe their mean lifespan, maximum lifespan and age-dependent mortality. And the reproductive capacity test and acute heat-stress analysis were carried out in the blank group and the high dose EF group to observe the subalgebra and the mean survival time under acute heat-stress at 35 degrees C.

RESULTSAs compared with the blank group, the mean lifespan in the two EF group and the maximum lifespan in the high dose EF group were higher, and the age-dependent mortality in the high dose EF group was lower significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01); as compared with the CR group, the mean lifespan and maximum lifespan in the high dose EF group were higher (P<0.01); but no significant difference of the subalgebra between the blank group and the high dose EF group was shown (P>0.05). Compared with the blank group, the mean lifespan in the high dose EF group was significantly prolonged under acute heat-stress at 35 degrees C (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONEF can retard the aging of C. elegans without damage on the reproductive capacity, and significantly improve its capacity against acute heat-stress.

Aging ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; drug effects ; physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Female ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Hot Temperature ; adverse effects ; Longevity ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Reproduction ; drug effects ; Stress, Physiological ; drug effects