This study involved 72 pregnancies admitted to the Obsteo-gynecological Department of Hue Central Hospital between September/1995 to January/1998. The results suggested that misoprotol is effective for termination of pregnancy. Successful rate of this method is higher than that of oxytocin method in all subjects. Mean dose is 3.2+/-1.3 tables (Cytotect table of 200mg). Complications are infrequent.
Stillbirth ; Pregnancy

The aim of the Fourth Millennium Developmental Goal is to reduce mortality among children less than 5 years by two thirds between 1990 and 2015. Efforts are more focus on improving children’s health. The aim of this study was to describe the trend of stillbirth and neonatal deaths in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre from 2004 to 2010. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using hospital data on perinatal mortality and monthly census delivery statistics. There were 45,277 deliveries with 526 stillbirths and neonatal deaths. More than half of the stillborn cases were classified as normally formed macerated stillbirth and prematurity was common in neonatal deaths. The trend of SB and NND was found fluctuating in this study. However, by using proportionate test comparing rate, there was a transient significant decline of stillbirth but not neonatal deaths rates between 2004 and 2006. On the other hand, the neonatal deaths rate showed significant increment from 2006 to 2008. When both mortality rates were compared using proportionate test, from the start of the study, year 2004 with end of the study, year 2010, there was no significant decline noted. Trends of stillbirth and neonatal death rates in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre within 7 years study period did not show the expected outcome as in Millennium Developmental Goal of two thirds reduction.
Stillbirth ; Infant Mortality

Most autopsy cases of fetus or infants in Korea are deaths of prematurity or death after birth arising medical dispute. It is natural to closely examine the all organs at autopsy. Thorough investigation of the lungs of infants is important to distinguishing the live birth and stillbirth. Forensic pathologists in Korea are not frequently experienced infant autopsy. So it is necessary to review the pediatric forensic pathology. And the author summarized the forensic pathology of the lungs in fetus and infants and its significance.
Autopsy ; Dissent and Disputes ; Fetus* ; Forensic Pathology* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Korea ; Live Birth ; Lung* ; Parturition ; Stillbirth

Investigating neonatal deaths in the toilets is challenging for forensic pathologists. During the postmortem examination, they should evaluate whether the baby was alive or a stillbirth and determine any causes of death, such as prenatal cause, infection, anatomical abnormalities, birth or other blunt force injury, drowning, and asphyxia. We retrieved two cases of neonatal deaths in the toilets and reviewed their autopsy findings and circumstances. However, findings from the postmortem examination were insignificant. Their lung examinations revealed non-expanded alveoli, and hydrostatic tests were negative. However, the cases cannot be confirmed as stillbirths because of the possibility that they might be alive for a short period of time after birth and then exposed into the water in the toilet or to accidental or non-accidental asphyxia or that they might have died because of neglect. These cases illustrate that the death scene and the associated circumstances should be meticulously and carefully investigated.
Asphyxia ; Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Drowning ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Lung ; Parturition ; Perinatal Death ; Stillbirth ; Water

Congenital malformations with multiple anomalies have been described infrequently in the veterinary literature. A stillborn male crossbred lamb with diprosopus, craniorachischisis, and arthrogryposis was examined macroscopically and histopathologically in this study. The left head was smaller than the right head. Micrencephaly, agnathia, and a rudimentary tongue, which was adherent to the palate, were present in the left head. Micrencephaly, brachygnathia superior, and cleft palate were present in the right head. Cerebellar agenesis and spinal cord hypoplasia were observed. The cerebrums and the spinal cord were covered with a tapering membranous structure. Neural and dermal tissues were noted to intervene upon microscopic examination of this structure. Disorganization of neurons was observed in both cerebrums, though it was more severe in the left one. This case demonstrates many congenital defects occurring together in a lamb.
Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities/pathology/*veterinary ; Male ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/*congenital/pathology ; Stillbirth

Previous experimental studies on cryptorchism have been done with surgical manipulation which brought already descended gonads in the abdomen. However, the possibility of tissue damage with surgical manipulation has been discussed as a limitation of this procedure. In an effort to observe the possibility of the induction of cryptorchism with estrogen, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intramuscularly with depoestradiol cypionate of various dosage schedule and timing of treatment. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In cases treated with 0.5-2.0 mg/rat of depoestradiol cypionate at 2 weeks of pregnancy, stillbirth or death in 24hrs after birth resulted in offsprings. 2. Cryptorchism was not induced in all cases treated with 0.3mg/kg of depoestradiol cypionate irrespective of the age at treatment. 3. Cryptorchism was induced in .all cases treated with 0.3mg/rat of depoestradiol cypionate at 1 week after birth. This results might be used as a basis of the related and consecutive studies on cryptorchism.
Abdomen ; Appointments and Schedules ; Cryptorchidism* ; Estrogens* ; Gonads ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stillbirth

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to establish a multi-center birth defects monitoring system for evaluating the prevalence and serial occurrence of birth defects in Korea. METHODS: Seven centers participated in this monitoring system. Trained nurses actively collected the 42,015 delivery records obtained from delivery units and pediatric clinics in the participating hospitals every month. RESULTS: We observed 722 birth defects among 42,015 births including live births and stillbirths. The prevalence of birth defect was 1.7%. About one thirds of birth defects were terminated. The most frequent congenital anomalies were cleft lip and Down syndrome. The highest proportion of birth defects was 20.1% in urogenital system. The proportion of birth defects in cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal system were 17.1% and 14.1% respectively. Chromosomal anomalies and genetic syndromes represent 13.4% and 3.3% among birth defects respectively. Among chromosomal anomalies Down syndrome was at the first rank. CONCLUSION: We could establish multi-center active monitoring system for birth defects successfully. To check serial occurrence of birth defects, it is necessary to increase participating hospitals and to launch the nationwide multi-center study.
Cardiovascular System ; Cleft Lip ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Down Syndrome ; Korea* ; Live Birth ; Parturition* ; Prevalence ; Stillbirth ; Urogenital System

Porcine parvovirus, Erysipelothrix (E.) rhusiopathiae, and Leptospira (L.) interrogans are considered major etiologic agents of reproductive failure in pigs, causing economic loss in the swine industry. In this study, the safety and immunogenicity of a new octavalent inactivated vaccine were evaluated. The vaccine contained inactivated porcine parvovirus, E. rhusiopathiae, and six L. interrogans serovars (Bratislava, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona). Safety test results showed no notable side effects or clinical signs after vaccination in mice, guinea pigs, and sows. In addition, we assessed immunogenicity of the vaccine in 25 sows under field conditions. The vaccinated group (n = 20) had a significantly higher antibody level than the non-vaccinated group (n = 5). Moreover, the stillbirth rate decreased in piglets born from vaccinated sows, resulting in an increased fertility rate. The results of this study demonstrate that the new octavalent inactivated vaccine can be applied safely and effectively to improve reproductive performance in sows.
Animals ; Birth Rate ; Erysipelas* ; Erysipelothrix ; Guinea Pigs ; Leptospira* ; Leptospirosis ; Mice ; Parvovirus, Porcine* ; Serogroup ; Stillbirth ; Swine ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to have an in-depth understanding of delivery room nurses'experiences of caring for stillborn babies and their parents. METHODS: After obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board, data were collected from March 1 to August 30, 2016. A total of six nurses participated in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and the data subsequently analyzed. RESULTS: Using thematic analysis, six themes were defined and refined: Emotional distress as a result of encountering stillborn babies; Caring for the deceased baby; Concerns for the mother's pain; Consideration for the father; Conflicts between accepting and dismissing parents' requests; and Strong mindset for the stillborn babies and their parents. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the nurses' experiences of caring for stillborn babies and their parents might be a difficult and lonely process. However, it could also be a process of attaining maturity by finding meaning and value in one's work. It would be helpful for the delivery room nurses to share examples of effective communication, train through simulation, and learn useful strategies that each nurse can use.
Delivery Rooms* ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Fathers ; Humans ; Parents* ; Qualitative Research ; Stillbirth

Prune belly syndrome is a rare anomaly complex associated with absence of abdominal muscle combined with urinary tract abnormalities. We have encountered stillbirth female with severely distended abdomen without external genitalia end anus who was Finally confirmed as prune belly syndrome by an autopsy. Herein we report a case with review of literature.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Muscles ; Anal Canal ; Autopsy ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Prune Belly Syndrome* ; Stillbirth ; Urinary Tract