OBJECTIVETo characterize the clinical features of Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families and to evaluate the value of Chinese HNPCC criteria.

METHODSTwenty-six families were involved in this study. Eight families fulfilled both the Amsterdam criteria and the Chinese HNPCC criteria (named group A), while the other 18 families fulfilled the Chinese HNPCC criteria only (named group B). The clinical features of these HNPCC families were compared with those of 509 sporadic colorectal cancers (CRC) cases. Features of families in group A and in group B were also compared and analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 86 colorectal carcinomas developed in 77 patients in these 26 families. Synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancers developed in seven (9.1%) patients. Thirty-nine percent of colorectal carcinomas were developed in the proximal colon. Fifty-one out of 71 patients (71.8%) were diagnosed before the age of 50. A total of 24 extracolonic malignancies were identified in these families. Gastric carcinoma was the most common type of extracolonic malignancy (37.5%). Compared with sporadic CRCs, HNPCC patients were significantly younger at the age of diagnosis, namely, higher proportion of patients less than 50 years old, and more frequent development of multiple colorectal cancers. Except for the average number of colorectal carcinomas developed per family (4.5:2.3, P = 0.022), there was no significant difference between group A and B regarding the age of diagnosis, the location of colorectal cancer, the development of multiple colorectal cancers and the distribution of extra-colonic malignancies.

CONCLUSIONChinese HNPCC families have certain specific clinico-pathological features. Families in accord with the Chinese HNPCC criteria have similar clinical features as those with the Amsterdam criteria. The Chinese criteria are, however, more suitable for the diagnosis of patients from small families.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Family ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of gastric cancer in the rural area of Henan province. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-five families with gastric cancer and 325 control families (1010 persons in each group) were selected among the rural residents in 4 counties of Henan province. Totally 2020 people were surveyed and assessed using population-based case-control family study. RESULTS: Gastric cancer was related to stomach upset, irregular dietary, hobby for salty taste, residual food, and history of mental stimulus. CONCLUSION Stomach upset, irregular dietary, hobby for salty taste, residual food, and history of mental stimulus are the risk factors of gastric cancer.
Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Stomach Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUNDIn China, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) share susceptibility loci, but different rates of multiple primary cancer and male/female ratio suggest the proportion of familial cancer is not equal.

METHODSThe percent of cases with a positive family history, median onset age, rate of multiple primary cancer, and male/female ratio associated with upper, middle, lower third ESCC and GCA were compared to reveal the proportion of familial cancer. The 7267 subjects analyzed constituted all ESCC and GCA cases in whom the cancer was resected with cure intention between 1970 and 1994 at the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University.

RESULTSA positive family history for cancer was most often associated with the multiple primary ESCC and/or GCA cases, e.g. with 42% of the males and 59% of the females. For upper, middle, lower third ESCC and GCA, the percent of cases with a positive family history decreased by 38.5%, 26.3%, 26.5%, and 11.2% in males (P < 0.000) and 25.0%, 22.3%, 23.9%, and 9.8% in females (P < 0.0001). Median onset age increased from 49, 52, 55, to 56 years old in males and from 50, 53, 55, to 56 years old in females ( both P < 0.0001) for upper, middle, lower third ESCC and GCA. Male/female ratio increased from 2.2, 2.1, 2.2, to 6.2:1 for upper, middle, lower third ESCC and GCA (P < 0.0001). For upper, middle, lower third ESCC and GCA, the percent of multiple primary cancers decreased from 21.2%, 2.3%, 2.2%, to 1.5% in males and from 14.3%, 2.4%, 3.4%, to 3.1% in females. The preponderance of males, smoking, drinking, or onset-age ≥ 50 years was significantly higher in GCA than in ESCC, and the difference in the rates of multiple primary cancers between the preponderant and the non-preponderant cases was significant in GCA, but not in ESCC, suggesting non-equal requirement for genetic susceptibility when environmental hazards did not exist.

CONCLUSIONSThe proportion of familial cancer in upper gastrointestinal carcinomas decreases by the primary site of upper, middle, lower third esophagus and gastric cardia. Considering familial and sporadic cancers differ in preventability, screening strategy and recurrence, our findings have basic and clinical implications.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; Age of Onset ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Cardia ; China ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Loci ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR9 and the susceptibility to gastric cancer.

METHODSA population-based case-control study was conducted at Linqu county, Shandong province, China, including a total of 248 cases of gastric cancer. Another total of 496 age and sex-matched controls were randomly selected from the same cohorts. TLR2 rs3804099 and TLR9 rs187084 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed from logistic regression models after adjusting for age, sex, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and smoking status.

RESULTSThe frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotype on TLR2 rs3804099 in control group were 43.5% (216/496), 46.6% (231/496) and 9.9% (49/496), respectively; whereas those in case group were 53.2% (132/248), 39.9% (99/248) and 6.9% (17/248), respectively. Significant differences in the frequencies of TLR2 rs3804099 were found between case and control groups (χ(2) = 6.665, P = 0.036). It was found that compared with the TT genotype, TC + CC genotype carriers obviously less susceptible to gastric cancer (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.50 - 0.93). Joint effects analysis indicated that the TLR2 rs3804099 TT genotype carriers and H.pylori infectors had higher susceptibility to gastric cancer(OR = 3.42, 95%CI: 2.16 - 5.42), compared with TC + CC genotype carriers and non-H.pylori infection group. The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotype on TLR9 rs187084 in control group were 33.3% (165/496), 49.0% (243/496) and 17.7% (88/496), respectively; whereas those in case group were 35.9% (89/248), 50.0% (124/248) and 14.1% (35/248), respectively. No significant association with gastric cancer was observed for TLR9 rs187084 polymorphism (χ(2) = 1.684, P = 0.431).

CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate that TLR2 rs3804099 is closely associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 9 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate interactions between lifestyle, methylanetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) and polymorphisms in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the thymidylate synthase gene (TS) with reference to development of stomach cancer (SC).

METHODSWe conducted a case-control study with 107 cases of SC and 200 population-based controls in Huaian city of Jiangsu province, China. TS genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS(1) The frequencies of TS genotypes (+6 bp/+6 bp, +6 bp/-6 bp and -6 bp/-6 bp) among the cases were 5.6%, 47.7% and 46.7% and among the controls were 9.0%, 54.0% and 37.0%, respectively. Individuals identified as -6 bp/-6 bp genotype had a slightly higher risk for SC than those individuals with +6 bp alleles (the crude OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 0.90 - 2.47; adjusted OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.78, P = 0.047). (2) Individuals having TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype and having smoking habit were at a significantly higher risk of developing SC (adjusted OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.51 - 5.18) compared with those who had +6 bp alleles with no smoking habit. Individuals having TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype and habit of frequent alcohol drinking were at an increased risk of developing SC (adjusted OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07 - 2.90) compared with those with +6 bp alleles and low consumption of alcohol. As compared with individuals with +6 bp alleles and who had habit of tea drinking, individuals who had TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype and but without habit of tea drinking had an increased risk of developing SC (adjusted OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.43 - 3.82). (3) Individuals with TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype and with MTHFR T alleles had an increased risk of developing SC (adjusted OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.07 - 6.70) compared with those with +6 bp alleles and with MTHRF C/C genotype.

CONCLUSIONResults in the present study suggested that there was a combined effect between lifestyle, MTHFR C/T or T/T genotype and TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype in the development of SC.

Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Tea ; chemistry ; Thymidylate Synthase ; genetics

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in TFF gene family, TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and GC subgroups in a Korean population via a case-control study. The eight polymorphisms in TFF gene family were identified by sequencing and genotyped with 377 GC patients and 396 controls by using TaqMan genotyping assay. The rs184432 TT genotype of TFF1 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of GC (odds ratio, [OR) = 0.45; 95% confidence interval, [CI] = 0.25-0.82; P = 0.009), more protective against diffuse-type GC (OR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.05-0.89; P = 0.035) than GC (OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.14-0.82; P = 0.017) in subjects aged < 60 yr, and correlated with lymph node metastasis negative GC and diffuse-type GC (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.23-0.86; P = 0.016 and OR = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.05-0.87; P = 0.031, respectively). In addition, a decreased risk of lymph node metastasis negative GC and diffuse-type GC was observed for rs225359 TT genotype of TFF1 (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24-0.88; P = 0.020 and OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05-0.88; P = 0.033, respectively). These findings suggest that the rs184432 and rs225359 polymorphisms in TFF1 have protective effects for GC and contribute to the development of GC in Korean individuals.
Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/epidemiology/genetics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptides/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics

BACKGROUND: Although there have been some reports on microsatellite alterations in gastric cancer, findings are inconsistent regarding the associations between histological classification and microsatellite instability (MSI). In the present study, we attempted to determine whether Lauren's histological subtypes are related with MSI status. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 14 diffuse-type and 14 intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinomas were matched up according to patient gender and age. Mononucleotide markers (BAT25 and BAT26) and dinucleotide markers (D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250) were used for MSI analyses. Microsatellite genotypes were categorized in terms of high MSI incidence (MSI-H, > 30% positive marker) or low MSI incidence (MSI-L, < 30% positive marker). Losses of hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein expression were immunohistochemically studied. RESULTS: MSI-H was observed in 11 cases (78%) of the 14 intestinal-type cases as compared to 3 (21%) of the 14 diffuse-type cases (p=0.007). In MSI-H tumors, 10 cases (71%) showed losses of hMLH1 protein expression, while 2 cases (14%) in MSI-L tumors showed losses of hMLH1 protein expression (p=0.006). CONCLUSION: MSI-H tumors are more frequently found in intestinal-type gastric cancer, which suggests the possibility that there are different pathogenic pathways in gastric carcinogenesis according to histologic type.
Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/*genetics/pathology ; Aged ; Base Pair Mismatch/*genetics ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genotype ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats/*genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics/pathology

OBJECTIVETo characterize the profiles of chromosome imbalance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) from the high incidence area in Henan.

METHODSChromosomal aberrations of 37 samples of SCC and 30 GCA were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).

RESULTSIt was found that the most frequently detected gains were on chromosome arm 8q (78%), and followed by 3q, 5p, 6q and 7p. The most frequent loss was found on 3p (57%), and followed by 8p, 9q and 11q in SCC. For GCA, the most frequent gain was found on chromosome arm 20q (43%), and followed by 6q, 8q and 6p. The most frequent loss was on the chromosome 17p (57%), and followed by 19p, 1p and 4p.

CONCLUSIONThe present findings demonstrate that gains of 8q, 3q and 5p, and losses of 3p, 8p, and 9q are characteristic profile of chromosome imbalance in SCC, and the gains of 20q, 6q and losses of 17p, 19p and 1p are characteristic profile of chromosome imbalance in GCA, which provide important theoretic information for identifying and cloning novel SCC/GCA-related genes.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Cardia ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the association of single nucleotide polymorphism at interleukin-10 gene 1082 locus with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and the risk of gastric cancer in high prevalent region (Shaanxi Province)aand low prevalence region (Guangdong Province) in China.

METHODSThe genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 104 healthy individuals, 104 gastric cancer patients from Guangdong Province, and from 102 healthy volunteers and 102 gastric cancer patients in Shaanxi Province, China. The single nucleotide polymorphism at IL-10 gene 1082 locus was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The serum levels of anit-Hp IgG was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSThe frequencies of IL-10-1082 A/A, A/G and G/G genotypes in the 412 subjects were 86.7%, 10.7% and 2.4%, respectively. In the low prevalence region, the number of carriers of IL-10-1082 G* was much greater in the cancer patients than in the healthy controls (14.4% vs 7.7%, Chi2=4.02, P<0.05, OR=1.01, 95% CI=1.08-3.10). The presence of IL-10-1082 G* was associated with significantly increased risk of gastric cancer following Hp infection (Chi(2)=5.36, P<0.05, OR=6.0, 95% CI=1.23-17.52). In the high prevalence region, the frequency of IL-10-1082 G* was slightly higher among the cancer patients than in the healthy controls, but this difference was not statistically significant (12.7% vs 16.6%, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe G* genotype of IL-10 gene 1082 locus may be associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in China.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and the fourth most common cancer globally. There are, however, distinct differences in incidence rates in different geographic regions. While the incidence rate of gastric cancer has been falling, that of gastric cardia cancers is reportedly on the rise in some regions. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major risk factor of non-cardia gastric cancer, and data has emerged concerning the role of H. pylori eradication for primary prevention of gastric cancer. Dietary, lifestyle and metabolic factors have also been implicated. Although addressing these other factors may contribute to health, the actual impact in terms of cancer prevention is unclear. Once irreversible histological changes have occurred, endoscopic surveillance would be necessary. A molecular classification system offers hope for molecularly tailored, personalised therapies for gastric cancer, which may improve the prognosis for patients.
Female ; Global Health ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; prevention & control ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Obesity ; complications ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; microbiology ; prevention & control