Intra-cardiac extension of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an uncommon but serious condition related to poor prognosis. We report a 57-year-old male diagnosed with HCC with intra-cardiac extension into the right atrium at presentation. There were no symptoms related to cardiac involvement and intra-cardiac extension was incidentally noted on radiological imaging. He was offered palliative treatment and succumbed to his disease within 50 days of first diagnosis.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Liver Neoplasms

Morphoea, or localised scleroderma, is a disease entity with poorly understood pathogenesis. Early diagnosis of the condition is crucial in order to prevent permanent morbidity. However, initial presentations of morphoea can be nonspecific and easily mistaken for other conditions, resulting in late treatment and permanent disability. We report a case of linear morphoea in a 22-year-old man who was initially diagnosed with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. By the time the diagnosis of morphoea was confirmed, the patient had already developed contractures.
Clobetasol ; therapeutic use ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Progression ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Male ; Phototherapy ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy ; diagnosis ; Scleroderma, Localized ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

A 47-year-old woman who underwent resection of known spinal meningioma at the T1 level returned for postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine. Incidentally, thin-walled structures with signal intensities that are similar to those of cerebrospinal fluid were found to be present in the left neural exit canal at the C7-T1 level and bilateral neural exit canals at the C6-7 level. Imaging findings were in keeping with perineural cysts. Cervical spine perineural cysts are likely underreported, as most of them are asymptomatic. The imaging features and differential diagnoses of perineural cysts are discussed in this article.

Among adults in the United States, the prevalence of reduced lung function including obstructive and restrictive lung disease is about 20%, representing an over 40 million adults. Persons with reduced lung function often demonstrate chronic systemic inflammation, such as from elevated levels of C-reactive protein. Substantial data suggests that inflammation may have a significant role in the association between reduced lung function and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, how reduced lung function predicts CVD as risk modification remains largely unknown. Poor lung function has been shown to be a better predictor of all-cause and cardiac-specific mortality than established risk factors such as serum cholesterol, and CVD is the leading cause of mortality among those with impaired lung function. The exact mechanism of atherosclerosis is not clear, but persistent low grade inflammation is considered as one of the culprits in clot formation. The initial presentation of coronary heart disease is either myocardial infarction or sudden death in approximately half of the individuals. Unfortunately, conventional risk factor assessment predicts only 65-80% of future cardiovascular events, leaving many middle-aged and older individuals to manifest a major cardiovascular event despite being classified low risk by the Framingham risk estimates.
Adult ; Atherosclerosis ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Disease ; Death, Sudden ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Risk Factors ; United States

A 31-year-old male motorcyclist presented with prepatellar swelling of the left knee after a collision with a car. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee showed no bony or ligamentous injury to the knee. Instead, a well-defined, thin-walled, T2-weighted hyperintense fluid collection with internal septations was identified in a prefascial location overlying the left patella and patellar tendon. The findings were in keeping with those of a Morel-Lavallée lesion, a closed internal degloving injury. Morel-Lavallée lesions are occasionally encountered after a blunt soft-tissue trauma. The presentation and imaging features are discussed.
Adult ; Compression Bandages ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Trauma Severity Indices

Accessory ossicles are normal variants that are frequently seen but often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Commonly seen at the foot and ankle, they may be mistaken for fracture fragments or loose bodies, or not be recognised as a cause of the patient's symptoms. This pictorial essay aimed to review commonly encountered accessory ossicles of the foot and ankle by highlighting anatomic landmarks and associated pathologic processes through the use of both basic and advanced imaging modalities, in an effort to increase awareness of these clinical entities.
Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ankle Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Foot ; diagnostic imaging ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Sesamoid Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A 53-year-old man presented with acute cervical myelopathy following a fall. Cervical radiography and computed tomography showed ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) from C2 to C6 level, with severe cervical canal stenosis and cord compression. Magnetic resonance imaging further showed increased T2-weighted signal in the spinal cord at the level of greatest central spinal canal stenosis. OPLL is a significant cause of myelopathy in Asian populations and is found in up to 25% of patients presenting with cervical compression myelopathy. The clinical presentation, radiological evaluation and management of OPLL are discussed.
Cervical Vertebrae ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Cord ; diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Cord Compression ; diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A 30-year-old woman presented with a six-month history of left posterior heel pain. Physical examination revealed a tender, inflamed and indurated posterior heel with a visible bony prominence of the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus. Lateral ankle radiography showed a prominent left posterosuperior calcaneal tuberosity and thickening of the distal Achilles tendon outline. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated high-signal inflammatory fluid in the retrocalcaneal bursa, increased signal intensity and thickening of the Achilles tendon, and prominence of the posterior calcaneus tuberosity with reactive marrow oedema. The findings are consistent with Haglund's deformity. The patient underwent hind foot surgery after failing a six-month course of conservative therapy. There was no further recurrence of symptoms after surgery. The clinical and radiological features of Haglund's deformity are described, including a short discussion of other causes of hind foot pain.
Achilles Tendon ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone and Bones ; surgery ; Calcaneus ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Foot ; diagnostic imaging ; Foot Deformities ; surgery ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pain ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome

A 54-year-old woman presented with a large mass on her right hand that was progressively enlarging over a period of a few years. She had cosmetic concerns about the enlarging mass and experienced interference with routine activity. Physical examination revealed a soft, mobile, non-tender, lobulated mass with well-defined margins. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the soft lump to be a lipomatous mass in the deep palmar space of the hand, which was subsequently surgically resected. The imaging features of deep palmar lipomas of the hand and other common benign lesions at this location are discussed.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Hand ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Hemangioma ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Lipoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Tenosynovitis ; diagnostic imaging

A 35-year-old female patient with previous left knee anterior cruciate ligament repair for a skiing injury presented six years later with a traumatic lateral patellar subluxation. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging of her left knee joint showed an ossific structure in the region of the lateral meniscus. This was diagnosed as a meniscal ossicle and confirmed during successful arthroscopic excision. The imaging features of meniscal ossicles are reported.
Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Arthroscopy ; Bone and Bones ; pathology ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menisci, Tibial ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Postoperative Complications ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries