This study is aimed to evaluate skin whitening effects of Sanguisorba officinalis and Stichopus japonicus for cosmeceutical ingredients. The extract of Stichopus japonicus showed 61.78% inhibition of tyrosinase activity, and the mixture of Sanguisorba officinalis extract and Stichopus japonicus extract showed 59.14% inhibition of tyrosinase activity. On the clone M-3 cell meloanocyte, the mixture of Sanguisorba officinalis extract and Stichopus japonicus extract showed remarkable inhibition of melanogenesis. Also, those extracts were not irritable in ocular irritation test. It is concluded from these results that Sanguisorba officinalis and Stichopus japonicus have skin whitening effect. It could be used as natural depigmental material in cosmeceutical ingredients.
Clone Cells ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Sanguisorba ; Skin ; Stichopus

This study is aimed to evaluate skin whitening effects of Sanguisorba officinalis and Stichopus japonicus for cosmeceutical ingredients. The extract of Stichopus japonicus showed 61.78% inhibition of tyrosinase activity, and the mixture of Sanguisorba officinalis extract and Stichopus japonicus extract showed 59.14% inhibition of tyrosinase activity. On the clone M-3 cell meloanocyte, the mixture of Sanguisorba officinalis extract and Stichopus japonicus extract showed remarkable inhibition of melanogenesis. Also, those extracts were not irritable in ocular irritation test. It is concluded from these results that Sanguisorba officinalis and Stichopus japonicus have skin whitening effect. It could be used as natural depigmental material in cosmeceutical ingredients.
Clone Cells ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Sanguisorba ; Skin ; Stichopus

This study is designed to apply for cosmeceutical ingredients with Sanguisorba officinalis and Stichopus japonicus distributed all over the country. The antioxidizing effect of the ethanol extract of Stichopus japonicus displayed stronger inhibition than the Sanguisorba officinalis ethanol extract and mixture of Sanguisorba officinalis and Stichopus japonicus extract. They used in the experiment as 63.28% with the density of 50 microgram/mL, and compared with the ascorbic acid used as positive counterpart. Since the physiological activating ingredient generating the antioxidizing effect was confirmed with the Sanguisorba officinalis and Stichopus japonicus with the experiment results, the possibility for natural antioxidants was implied.
Antioxidants ; Ascorbic Acid ; Cosmetics ; Ethanol ; Sanguisorba ; Stichopus

The cDNA of an i type lysozyme was cloned from Stichopus japonicus (named as SjLys). The DNA fragment of the mature SjLys was subcloned into expression vector of pET-32a (+) to construct the recombinant plasmid of pET32a (+)-SjLys. The recombinant plasmid was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS and induced by isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside (IPTG). The recombinant protein expressed as inclusion bodies was denatured, partially purified and refolded to be an active form. The bacteriolytic activity of recombinant protein purified by the metal-chelating was 19.2 U/mg. The antibacterial activity of the purified recombinant SjLys (rSjLys) was analyzed. The rSjLys protein displayed inhibitive effect on the growth of the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In particular, rSjLys had a strong inhibitive activity on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both the most common pathogenic bacteria in the marine animals. The heat-treated rSjLys exhibited more potent activities against all tested bacteria. These results indicated that the S. japonicus lysozyme was the enzyme with combined enzymatic (glycosidase) and non-enzymatic antibacterial action, and it had a wide antibacterial spectrum. Therefore, it is suggested that the S. japonicus lysozyme should be one of the important molecules against pathogens in the innate immunity of sea cucumbers.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Muramidase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Stichopus ; enzymology

To obtain water-soluble holothurian glycosides with high tumor suppressing activities from Apostichopus japonicus, macroporous resin, silica gel and gel-filtration column chromatograghy were used to purify the water-soluble holothurian glycosides, and their tumor suppressing activity and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells were examined in this study. The 70% ethanol fraction of macroporous resin column, the pSC-2 and pSC-3 fractions from silica gel column showed very strong tumor suppressing activity towards HeLa cells, A-549 lung cancer cells, SGC-7901 stomach cancer cells and Bel-7402 liver cancer cells. SC-2 and SC-3 fraction purified from Sephadex LH-20 gel-filtration column chromatography, with a purity above 99.6%, all had the properties of triterpenoid glycosides. Purified SC-2 fraction had remarkable tumor suppressing activity on HeLa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and had prominent tumor suppressing activity to mouse S180 solid tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, the SC-2 fraction also had remarkable ability in elevating mouse thymus index and spleen index. The purified SC-2 fraction could induce apoptosis of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, and DNA fragmentation of HeLa cells occurred after treated 12 h with 10 mg x L(-1) and 50 mg x L(-1) of SC-2 fractions. From the results, it can be concluded that the purified SC-2 fraction of water-soluble holothurian glycosides has extremely strong tumor suppressing activity, and the suppression is realized by inducing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. This study lays solid foundation for development of highly effective new natural anticancer agents from sea cucumbers.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Random Allocation ; Sarcoma 180 ; pathology ; Stichopus ; chemistry ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects